The Experts below are selected from a list of 34398 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Masao Kuwahara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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traffic monitoring immediately after a major natural Disaster as revealed by probe data a case in ishinomaki after the great east japan earthquake
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2015Co-Authors: Yusuke Hara, Masao KuwaharaAbstract:This study analyzes how people behaved and traffic congestion expanded immediately after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 using information such as probe vehicle and smartphone GPS data. One of the cities most seriously damaged during the earthquake was Ishinomaki. Understanding human evacuation behavior and observing road network conditions are key for the creation of effective evacuation support plans and operations. In many cases, however, a major natural Disaster destroys most infrastructure sensors and detailed dynamic information on people's movements cannot be recorded. Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, vehicle detectors did not work due to the severe tsunami and electric power failure. Therefore, information was only available from individuals' probe vehicles and smartphone GPS data. These probe data, along with Disaster measurements such as water immersion levels, revealed the sudden transition of vehicle speed (i.e., it eventually slowed to less than walking speed and a serious gridlock phenomenon in the Ishinomaki central area occurred). These quantitative findings, which could not be identified without probe data, should be utilized during Future Disaster mitigation planning. Language: en
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traffic monitoring immediately after a major natural Disaster as revealed by probe data a case in ishinomaki after the great east japan earthquake
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2015Co-Authors: Yusuke Hara, Masao KuwaharaAbstract:This study analyzes how people behaved and traffic congestion expanded immediately after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 using information such as probe vehicle and smartphone GPS data. One of the cities most seriously damaged during the earthquake was Ishinomaki. Understanding human evacuation behavior and observing road network conditions are key for the creation of effective evacuation support plans and operations. In many cases, however, a major natural Disaster destroys most infrastructure sensors and detailed dynamic information on people’s movements cannot be recorded. Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, vehicle detectors did not work due to the severe tsunami and electric power failure. Therefore, information was only available from individuals’ probe vehicles and smartphone GPS data. These probe data, along with Disaster measurements such as water immersion levels, revealed the sudden transition of vehicle speed (i.e., it eventually slowed to less than walking speed and a serious gridlock phenomenon in the Ishinomaki central area occurred). These quantitative findings, which could not be identified without probe data, should be utilized during Future Disaster mitigation planning.
Yusuke Hara - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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traffic monitoring immediately after a major natural Disaster as revealed by probe data a case in ishinomaki after the great east japan earthquake
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2015Co-Authors: Yusuke Hara, Masao KuwaharaAbstract:This study analyzes how people behaved and traffic congestion expanded immediately after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 using information such as probe vehicle and smartphone GPS data. One of the cities most seriously damaged during the earthquake was Ishinomaki. Understanding human evacuation behavior and observing road network conditions are key for the creation of effective evacuation support plans and operations. In many cases, however, a major natural Disaster destroys most infrastructure sensors and detailed dynamic information on people's movements cannot be recorded. Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, vehicle detectors did not work due to the severe tsunami and electric power failure. Therefore, information was only available from individuals' probe vehicles and smartphone GPS data. These probe data, along with Disaster measurements such as water immersion levels, revealed the sudden transition of vehicle speed (i.e., it eventually slowed to less than walking speed and a serious gridlock phenomenon in the Ishinomaki central area occurred). These quantitative findings, which could not be identified without probe data, should be utilized during Future Disaster mitigation planning. Language: en
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traffic monitoring immediately after a major natural Disaster as revealed by probe data a case in ishinomaki after the great east japan earthquake
Transportation Research Part A-policy and Practice, 2015Co-Authors: Yusuke Hara, Masao KuwaharaAbstract:This study analyzes how people behaved and traffic congestion expanded immediately after the Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 using information such as probe vehicle and smartphone GPS data. One of the cities most seriously damaged during the earthquake was Ishinomaki. Understanding human evacuation behavior and observing road network conditions are key for the creation of effective evacuation support plans and operations. In many cases, however, a major natural Disaster destroys most infrastructure sensors and detailed dynamic information on people’s movements cannot be recorded. Following the Great East Japan Earthquake, vehicle detectors did not work due to the severe tsunami and electric power failure. Therefore, information was only available from individuals’ probe vehicles and smartphone GPS data. These probe data, along with Disaster measurements such as water immersion levels, revealed the sudden transition of vehicle speed (i.e., it eventually slowed to less than walking speed and a serious gridlock phenomenon in the Ishinomaki central area occurred). These quantitative findings, which could not be identified without probe data, should be utilized during Future Disaster mitigation planning.
Sandro Galea - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mental health consequences of Disasters
Annual Review of Public Health, 2014Co-Authors: Emily Goldmann, Sandro GaleaAbstract:We present in this review the current state of Disaster mental health research. In particular, we provide an overview of research on the presentation, burden, correlates, and treatment of mental disorders following Disasters. We also describe challenges to studying the mental health consequences of Disasters and discuss the limitations in current methodologies. Finally, we offer directions for Future Disaster mental health research.
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fear of terrorism and preparedness in new york city 2 years after the attacks implications for Disaster planning and research
Journal of Public Health Management and Practice, 2006Co-Authors: Joseph A Boscarino, Richard E Adams, Charles R Figley, Sandro Galea, Edna B FoaAbstract:The terrorist attacks in New York City (NYC) on September 11, 2001, killed nearly 3,000 persons and had an adverse affect on the local economy.1 These attacks not only increased pubic concerns about terrorist threats in NYC2 but also affected the psychological status of area residents.3-7 One study reported that 11 percent of NYC adults (approximately 700,000 persons) suffered a panic attack during this event.3 Other studies conducted locally and nationally following the attacks, also found widespread psychological distress.8,9 Adding to the level of anxiety and distress among NYC residents were the anthrax attacks that occurred in New Jersey and New York City shortly after the September 11 attacks, the first publicized bioterrorism event in US history,10 and the onset of war in the Middle East.11 Recent evidence of attacks among other civilian populations provides further evidence related to the possible psychological impact of terrorism. For example, of the 5,510 persons who sought medical treatment following the Tokyo sarin attack in 1995, 12 died, 17 were critically injured, and 4,000 had minor or no apparent injuries,12,13 During the 1991 Scud missile attacks in Israel during the Gulf War, it was reported that most persons presenting to emergency departments, nearly 80 percent, were psychiatric casualties.14 In addition, although the evacuation during the World Trade Center attacks appeared to be orderly, examination of evacuation activities closer to the impact area suggested that this was not the case at all.15 In addition, outbreaks of sociogenic illnesses have also been reported following these kinds of events.16 Although there are many risk factors to consider,17 a terrorist attack involving weapons of mass destruction (WMDs), even on a small scale, could generate significant psychiatric casualties.12,17-19 Although understanding how to prevent psychiatric casualties is imperative in military operations, from a public health point of view, managing adverse psychological reactions among the public following a terrorist attack is also important.20,21 Notwithstanding the possibility of a Future terrorist attack, to date much terrorism preparedness activities in the United States have mostly focused on the technological and biomedical aspects of these events.22-24 In the following, we present results from a recent NYC study that provides findings related to the potential social psychological impact of terrorist threats that should be useful in Future Disaster research and planning. To help guide our approach, we incorporated a Terrorism Management Theory (TMT) framework into our research design. Generally, TMT suggests that fear of terrorism is related to social background, fear of death, self-esteem, social support, as well as other factors, such as exposure to stressors events.25 This theory represents a social psychological model that has been useful in understanding reactions to terrorism.25 In this article, we construct multivariate models, based on TMT, to help assess psychosocial correlates of terrorism fears in a population recently exposed to terrorist events. We did this in order to provide empirical data to assist with Disaster planning, risk communications, and new research efforts. Although our study did not focus on actual behavior during an attack, we note that we did study reported behavioral intent in Future situations and current preparedness behaviors among a population exposed to terrorist attacks and ongoing threats over the past 2 years.
Ronald C Kessler - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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mental health service use among hurricane katrina survivors in the eight months after the Disaster
Psychiatric Services, 2007Co-Authors: Philip S Wang, Michael J Gruber, Richard E Powers, Michael Schoenbaum, Anthony H Speier, Kenneth B Wells, Ronald C KesslerAbstract:Objective: This study examined use of mental health services among adult survivors of Hurricane Katrina in order to improve understanding of the impact of Disasters on persons with mental disorders. Methods: A geographically representative telephone survey was conducted between January 19 and March 31, 2006, with 1,043 displaced and nondisplaced English-speaking Katrina survivors aged 18 and older. Survivors who reported serious and mild-moderate mood and anxiety disorders in the past 30 days and those with no such disorders were identified by using the K6 scale of nonspecific psychological distress. Use of services, system sectors, and treatments and reasons for not seeking treatment or dropping out were recorded. Correlates of using services and dropping out were examined. Results: An estimated 31% of respondents (N=319) had evidence of a mood or anxiety disorder at the time of the interview. Among these only 32% had used any mental health services since the Disaster, including 46% of those with serious disorders. Of those who used services, 60% had stopped using them. The general medical sector and pharmacotherapy were most commonly used, although the mental health specialty sector and psychotherapy played important roles, especially for respondents with serious disorders. Many treatments were of low intensity and frequency. Undertreatment was greatest among respondents who were younger, older, never married, members of racial or ethnic minority groups, uninsured, and of moderate means. Structural, financial, and attitudinal barriers were frequent reasons for not obtaining care. Conclusions: Few Katrina survivors with mental disorders received adequate care; Future Disaster responses will require timely provision of services to address the barriers faced by survivors. (Psychiatric Services 58:1403–1411, 2007)
Craig S. Rosen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Innovations in Disaster Mental Health Services and Evaluation: National, State, and Local Responses to Hurricane Katrina (Introduction to the Special Issue)
Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 2009Co-Authors: Fran H. Norris, Craig S. RosenAbstract:The severe consequences of Hurricane Katrina on mental health have sparked tremendous interest in improving the quality of mental health care for Disaster victims. In this special issue, we seek to illustrate the breadth of work emerging in this area. The five empirical examples each reflect innovation, either in the nature of the services being provided or in the evaluation approach. Most importantly, they portray the variability of post-Katrina mental health programs, which ranged from national to state to local in scope and from educational to clinical in intensity. As a set, these papers address the fundamental question of whether it is useful and feasible to provide different intensities of mental health care to different populations according to presumed need. The issue concludes with recommendations for Future Disaster mental health service delivery and evaluation.
