The Experts below are selected from a list of 1125159 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Wouter Koek - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cataleptic effects of γ hydroxybutyrate ghb and baclofen in mice mediation by gabab receptors but differential enhancement by n methyl d aspartate nmda receptor antagonists
Psychopharmacology, 2008Co-Authors: Wouter KoekAbstract:Rationale Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog that is used to treat narcolepsy but that is also abused. GHB has many actions in common with the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen, but their underlying GABAB receptor mechanisms may be different.
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cataleptic effects of γ hydroxybutyrate ghb its precursor γ butyrolactone gbl and gabab receptor agonists in mice differential antagonism by the gabab receptor antagonist cgp35348
Psychopharmacology, 2007Co-Authors: Wouter Koek, Susan L Mercer, Andrew CoopAbstract:Rationale Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is used to treat narcolepsy but is also abused. GHB has many actions in common with the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen.
Bruno Megarbane - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the clinical toxicology of gamma hydroxybutyrate gamma butyrolactone and 1 4 butanediol
Clinical Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Leo J Schep, Kai Knudsen, Robin J Slaughter, Allister J Vale, Bruno MegarbaneAbstract:Introduction. Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursors, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD), are drugs of abuse which act primarily as central nervous system (CNS) depressants. In recent years, the rising recreational use of these drugs has led to an increasing burden upon health care providers. Understanding their toxicity is therefore essential for the successful management of intoxicated patients. We review the epidemiology, mechanisms of toxicity, toxicokinetics, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of poisoning due to GHB and its analogs and discuss the features and management of GHB withdrawal. Methods. OVID MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science databases were searched using the terms “GHB,” “Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate,” “gamma-hydroxybutyric acid,” “4-hydroxybutanoic acid,” “sodium oxybate,” “gamma-butyrolactone,” “GBL,” “1,4-butanediol,” and “1,4-BD” alone and in combination with the keywords “pharmacokinetics,” “kinetics,” “poisoning,” “poison,” “toxicity,” “ingestion,” “adver...
Leo J Schep - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the clinical toxicology of gamma hydroxybutyrate gamma butyrolactone and 1 4 butanediol
Clinical Toxicology, 2012Co-Authors: Leo J Schep, Kai Knudsen, Robin J Slaughter, Allister J Vale, Bruno MegarbaneAbstract:Introduction. Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursors, gamma-butyrolactone (GBL) and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD), are drugs of abuse which act primarily as central nervous system (CNS) depressants. In recent years, the rising recreational use of these drugs has led to an increasing burden upon health care providers. Understanding their toxicity is therefore essential for the successful management of intoxicated patients. We review the epidemiology, mechanisms of toxicity, toxicokinetics, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of poisoning due to GHB and its analogs and discuss the features and management of GHB withdrawal. Methods. OVID MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science databases were searched using the terms “GHB,” “Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate,” “gamma-hydroxybutyric acid,” “4-hydroxybutanoic acid,” “sodium oxybate,” “gamma-butyrolactone,” “GBL,” “1,4-butanediol,” and “1,4-BD” alone and in combination with the keywords “pharmacokinetics,” “kinetics,” “poisoning,” “poison,” “toxicity,” “ingestion,” “adver...
Andrew Coop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cataleptic effects of γ hydroxybutyrate ghb its precursor γ butyrolactone gbl and gabab receptor agonists in mice differential antagonism by the gabab receptor antagonist cgp35348
Psychopharmacology, 2007Co-Authors: Wouter Koek, Susan L Mercer, Andrew CoopAbstract:Rationale Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is used to treat narcolepsy but is also abused. GHB has many actions in common with the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen.
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Effects of combining ethanol (EtOH) with Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) on the discriminative stimulus, locomotor, and motor-impairing functions of GHB in mice.
Psychopharmacology, 2006Co-Authors: Charles D. Cook, Andrew Coop, Laura Biddlestone, Patrick M. BeardsleyAbstract:Rationale Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a drug of abuse that is often coabused with ethanol (EtOH) and has been implicated as a date rape agent in conjunction with EtOH. Much information is lacking regarding the manner in which GHB interacts with EtOH.
Bruce A Hyma - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gamma hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome
Annals of Emergency Medicine, 2001Co-Authors: Jo Ellen Dyer, Brett A Roth, Bruce A HymaAbstract:Abstract Study Objective: Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) withdrawal syndrome is increasingly encountered in emergency departments among patients presenting for health care after discontinuing frequent GHB use. This report describes the characteristics, course, and symptoms of this syndrome. Methods: A retrospective review of poison center records identified 7 consecutive cases in which patients reporting excessive GHB use were admitted for symptoms consistent with a sedative withdrawal syndrome. One additional case identified by a medical examiner was brought to our attention. These medical records were reviewed extracting demographic information, reason for presentation and use, concurrent drug use, toxicology screenings, and the onset and duration of clinical signs and symptoms. Results: Eight patients had a prolonged withdrawal course after discontinuing chronic use of GHB. All patients in this series were psychotic and severely agitated, requiring physical restraint and sedation. Cardiovascular effects included mild tachycardia and hypertension. Neurologic effects of prolonged delirium with auditory and visual hallucinations became episodic as the syndrome waned. Diaphoresis, nausea, and vomiting occurred less frequently. The onset of withdrawal symptoms in these patients was rapid (1 to 6 hours after the last dose) and symptoms were prolonged (5 to 15 days). One death occurred on hospital day 13 as withdrawal symptoms were resolving. Conclusion: In our patients, severe GHB dependence followed frequent ingestion every 1 to 3 hours around-the-clock. The withdrawal syndrome was accompanied initially by symptoms of anxiety, insomnia, and tremor that developed soon after GHB discontinuation. These initial symptoms may progress to severe delirium with autonomic instability. [Dyer JE, Roth B, Hyma BA. Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate withdrawal syndrome. Ann Emerg Med. February 2001;37:147-153.]
