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Camargo, Anna Carla Lima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Partição de nicho isotópico por pequenos mamíferos em formações florestais de uma savana neotropical
2016Co-Authors: Camargo, Anna Carla LimaAbstract:A diferenciação das espécies quanto aos nichos ecológicos indica os mecanismos que possibilitam a coexistência de espécies similares. Pequenos mamíferos particionam recursos principalmente por meio da segregação nas dimensões alimentares e espaciais. Em florestas, a ocorrência de espécies relacionadas à complexidade estrutural pode resultar em mais nichos ecológicos. O Cerrado (savana neotropical) possui florestas estruturalmente distintas, como cerradão e mata de galeria. Essas características permitem a avaliação da partição de recursos por pequenos mamíferos entre fitofisionomias com comunidades similares, porém complexidades distintas. Usando isótopos estáveis de 13C e 15N, caracterizei a assimilação isotópica das espécies de pequenos mamíferos e comparei a partição de nicho isotópico entre conjuntos similares de espécies presentes nas duas fitofisionomias considerando que a mata de galeria é mais complexa estruturalmente. As espécies em ambas fitofisionomias demonstraram ser onívoras, diferenciando-se na proporção em que assimilam alimentos de origem vegetal e animal. Os marsupiais Didelphis albiventris, Gracilinanus agilis e Caluromys lanatus assimilaram mais artrópodes, enquanto que os roedores Rhipidomys macrurus, Hylaeamys megacephalus e Proechimys roberti assimilaram proporções similares de material vegetal e animal e os roedores Oecomys bicolor e Oligoryzomys nigripes assimilaram uma proporção maior de material vegetal com sinal de plantas C3 e C4. Roedores apresentaram maior amplitude de nicho isotópico em matas de galeria enquanto que marsupiais apresentaram menor amplitude de nicho nessas matas comparado com o cerradão. A comunidade de pequenos mamíferos de cerradão apresentou uma maior amplitude de δ15N (δ15N range), bem como maior amplitude geral e menor sobreposição de nicho isotópico em comparação com a comunidade da mata de galeria. Caluromys lanatus assimilou proporção maior de recursos de origem animal que o esperado, provavelmente devido ao consumo eventual de pequenos vertebrados. O sinal C4 das espécies O. bicolor e O. nigripes evidenciou o possível uso das áreas de campo próximas ou de clareiras nas matas de galeria por essas espécies. A menor amplitude total de nicho isotópico detectada na comunidade de pequenos mamíferos em mata de galeria contrariou minha expectativa inicial. Esse resultado pode ser devido às diferenças nas assinaturas isotópicas das plantas em cada tipo florestal. Apesar de ser menos complexo estruturalmente, o cerradão é mais heterogêneo e pode apresentar diversidade maior de plantas isotopicamente distintas que a mata de galeria. Esse padrão, por sua vez, é refletido na assinatura isotópica de invertebrados e de pequenos mamíferos. As maiores amplitudes de nicho dos roedores em mata de galeria comparada com àquelas apresentadas pelas mesmas espécies em cerradão refletem o consumo de uma diversidade maior de recursos isotopicamente distintos na mata de galeria. Isso indica que esse grupo apresenta maior plasticidade no uso de recursos alimentares que os marsupiais, e que a disponibilidade e diversidade de recursos no ambiente influencia a utilização de recursos e consequentemente a assimilação isotópica pelos pequenos mamíferos de florestas do Cerrado. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTThe differentiation of species regarding ecological niches indicates the mechanisms that allow the coexistence of similar species. Small mammals partition resources mostly through segregation on both food and spatial dimensions. In forests, the occurrence of species associated with structural complexity may result in more ecological niches. The Cerrado biome (neotropical savanna) possesses structurally distinct forests, such as cerradão (woodland forests) and gallery forests. These distinct characteristics allow comparisons of small-mammal resource partitioning between phytophysiognomies with similar communities but with distinct structural complexities. Using 13C and 15N stable isotopes, I described isotopic assimilation of small-mammal species and compared the partitioning of isotopic niche between similar groups of species that occurred in both forest types, considering that gallery forests are structurally more complex than woodland forests. Species in both phytophysiognomies were omnivores, differing on the proportion at which they assimilate food resources from plant or animal origin. The marsupials Didelphis albiventris, Gracilinanus agilis, and Caluromys lanatus assimilated more arthropods, whereas the rodents Rhipidomys macrurus, Hylaeamys megacephalus, and Proechimys roberti assimilated similar proportions of plant and animal sources; and the rodents Oecomys bicolor and Oligoryzomys nigripes assimilated larger proportions of plant material with isotopic signals from both C3 and C4 plants. Rodents presented larger isotopic niche amplitude in gallery forests, whereas marsupials presented narrower niche amplitude in these forests compared to cerradão. The cerradão small mammal assemblage presented higher δ15N range, increased general isotopic niche (TA) and decreased overlap in comparison to the gallery forest assemblage. Caluromys lanatus assimilated larger proportions of animal-origin resources than expected, probably due to eventual consumption of small vertebrates. The C4 isotopic signature of O. bicolor and O. nigripes species indicated a possible use of nearby grassland areas or forest gaps by these species. The smaller general isotopic niche width that I observed in the gallery forest small-mammal community contradicted my initial expectation. This result may be due to differences on plant isotopic signatures between forest formations. Although less structurally complex, the cerradão is more heterogeneous and may present higher diversity of isotopically distinct plants in comparison to gallery forest. This pattern, in turn, is reflected on invertebrates and small mammals’ isotopic signatures. Increased rodents’ isotopic niches in gallery forests compared to those presented by the same species in cerradão reflect the consumption of a larger diversity of isotopically distinct resources in gallery forest. This indicates a larger plasticity on the use of food resources by this group in comparison to the marsupials and also that both resource availability and diversity influence resource use and consequently isotopic assimilation by small mammals in Cerrado forests
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Partição de nicho isotópico por pequenos mamíferos em formações florestais de uma savana neotropical
'Biblioteca Central da UNB', 2016Co-Authors: Camargo, Anna Carla LimaAbstract:Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, 2016.A diferenciação das espécies quanto aos nichos ecológicos indica os mecanismos que possibilitam a coexistência de espécies similares. Pequenos mamíferos particionam recursos principalmente por meio da segregação nas dimensões alimentares e espaciais. Em florestas, a ocorrência de espécies relacionadas à complexidade estrutural pode resultar em mais nichos ecológicos. O Cerrado (savana neotropical) possui florestas estruturalmente distintas, como cerradão e mata de galeria. Essas características permitem a avaliação da partição de recursos por pequenos mamíferos entre fitofisionomias com comunidades similares, porém complexidades distintas. Usando isótopos estáveis de 13C e 15N, caracterizei a assimilação isotópica das espécies de pequenos mamíferos e comparei a partição de nicho isotópico entre conjuntos similares de espécies presentes nas duas fitofisionomias considerando que a mata de galeria é mais complexa estruturalmente. As espécies em ambas fitofisionomias demonstraram ser onívoras, diferenciando-se na proporção em que assimilam alimentos de origem vegetal e animal. Os marsupiais Didelphis albiventris, Gracilinanus agilis e Caluromys lanatus assimilaram mais artrópodes, enquanto que os roedores Rhipidomys macrurus, Hylaeamys megacephalus e Proechimys roberti assimilaram proporções similares de material vegetal e animal e os roedores Oecomys bicolor e Oligoryzomys nigripes assimilaram uma proporção maior de material vegetal com sinal de plantas C3 e C4. Roedores apresentaram maior amplitude de nicho isotópico em matas de galeria enquanto que marsupiais apresentaram menor amplitude de nicho nessas matas comparado com o cerradão. A comunidade de pequenos mamíferos de cerradão apresentou uma maior amplitude de δ15N (δ15N range), bem como maior amplitude geral e menor sobreposição de nicho isotópico em comparação com a comunidade da mata de galeria. Caluromys lanatus assimilou proporção maior de recursos de origem animal que o esperado, provavelmente devido ao consumo eventual de pequenos vertebrados. O sinal C4 das espécies O. bicolor e O. nigripes evidenciou o possível uso das áreas de campo próximas ou de clareiras nas matas de galeria por essas espécies. A menor amplitude total de nicho isotópico detectada na comunidade de pequenos mamíferos em mata de galeria contrariou minha expectativa inicial. Esse resultado pode ser devido às diferenças nas assinaturas isotópicas das plantas em cada tipo florestal. Apesar de ser menos complexo estruturalmente, o cerradão é mais heterogêneo e pode apresentar diversidade maior de plantas isotopicamente distintas que a mata de galeria. Esse padrão, por sua vez, é refletido na assinatura isotópica de invertebrados e de pequenos mamíferos. As maiores amplitudes de nicho dos roedores em mata de galeria comparada com àquelas apresentadas pelas mesmas espécies em cerradão refletem o consumo de uma diversidade maior de recursos isotopicamente distintos na mata de galeria. Isso indica que esse grupo apresenta maior plasticidade no uso de recursos alimentares que os marsupiais, e que a disponibilidade e diversidade de recursos no ambiente influencia a utilização de recursos e consequentemente a assimilação isotópica pelos pequenos mamíferos de florestas do Cerrado.The differentiation of species regarding ecological niches indicates the mechanisms that allow the coexistence of similar species. Small mammals partition resources mostly through segregation on both food and spatial dimensions. In forests, the occurrence of species associated with structural complexity may result in more ecological niches. The Cerrado biome (neotropical savanna) possesses structurally distinct forests, such as cerradão (woodland forests) and gallery forests. These distinct characteristics allow comparisons of small-mammal resource partitioning between phytophysiognomies with similar communities but with distinct structural complexities. Using 13C and 15N stable isotopes, I described isotopic assimilation of small-mammal species and compared the partitioning of isotopic niche between similar groups of species that occurred in both forest types, considering that gallery forests are structurally more complex than woodland forests. Species in both phytophysiognomies were omnivores, differing on the proportion at which they assimilate food resources from plant or animal origin. The marsupials Didelphis albiventris, Gracilinanus agilis, and Caluromys lanatus assimilated more arthropods, whereas the rodents Rhipidomys macrurus, Hylaeamys megacephalus, and Proechimys roberti assimilated similar proportions of plant and animal sources; and the rodents Oecomys bicolor and Oligoryzomys nigripes assimilated larger proportions of plant material with isotopic signals from both C3 and C4 plants. Rodents presented larger isotopic niche amplitude in gallery forests, whereas marsupials presented narrower niche amplitude in these forests compared to cerradão. The cerradão small mammal assemblage presented higher δ15N range, increased general isotopic niche (TA) and decreased overlap in comparison to the gallery forest assemblage. Caluromys lanatus assimilated larger proportions of animal-origin resources than expected, probably due to eventual consumption of small vertebrates. The C4 isotopic signature of O. bicolor and O. nigripes species indicated a possible use of nearby grassland areas or forest gaps by these species. The smaller general isotopic niche width that I observed in the gallery forest small-mammal community contradicted my initial expectation. This result may be due to differences on plant isotopic signatures between forest formations. Although less structurally complex, the cerradão is more heterogeneous and may present higher diversity of isotopically distinct plants in comparison to gallery forest. This pattern, in turn, is reflected on invertebrates and small mammals’ isotopic signatures. Increased rodents’ isotopic niches in gallery forests compared to those presented by the same species in cerradão reflect the consumption of a larger diversity of isotopically distinct resources in gallery forest. This indicates a larger plasticity on the use of food resources by this group in comparison to the marsupials and also that both resource availability and diversity influence resource use and consequently isotopic assimilation by small mammals in Cerrado forests
Raffaele Sardella - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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comment on reassessing the sedimentary deposits and vertebrate assemblages from ponte galeria area rome central italy an archive for the middle pleistocene faunas of europe by f marra l pandolfi c petronio g di stefano m gaeta and l salari earth science reviews 139 2014 104 122
Earth-Science Reviews, 2015Co-Authors: Raffaele Sardella, C Bedetti, Dawid A Iurino, Marco Pavia, Luca BellucciAbstract:Abstract Recently, Marra et al. (2014) published an articulate revision on the Pleistocene sedimentary sequences and vertebrate assemblages from the Ponte Galeria area (Roma, Italy). However, in our opinion, some important palaeontological data are missing or incorrectly reported. The aim of this Comment is to provide crucial elements and put in evidence the shortcomings to the study of this classical palaeontological site.
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coupling basin infill history and mammal biochronology in a pleistocene intramontane basin the case of western l aquila basin central apennines italy
Quaternary International, 2012Co-Authors: Marco Mancini, Carmelo Petronio, Leonardo Salari, Giuseppe Cavuoto, Luca Pandolfi, Raffaele SardellaAbstract:The western L’Aquila Basin recorded in Quaternary times two well distinguished phases of intramontane basin fill, concomitant with uplift of Central Apennines and characterized by diverse Large Mammal assemblages. The first phase was dominated by alluvial fan and lacustrine-palustrine sedimentation, respectively Gelasian and Calabrian in age, that took place within an internally-drained, fault controlled, hydrographic system. A late Villafranchian-earliest Galerian Large Mammal assemblage, approximately 1.3e1.1 Ma, pertains to this phase and includes: Mammuthus meridionalis, Stephanorhinus etruscus and the large cervid Arvernoceros aff. A. giulii. The second phase of filling, Middle Pleistocene to Holocene in age, is dominated by fluvial sedimentation, which is related to a through-going fluvial system developed after the emptying of the former lake. A middle Galerian Large Mammal assemblage, approximately 600 ka, comes from the oldest deposits of this phase. Biochronological data help date steps of geological and morphological evolution in an intramontane setting, and permit to temporally constrain the major change in local hydrography and sedimentation at the Early-Middle Pleistocene transition. This change was likely forced by an increment of uplift rates, which is well recorded along the axial range and peripheral belts of the Apennines. 2011 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA.
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BIOCHRONOLOGY OF THE PLEISTOCENE MAMMAL FAUNA FROM PONTE GALERIA (ROME) AND REMARKS ON THE MIDDLE GALERIAN FAUNAS
Rivista Italiana Di Paleontologia E Stratigrafia, 1999Co-Authors: Carmelo Petronio, Raffaele SardellaAbstract:Taking into account the fossil mammal material recently discovered at Cava di Breccia (sands outcropping at Ponte Galeria, Rome), the revised fossils from the area and the updated stratigraphical settings of the Ponte Galeria Formation (Rome), the Authors discuss the biochronology of the Middle Galerian faunal assemblages with a new definition of its Faunal Units. 1) The mammal fauna of Isernia in our opinion is strongly conditioned by palaeoenvironmental factors and by human influence. The occurrence at Isernia La Pineta of the rodent Arvicola cantiana, which was widespread in Western Europe from 0.6 MA, does not match with the biochronology of the fauna and with the absolute dating (0.736 MA). A new radiometric dating will be useful to determine the age of the Isernia La Pineta local fauna, which can be considered younger than 0.736 MA on the basis of its faunal assemblage. 2) The age of the faunal assemblage of Ponte Galeria is between 0.8 and 0.75 MA, approximately in correspondence with the Brunhes-Matuyama paleomagnetic reversal event. The first occurrence of Bos galerianus and Megaloceros savini testifies a faunal renewal in comparison with the faunal assemblage of Slivia. The megacerine cervids from Ponte Galeria are more primitive than those from Isernia La Pineta and Venosa-Notarchirico. The Ponte Galeria local fauna has to be considered as a distinct Faunal Unit, younger than Slivia F.U. and older than the Isernia La Pineta fauna. SHORT NOTE
Victor Ibrahim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laccase production by Galerina sp and its application in dye decolorization
Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research, 2014Co-Authors: Laura Mendoza, Victor Ibrahim, Maria Teresa Alvarez, Rajni Hattikaul, Gashaw MamoAbstract:The laccase producing fungus HC1 was isolated from a sample collected in the Bolivian Amazon region. Analysis of 5.8S and 28S rDNA, and internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 sequences revealed that isolate HC1 belongs to genus Galerina. High production of laccase was achieved in basal salt medium supplemented with 30 g L-1 glucose, 10 g L-1 yeast extract and 0.01 g L-1 copper sulphate. The enzyme production was further improved by addition of 2,5-xylidine, α-benzoin oxime and p-coumaric acid, but strongly repressed by sinapyl alcohol, 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid, hydroquinone, 1-naphthale-neacetic acid, 2,6-dichlorophenol and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone. Cultivation under optimum conditions in the presence of 2 mmol L-1 2,5-xylidine and 0.01 g L-1 copper sulphate, resulted in the enzyme yield of over 26 000 U L-1. Galerina sp. HC1 could also produce laccase in media composed of orange peels both in submerged- and solid-state fermentations. The laccase (0.5 U ml-1) from Galerina sp. was able to decolorize over 60% of 35 μmol L-1 Congo red in 2 h in the presence of 2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt as mediator, and 65% of 30 µmol L-1 Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 in 5 min using syringaldehyde as mediator. The laccase was immobilized on cross-linked chitosan and used efficiently to decolorize the dyes. Key words: Oxidase, inducer, immobilized enzyme, enzyme production, solid-state cultivation.
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Laccase catalysed oxidation of syringic acid: calorimetric determination of kinetic parameters.
Enzyme and microbial technology, 2012Co-Authors: Natalia Volkova, Victor Ibrahim, Rajni Hatti-kaulAbstract:Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was used to study the oxidation of syringic acid by laccases from two different sources: Galerina sp. HC1 and Trametes versicolor. Total molar heat of reaction with both enzymes was similar (230 kJ/mol for Galerina laccase and 233 kJ/mol for Trametes laccase), and was independent of syringic acid concentration. The kinetic parameters of the reaction were calculated from the single injection assay by applying the nonlinear least squares fitting (NLSF) of experimental data to the Michaelis-Menten equation. Higher values for V(max) were obtained with Galerina sp. laccase, whereas K(m) values were comparable for the two enzymes.
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blue laccase from Galerina sp properties and potential for kraft lignin demethylation
Process Biochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Victor Ibrahim, Laura Mendoza, Gashaw Mamo, Rajni HattikaulAbstract:We purified a laccase isoenzyme, Lad 1 from Galerina sp. HC1 using a combination of anion exchange- and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Lad l has a molecular mass of 64 kDa, an isoelectric point of 4, and 3.35 copper atoms/enzyme molecule. The enzyme has features typical of fungal blue laccases. The sequences of two internal peptides were highly similar to reported laccase sequences from other fungi such as Trametes sp. Lad 1 exhibited optimal activity on substrate 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) at pH 3 and 60 degrees C. It had high stability at Sn2+ > Hg2+. The laccase efficiently catalyzed demethylation of eucalyptus hard wood Kraft lignin. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (Less)
Laura Mendoza - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laccase production by Galerina sp and its application in dye decolorization
Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research, 2014Co-Authors: Laura Mendoza, Victor Ibrahim, Maria Teresa Alvarez, Rajni Hattikaul, Gashaw MamoAbstract:The laccase producing fungus HC1 was isolated from a sample collected in the Bolivian Amazon region. Analysis of 5.8S and 28S rDNA, and internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 sequences revealed that isolate HC1 belongs to genus Galerina. High production of laccase was achieved in basal salt medium supplemented with 30 g L-1 glucose, 10 g L-1 yeast extract and 0.01 g L-1 copper sulphate. The enzyme production was further improved by addition of 2,5-xylidine, α-benzoin oxime and p-coumaric acid, but strongly repressed by sinapyl alcohol, 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid, hydroquinone, 1-naphthale-neacetic acid, 2,6-dichlorophenol and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone. Cultivation under optimum conditions in the presence of 2 mmol L-1 2,5-xylidine and 0.01 g L-1 copper sulphate, resulted in the enzyme yield of over 26 000 U L-1. Galerina sp. HC1 could also produce laccase in media composed of orange peels both in submerged- and solid-state fermentations. The laccase (0.5 U ml-1) from Galerina sp. was able to decolorize over 60% of 35 μmol L-1 Congo red in 2 h in the presence of 2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt as mediator, and 65% of 30 µmol L-1 Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 in 5 min using syringaldehyde as mediator. The laccase was immobilized on cross-linked chitosan and used efficiently to decolorize the dyes. Key words: Oxidase, inducer, immobilized enzyme, enzyme production, solid-state cultivation.
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blue laccase from Galerina sp properties and potential for kraft lignin demethylation
Process Biochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Victor Ibrahim, Laura Mendoza, Gashaw Mamo, Rajni HattikaulAbstract:We purified a laccase isoenzyme, Lad 1 from Galerina sp. HC1 using a combination of anion exchange- and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Lad l has a molecular mass of 64 kDa, an isoelectric point of 4, and 3.35 copper atoms/enzyme molecule. The enzyme has features typical of fungal blue laccases. The sequences of two internal peptides were highly similar to reported laccase sequences from other fungi such as Trametes sp. Lad 1 exhibited optimal activity on substrate 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) at pH 3 and 60 degrees C. It had high stability at Sn2+ > Hg2+. The laccase efficiently catalyzed demethylation of eucalyptus hard wood Kraft lignin. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (Less)
Rajni Hattikaul - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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laccase production by Galerina sp and its application in dye decolorization
Journal of Yeast and Fungal Research, 2014Co-Authors: Laura Mendoza, Victor Ibrahim, Maria Teresa Alvarez, Rajni Hattikaul, Gashaw MamoAbstract:The laccase producing fungus HC1 was isolated from a sample collected in the Bolivian Amazon region. Analysis of 5.8S and 28S rDNA, and internal transcribed spacer 1 and 2 sequences revealed that isolate HC1 belongs to genus Galerina. High production of laccase was achieved in basal salt medium supplemented with 30 g L-1 glucose, 10 g L-1 yeast extract and 0.01 g L-1 copper sulphate. The enzyme production was further improved by addition of 2,5-xylidine, α-benzoin oxime and p-coumaric acid, but strongly repressed by sinapyl alcohol, 3-(dimethylamino)benzoic acid, hydroquinone, 1-naphthale-neacetic acid, 2,6-dichlorophenol and 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone. Cultivation under optimum conditions in the presence of 2 mmol L-1 2,5-xylidine and 0.01 g L-1 copper sulphate, resulted in the enzyme yield of over 26 000 U L-1. Galerina sp. HC1 could also produce laccase in media composed of orange peels both in submerged- and solid-state fermentations. The laccase (0.5 U ml-1) from Galerina sp. was able to decolorize over 60% of 35 μmol L-1 Congo red in 2 h in the presence of 2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt as mediator, and 65% of 30 µmol L-1 Coomassie Brilliant Blue G-250 in 5 min using syringaldehyde as mediator. The laccase was immobilized on cross-linked chitosan and used efficiently to decolorize the dyes. Key words: Oxidase, inducer, immobilized enzyme, enzyme production, solid-state cultivation.
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blue laccase from Galerina sp properties and potential for kraft lignin demethylation
Process Biochemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Victor Ibrahim, Laura Mendoza, Gashaw Mamo, Rajni HattikaulAbstract:We purified a laccase isoenzyme, Lad 1 from Galerina sp. HC1 using a combination of anion exchange- and hydrophobic interaction chromatography. Lad l has a molecular mass of 64 kDa, an isoelectric point of 4, and 3.35 copper atoms/enzyme molecule. The enzyme has features typical of fungal blue laccases. The sequences of two internal peptides were highly similar to reported laccase sequences from other fungi such as Trametes sp. Lad 1 exhibited optimal activity on substrate 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) at pH 3 and 60 degrees C. It had high stability at Sn2+ > Hg2+. The laccase efficiently catalyzed demethylation of eucalyptus hard wood Kraft lignin. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. (Less)
