The Experts below are selected from a list of 2289 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Georgia Thebault - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
gender stereotypes can explain the gender equality paradox
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Thomas Breda, Elyes Jouini, Clotilde Napp, Georgia ThebaultAbstract:The so-called "gender-equality paradox" is the fact that gender segregation across occupations is more pronounced in more egalitarian and more developed countries. Some scholars have explained this paradox by the existence of deeply rooted or intrinsic gender differences in preferences that materialize more easily in countries where economic constraints are more limited. In line with a strand of research in sociology, we show instead that it can be explained by cross-country differences in essentialist gender norms regarding math aptitudes and appropriate occupational choices. To this aim, we propose a measure of the prevalence and extent of internalization of the stereotype that "math is not for girls" at the country level. This is done using individual-level data on the math attitudes of 300,000 15-y-old female and male students in 64 countries. The stereotype associating math to men is stronger in more egalitarian and developed countries. It is also strongly associated with various measures of female underrepresentation in math-intensive fields and can therefore entirely explain the gender-equality paradox. We suggest that economic development and gender equality in rights go hand-in-hand with a reshaping rather than a suppression of gender norms, with the emergence of new and more horizontal forms of social differentiation across genders.
-
gender stereotypes can explain the gender equality paradox
Research Papers in Economics, 2020Co-Authors: Thomas Breda, Elyes Jouini, Clotilde Napp, Georgia ThebaultAbstract:The so-called "gender-equality paradox" is the fact that gender segregation across occupations is more pronounced in more egalitarian and more developed countries. Some scholars have explained this paradox by the existence of deeply rooted or intrinsic gender differences in preferences that materialize more easily in countries where economic constraints are more limited. In line with a strand of research in sociology, we show instead that it can be explained by cross-country differences in essentialist gender norms regarding math aptitudes and appropriate occupational choices. To this aim, we propose a measure of the prevalence and extent of internalization of the stereotype that "math is not for girls" at the country level. This is done using individual-level data on the math attitudes of 300,000 15-year-old female and male students in 64 countries. The stereotype associating math to men is stronger in more egalitarian and developed countries. It is also strongly associated with various measures of female underrepresentation in math intensive fields and can therefore entirely explain the gender-equality paradox. We suggest that economic development and gender equality in rights go hand-in-hand with a reshaping rather than a suppression of gender norms, with the emergence of new and more horizontal forms of social differentiation across genders.
Emrah Torlak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
seasonal variations on total fatty acid composition of fillets of zander sander lucioperca in beysehir lake turkey
Food Chemistry, 2007Co-Authors: Gokalp Ozmen Guler, Abdurrahman Aktumsek, O B Citil, A Arslan, Emrah TorlakAbstract:Abstract Seasonal variations on total fatty acid compositions of zander, Sander lucioperca in Beysehir Lake, were determined by using GC. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were found to be higher than saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in all seasons. Palmitic acid was the major SFA (57.0–64.0% of total SFA) in all seasons. Oleic acid was identified as the major MUFA (45.0–58.0% of total MUFAs). Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), linoleic acid (LA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and arachidonic acid (AA) were the most abundant PUFA. Relating to the total fatty acid composition of zander, the percentages of DHA, LA, AA, and EPA ranged between 17.1–23.3%, 5.40–15.4%, 6.72–9.94% and 4.22–5.93% of total lipid, respectively. The percentages of total ω 3 fatty acid were higher than those of total ω 6 fatty acid in the fatty acid composition of zander with ω 3/ ω 6 ratios of 1.49, 1.45, 1.22, 0.72 in spring, autumn, winter, and summer, respectively. It was shown that the fatty acid composition and ω 3/ ω 6 fatty acids ratio in the muscle of zander were significantly influenced by spawning and season.
S J Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
a diagnostic method for Gander selection in zi geese anser cygnoides l and rhin geese anser anser l using massage reaction and semen quality
Animal Production Science, 2014Co-Authors: S J LiuAbstract:The objective of this study was to score reactions to artificial semen collection procedures and to develop an efficient method for Gander selection in two original geese breeds. One-hundred and three Zi geese and 110 Rhin geese were used. Gander reaction scores to massage and semen quality parameters were investigated in 10 Zi and 10 Rhin Ganders during a complete reproductive season. The relationships between average Gander massage reaction score and semen quality were evaluated. After natural mating, egg fertility comparison between Zi Ganders selected by massage reaction scores and those not subjected to selection were investigated. Ganders exhibited large variations in artificial semen collection and semen characteristics between breeds. Only 30.1% (31/103) of Zi geese and 46.3% (51/110) of Rhin geese had stable positive massage reactions with semen ejaculation (P < 0.05). Average massage reaction score, ejaculate volume, spermatozoa concentration, sperm motility and semen quality factor for single ejaculate were significantly higher in Zi than in Rhin geese. There was a high correlation between average massage reaction score and semen volume, being 0.87 for Zi geese (P < 0.05) and 0.82 for Rhin (P < 0.05), and this correlation enabled pre-selection of Ganders at the beginning of the breeding season. Reproductive efficiency could be improved with massage-selected Ganders in natural breeding flocks. Examination of Gander massage reaction scores combined with laboratory assessment of semen quality early in the breeding season is a feasible method for predicting fertilising capability of Ganders.
Aygul Kucukgulmez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
research note a comparison of the chemical composition of zander sander lucioperca living in different lakes of turkey
Journal of Muscle Foods, 2009Co-Authors: Abdullah Oksuz, Aygul Kucukgulmez, Abdullah Diler, Mehmet Celik, Esra KoyuncuAbstract:In the present work, the proximate compositions, minerals and trace element contents of zander (Sander lucioperca) caught from two lakes (Beysehir Lake and Seyhan Dam Lake) of Turkey were compared. There were significant differences between moisture and lipid contents, although there were no statistically significant differences between crude protein and ash contents. The mineral and trace elements determined were Na, K, Ca, P, Mg, Zn, Cu, Fe, Pb and Se. Although Na and Fe contents of zanders in two different lakes were different from each other (P 0.01). Among the minerals analyzed, K was the highest followed by P, Ca, Na and Mg. The most abundant trace elements were Zn, Fe, Cu, Se followed by Pb, and these elements were below the limits proposed by Turkish Food Codes for human consumption in the meat of zander. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS This present study includes information about the nutritional value of zander, which lives in the fresh water lakes of our country and of which people are fond and is being exported. The comparison of the proximate, mineral and trace element contents of the same species which are caught in two different lakes has been made. In the scope of human nutrition, in accordance with the minerals which have got much importance, it involves useful information about what the position of this fish is, and whether it contains any risk due to trace elements. Furthermore, concerning this subject, it will also light the way for studies to be made in the future.
-
a comparison of the proximate compositions and fatty acid profiles of zander sander lucioperca from two different regions and climatic conditions
Food Chemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Mehmet Celik, Abdullah Diler, Aygul KucukgulmezAbstract:Abstract The proximate compositions and fatty acid profiles of the flesh of the fresh water fish zander ( Sander lucioperca ) obtained from Egirdir Lake and from Seyhan Dam Lake were compared. The crude protein (18.8–18.1%), ash (1.37–0.75), and dry matter (20.67–20.09) contents of fish in Seyhan Dam Lake were observed to be higher than those in the other lake. Zander in Seyhan Dam Lake had a significantly ( p n − 9, (19.2–13.4%). The data obtained indicate that the % composition of n − 3 PUFAs is greater in the flesh of zander in Egirdir Lake. This finding is in compliance with the fact that n − 3 fatty acids in fish living in cold climatic conditions have a higher % composition. It was concluded that the consumption of zander, widely found in Egirdir Lake and having higher % composition of n − 3 PUFAs than those caught from Seyhan Dam Lake, is more beneficial for human health.
Daria Mendola - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
what is your couple type gender ideology housework sharing and babies
Demographic Research, 2015Co-Authors: Arnstein Aassve, Giulia Fuochi, Letizia Mencarini, Daria MendolaAbstract:AbstractBACKGROUNDIt is increasingly acknowledged that not only gender equality but also gender ideology plays a role in explaining fertility in advanced societies. In a micro perspective, the potential mismatch between gender equality (i.e., the actual sharing taking place in a couple) and gender ideology (i.e., attitudes and beliefs regarding gender roles) may drive childbearing decisions.OBJECTIVEThis paper assesses the impact of consistency between gender equality in attitudes and equality in the division of household labour on the likelihood of having another child, for different parities.METHODSRelying on two-wave panel data of the Bulgarian, Czech, French, Hungarian, and Lithuanian Generations and Gender Surveys, we build a couple typology defined by gender attitudes and housework-sharing. The typology identifies four types of couple: 1) gender-unequal attitudes and gender-unequal housework-sharing; 2) gender-equal attitudes and gender-unequal housework-sharing; 3) gender-unequal attitudes and gender-equal housework-sharing; 4) gender-equal attitudes and gender-equal housework-sharing. The couple types enter into a logistic regression model on childbirth.RESULTSThe impact of the typology varies with parity and gender: taking as reference category the case of gender-equal attitudes and gender-equal division of housework, the effect of all the other couple types on a new childbirth is strong and negative for the second child and female respondents.CONCLUSIONSThe consistency between gender ideology and actual partners' housework-sharing is only favourable for childbearing as long as there is gender equality in both the dimensions.1. IntroductionIn the last few decades most developed countries have witnessed a dramatic change in gender roles and attitudes. Whereas some European countries, most notably the Nordic ones, have moved peremptorily towards gender egalitarianism both in the public sphere (i.e., the education system and the job market) and in the private sphere (i.e., the housework and childcare gender role-set), other countries appear to have experienced substantive changes in the first sphere but less in the family sphere, a feature epitomised as the "stalled gender revolution" (Hochschild and Machung 1990). Recent studies suggest that gender equality at the family level is also linked to reproductive behaviour, and stronger gender equality appears to be associated with higher fertility (e.g., Neyer, Lappegard, and Vignoli 2013; Olah 2003; Duvander and Andersson 2006). Higher gender equality may very well lead to higher fertility; more important however, as one moves away from the male breadwinner model, is the potential mismatch between gender equality (i.e., the actual sharing taking place across genders) and gender ideology (i.e., the "attitudes regarding the appropriate roles, rights, and responsibilities of women and men in society"; Kroska 2007). The mismatch between the two might result in "unfulfilled expectations", and such a feeling of disappointment may lower fertility. To exemplify, if the woman has liberal attitudes towards gender roles (i.e., she has an egalitarian ideology regarding gender roles and gender relations in the couple), and the man does not fulfil her expectations through sharing household tasks, she might derive lower satisfaction from the partnership, which in turn may lower the chances for the couple agreeing on having children, which presumably lowers overall fertility (Mencarini and Sironi 2012; Aassve at al. 2014a). There is some evidence suggesting that, indeed, inconsistency between attitudes toward couples' sharing of tasks and actual division of housework reduces the likelihood of continued childbearing even in a high gender-equal society like Sweden (Goldscheider, Bernhardt, and Branden 2013).Our analysis follows up on these ideas and tackles the issue directly. Our hypothesis is that the mismatch between actual gender division of housework with respect to attitudes and beliefs regarding gender roles matters for explaining childbearing outcomes. …
-
what is your couple type gender ideology housework sharing and babies
Carlo Alberto Notebooks, 2014Co-Authors: Arnstein Aassve, Giulia Fuochi, Letizia Mencarini, Daria MendolaAbstract:BACKGROUND It is increasingly acknowledged that not only gender equality, but also gender ideology plays a role in explaining fertility in advanced societies. In a micro perspective, the potential mismatch between gender equality (i.e. the actual sharing taking place in a couple) and gender ideology (i.e. gender equality in attitudes, as proxy for gender equity), may drive childbearing decisions. OBJECTIVE This paper assesses the impact of consistency between gender equality in attitudes and equality in the division of household labour on the likelihood of having another child, for different parities. METHODS Relying on two-wave panel data of the Bulgarian, French, Czech, Hungarian and Lithuanian Generations and Gender Surveys, we build a couple typology defined over gender attitudes and housework sharing.The typology identifies four types of couples: 1) gender unequal attitudes and gender unequal housework sharing; 2) gender equal attitudes and gender unequal housework sharing; 3) gender unequal attitudes and gender equal housework sharing; 4) gender equal attitudes and gender equal housework sharing. The couple types enter into a logistic regression model on childbirth. RESULTS The impact of the typology varies with parity and gender: taking as reference category the case of gender equal attitudes and gender equal division of housework, the effect of all the other couple types on a new childbirth is strong and negative for the second child and female respondents. CONCLUSIONS The consistency between gender equality in attitudes and the actual equality in housework sharing is only favourable for childbearing as long as there is gender equality in both the dimensions.
