The Experts below are selected from a list of 282 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Daniel L Schacter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the degree of disparateness of Event details modulates Future simulation construction plausibility and recall
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Valerie Van Mulukom, Daniel L Schacter, Michael C Corballis, Donna Rose AddisAbstract:Several episodic simulation studies have suggested that the plausibility of Future Events may be influenced by the disparateness of the details comprising the Event. However, no study had directly investigated this idea. In the current study, we designed a novel episodic combination paradigm that varied the disparateness of details through a social sphere manipulation. Participants recalled memory details from three different social spheres. Details were recombined either within spheres or across spheres to create detail sets for which participants imagined Future Events in a second session. Across-sphere Events were rated as significantly less plausible than within-sphere Events and were remembered less often. The presented paradigm, which increases control over the disparateness of details in Future Event simulations, may be useful for Future studies concerned with the similarity of the simulations to previous Events and its plausibility.
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Episodic and semantic components of autobiographical memories and imagined Future Events in post-traumatic stress disorder
Memory (Hove England), 2013Co-Authors: Adam D. Brown, Donna Rose Addis, Tracy A. Romano, Charles R. Marmar, Richard A. Bryant, William Hirst, Daniel L SchacterAbstract:Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) tend to retrieve autobiographical memories with less episodic specificity, referred to as overgeneralised autobiographical memory. In line with evidence that autobiographical memory overlaps with one's capacity to imagine the Future, recent work has also shown that individuals with PTSD also imagine themselves in the Future with less episodic specificity. To date most studies quantify episodic specificity by the presence of a distinct Event. However, this method does not distinguish between the numbers of internal (episodic) and external (semantic) details, which can provide additional insights into remembering the past and imagining the Future. This study employed the Autobiographical Interview (AI) coding scheme to the autobiographical memory and imagined Future Event narratives generated by combat veterans with and without PTSD. Responses were coded for the number of internal and external details. Compared to combat veterans without PTSD, those with PTSD generated more external than internal details when recalling past or imagining Future Events, and fewer internal details were associated with greater symptom severity. The potential mechanisms underlying these bidirectional deficits and clinical implications are discussed.
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Hippocampal contributions to the episodic simulation of specific and general Future Events
Hippocampus, 2010Co-Authors: Donna Rose Addis, Theresa Cheng, Reece P. Roberts, Daniel L SchacterAbstract:Recent studies have demonstrated that remembering past experiences and imagining Future scenarios recruits a core network including the hippocampus. Even so, constructing Future Events engages the hippocampus more than remembering past Events. This fMRI study examined whether increased hippocampal activity for Future Events includes both specific and general Events. Participants constructed specific and general past and Future Events during fMRI scanning. We replicated previous findings of increased activity in the right anterior hippocampus when constructing Future relative to past Events, and when constructing specific relative to general Events. Importantly, both effects were driven by a significant interaction between temporal direction and specificity, with specific Future Events resulting in more activity than other conditions, including general Future Events. No regions exhibited greater activity during the construction of past relative to Future Events, or general relative to specific Events. These results suggest that the process of constructing a detailed representation of a novel and specific Future Event differentially engages the right anterior hippocampus compared with other forms of Event simulation and recall. Future work is needed to disambiguate the role of encoding, novelty and detail recombination in engaging the right anterior hippocampus during simulation.
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RAPID COMMUNICATION Hippocampal Contributions to the Episodic Simulation of Specific and General Future Events
2010Co-Authors: Donna Rose Addis, Theresa Cheng, Reece P. Roberts, Daniel L SchacterAbstract:Recent studies have demonstrated that remembering past experiences and imagining Future scenarios recruits a core network including the hippocampus. Even so, constructing Future Events engages the hippocampus more than remembering past Events. This fMRI study examined whether increased hippocampal activity for Future Events includes both specific and general Events. Participants constructed spe- cific and general past and Future Events during fMRI scanning. We repli- cated previous findings of increased activity in the right anterior hippo- campus when constructing Future relative to past Events, and when con- structing specific relative to general Events. Importantly, both effects were driven by a significant interaction between temporal direction and specificity, with specific Future Events resulting in more activity than other conditions, including general Future Events. No regions exhibited greater activity during the construction of past relative to Future Events, or general relative to specific Events. These results suggest that the pro- cess of constructing a detailed representation of a novel and specific Future Event differentially engages the right anterior hippocampus com- pared with other forms of Event simulation and recall. Future work is needed to disambiguate the role of encoding, novelty and detail recom- bination in engaging the right anterior hippocampus during simulation. V C
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On the nature of medial temporal lobe contributions to the constructive simulation of Future Events
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel L Schacter, Donna Rose AddisAbstract:A rapidly growing number of studies indicate that imagining or simulating possible Future Events depends on much of the same neural machinery as does remembering past Events. One especially striking finding is that the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which has long been linked to memory function, appears to be similarly engaged during Future Event simulation. This paper focuses on the role of two MTL regions—the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex—in thinking about the Future and building mental simulations.
Donna Rose Addis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the degree of disparateness of Event details modulates Future simulation construction plausibility and recall
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 2016Co-Authors: Valerie Van Mulukom, Daniel L Schacter, Michael C Corballis, Donna Rose AddisAbstract:Several episodic simulation studies have suggested that the plausibility of Future Events may be influenced by the disparateness of the details comprising the Event. However, no study had directly investigated this idea. In the current study, we designed a novel episodic combination paradigm that varied the disparateness of details through a social sphere manipulation. Participants recalled memory details from three different social spheres. Details were recombined either within spheres or across spheres to create detail sets for which participants imagined Future Events in a second session. Across-sphere Events were rated as significantly less plausible than within-sphere Events and were remembered less often. The presented paradigm, which increases control over the disparateness of details in Future Event simulations, may be useful for Future studies concerned with the similarity of the simulations to previous Events and its plausibility.
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Episodic and semantic components of autobiographical memories and imagined Future Events in post-traumatic stress disorder
Memory (Hove England), 2013Co-Authors: Adam D. Brown, Donna Rose Addis, Tracy A. Romano, Charles R. Marmar, Richard A. Bryant, William Hirst, Daniel L SchacterAbstract:Individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) tend to retrieve autobiographical memories with less episodic specificity, referred to as overgeneralised autobiographical memory. In line with evidence that autobiographical memory overlaps with one's capacity to imagine the Future, recent work has also shown that individuals with PTSD also imagine themselves in the Future with less episodic specificity. To date most studies quantify episodic specificity by the presence of a distinct Event. However, this method does not distinguish between the numbers of internal (episodic) and external (semantic) details, which can provide additional insights into remembering the past and imagining the Future. This study employed the Autobiographical Interview (AI) coding scheme to the autobiographical memory and imagined Future Event narratives generated by combat veterans with and without PTSD. Responses were coded for the number of internal and external details. Compared to combat veterans without PTSD, those with PTSD generated more external than internal details when recalling past or imagining Future Events, and fewer internal details were associated with greater symptom severity. The potential mechanisms underlying these bidirectional deficits and clinical implications are discussed.
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Hippocampal contributions to the episodic simulation of specific and general Future Events
Hippocampus, 2010Co-Authors: Donna Rose Addis, Theresa Cheng, Reece P. Roberts, Daniel L SchacterAbstract:Recent studies have demonstrated that remembering past experiences and imagining Future scenarios recruits a core network including the hippocampus. Even so, constructing Future Events engages the hippocampus more than remembering past Events. This fMRI study examined whether increased hippocampal activity for Future Events includes both specific and general Events. Participants constructed specific and general past and Future Events during fMRI scanning. We replicated previous findings of increased activity in the right anterior hippocampus when constructing Future relative to past Events, and when constructing specific relative to general Events. Importantly, both effects were driven by a significant interaction between temporal direction and specificity, with specific Future Events resulting in more activity than other conditions, including general Future Events. No regions exhibited greater activity during the construction of past relative to Future Events, or general relative to specific Events. These results suggest that the process of constructing a detailed representation of a novel and specific Future Event differentially engages the right anterior hippocampus compared with other forms of Event simulation and recall. Future work is needed to disambiguate the role of encoding, novelty and detail recombination in engaging the right anterior hippocampus during simulation.
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RAPID COMMUNICATION Hippocampal Contributions to the Episodic Simulation of Specific and General Future Events
2010Co-Authors: Donna Rose Addis, Theresa Cheng, Reece P. Roberts, Daniel L SchacterAbstract:Recent studies have demonstrated that remembering past experiences and imagining Future scenarios recruits a core network including the hippocampus. Even so, constructing Future Events engages the hippocampus more than remembering past Events. This fMRI study examined whether increased hippocampal activity for Future Events includes both specific and general Events. Participants constructed spe- cific and general past and Future Events during fMRI scanning. We repli- cated previous findings of increased activity in the right anterior hippo- campus when constructing Future relative to past Events, and when con- structing specific relative to general Events. Importantly, both effects were driven by a significant interaction between temporal direction and specificity, with specific Future Events resulting in more activity than other conditions, including general Future Events. No regions exhibited greater activity during the construction of past relative to Future Events, or general relative to specific Events. These results suggest that the pro- cess of constructing a detailed representation of a novel and specific Future Event differentially engages the right anterior hippocampus com- pared with other forms of Event simulation and recall. Future work is needed to disambiguate the role of encoding, novelty and detail recom- bination in engaging the right anterior hippocampus during simulation. V C
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On the nature of medial temporal lobe contributions to the constructive simulation of Future Events
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological sciences, 2009Co-Authors: Daniel L Schacter, Donna Rose AddisAbstract:A rapidly growing number of studies indicate that imagining or simulating possible Future Events depends on much of the same neural machinery as does remembering past Events. One especially striking finding is that the medial temporal lobe (MTL), which has long been linked to memory function, appears to be similarly engaged during Future Event simulation. This paper focuses on the role of two MTL regions—the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex—in thinking about the Future and building mental simulations.
Teresa Mccormack - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Searching and planning: young children's reasoning about past and Future Event sequences.
Child development, 2008Co-Authors: Kerry L. Mccolgan, Teresa MccormackAbstract:Six experiments examined children's ability to make inferences using temporal order information. Children completed versions of a task involving a toy zoo; one version required reasoning about past Events (search task) and the other required reasoning about Future Events (planning task). Children younger than 5 years failed both the search and the planning tasks, whereas 5-year-olds passed both (Experiments 1 and 2). However, when the number of Events in the sequence was reduced (Experiment 3), 4-year-olds were successful on the search task but not the planning task. Planning difficulties persisted even when relevant cues were provided (Experiments 4 and 5). Experiment 6 showed that improved performance on the search task found in Experiment 3 was not due to the removal of response ambiguity.
Peter G. Rendell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Improving prospective memory performance with Future Event simulation in traumatic brain injury patients.
The British journal of clinical psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Giovanna Mioni, Erica Bertucci, Antonella Rosato, Gill Terrett, Peter G. Rendell, Massimo Zamuner, Franca StablumAbstract:Objective Previous studies have shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients have difficulties with prospective memory (PM). Considering that PM is closely linked to independent living it is of primary interest to develop strategies that can improve PM performance in TBI patients. Method This study employed Virtual Week task as a measure of PM, and we included Future Event simulation to boost PM performance. Study 1 evaluated the efficacy of the strategy and investigated possible practice effects. Twenty-four healthy participants performed Virtual Week in a no strategy condition, and 24 healthy participants performed it in a mixed condition (no strategy – Future Event simulation). In Study 2, 18 TBI patients completed the mixed condition of Virtual Week and were compared with the 24 healthy controls who undertook the mixed condition of Virtual Week in Study 1. All participants also completed a neuropsychological evaluation to characterize the groups on level of cognitive functioning. Results Study 1 showed that participants in the Future Event simulation condition outperformed participants in the no strategy condition, and these results were not attributable to practice effects. Results of Study 2 showed that TBI patients performed PM tasks less accurately than controls, but that Future Event simulation can substantially reduce TBI-related deficits in PM performance. The Future Event simulation strategy also improved the controls’ PM performance. Conclusions These studies showed the value of Future Event simulation strategy in improving PM performance in healthy participants as well as in TBI patients. Practitioner points TBI patients performed PM tasks less accurately than controls, confirming prospective memory impairment in these patients. Participants in the Future Event simulation condition out-performed participants in the no strategy condition. Future Event simulation can substantially reduce TBI-related deficits in PM performance. Future Event simulation strategy also improved the controls’ PM performance.
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prospective memory impairments in heavy social drinkers are partially overcome by Future Event simulation
Psychopharmacology, 2016Co-Authors: Bradley Platt, Peter G. Rendell, Sunjeev K Kamboj, Tommaso Italiano, Valerie H CurranAbstract:Background Recent research suggests that alcohol acutely impairs prospective memory (PM), and this impairment can be overcome using a strategy called ‘Future Event simulation’ (FES). Impairment in Event-based PM found in detoxifying alcohol-dependent participants is reversed through FES. However, the impact of the most common problematic drinking patterns that do not involve alcohol dependence on PM remains unclear.
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prospective memory and Future Event simulation in individuals with alcohol dependence
Addiction, 2012Co-Authors: Alison Griffiths, Peter G. Rendell, Robert Hill, Celia J A Morgan, Khashayar Karimi, Shamil Wanagaratne, Valerie CurranAbstract:Aim: To assess objectively prospective memory (PM) performance of individuals with alcohol dependence and determine whether the use of an imagery technique at the point of encoding can enhance their performance. / Design: An independent group design was used to compare individuals with alcohol dependence with social drinkers. / Setting: One UK residential substance misuse service. / Participants: Twenty-four abstinent ‘individuals with alcohol dependence’ and 24 social drinkers matched on age, gender and years of education. Measurements: The virtual week (VW); story recall; a category fluency task; trail-making test (TMT); a single digit cancellation task (SDCT); spot-the-word; State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI); Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II); and the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SAD-Q). / Findings: Event-based PM task performance of individuals with alcohol dependence was associated strongly with indices of alcohol usage (P < 0.001), and was impaired significantly compared to that of social drinkers (P < 0.001). Imagining improved social drinkers' time-based PM but not that of individuals with alcohol dependence. / Conclusions: Individuals with alcohol dependence may experience prospective memory deficits which may be due to difficulties with effective strategy application.
Kana Imuta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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young children s capacity to seek information in preparation for a Future Event
Cognitive Development, 2021Co-Authors: Melissa Brinums, Jonathan Redshaw, Mark Nielsen, Thomas Suddendorf, Kana ImutaAbstract:Abstract Despite the wealth of research examining children’s Future-oriented cognition, little is known about the development of spontaneous information seeking behavior aimed at achieving Future goals. Here we present a first experiment directly investigating the emergence of such behavior in 4- to 7-year-old children. We presented children with two sets of cards: one with target information that they were told they would be tested on in the Future, and a second set with distractor information that they were told had no Future purpose. Without being provided instructions on which information to memorize, children were then given time to study the cards in preparation for the Future Event. The 6- and 7-year-olds, but not the 4- and 5-year-olds, spent significantly more time attending to target cards than distractor cards. While only a minority of children used overt learning strategies (e.g., verbal rehearsal, self-testing), the number of children who did so increased with age.
