The Experts below are selected from a list of 75 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Ange Nzihou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Co-pyrolysis of wood and plastics
Fuel, 2018Co-Authors: Augustina Ephraim, Doan Pham Minh, Damien Lebonnois, Carlos Peregrina, Patrick Sharrock, Ange NzihouAbstract:In recent years, the world has witnessed a rapid rise in waste production and energy demand, which has increased interests in waste to energy processes, particularly the co-pyrolysis of wood and plastic waste. Nonetheless, for plastic waste, most research studies narrowly focus on polyolefins because of their abundance in waste streams and their high oil yields from pyrolysis. In this paper, we study the co-pyrolysis of non-polyolefins – polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – and poplar wood (PW), in order to investigate the synergistic effect of PS and PVC content on product yield, Gas Specie yield and heating value. The experiments were performed using a fixed-bed reactor, heated to 750 °°C at a rate of 20 °°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Our results show that PVC has a large positive synergy on char yield with a maximum value of 8 wt% at 30 wt% PVC content, whereas PS only showed a slightly positive synergy (2.5 wt% maximum). Concerning oil and Gas production, PS provides a small synergy. However, PVC showed a significant positive synergy on oil yield with a maximum value of 11 wt% at 50 wt% PVC content, which was linked to a strong negative synergy in Gas production. Regarding Gas Specie yields, the addition of PS led to positive synergies in the formation of H2, CH4, CO and CO2, although insignificant interactions were observed for CxHyCxHy compounds. Furthermore, by comparing the distribution of chloride Species in the products of co-pyrolysis with PVC, using experimental and theoretical methods, we discovered that the negative synergy in HCl yield observed was mainly due to the dissolution of HCl in the water fraction of the condensed oil phase, rather than the formation of chlorinated organic compounds, as suggested in previous literature works. Our study therefore consolidates the understanding of the synergistic interactions between wood, PS and PVC co-pyrolysis, under conditions that favour Gas production.
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Co-pyrolysis of wood and plastics: Influence of plastic type and content on product yield, Gas composition and quality
Fuel, 2018Co-Authors: Augustina Ephraim, Doan Pham Minh, Damien Lebonnois, Carlos Peregrina, Patrick Sharrock, Ange NzihouAbstract:Abstract In recent years, the world has witnessed a rapid rise in waste production and energy demand, which has increased interests in waste to energy processes, particularly the co-pyrolysis of wood and plastic waste. Nonetheless, for plastic waste, most research studies narrowly focus on polyolefins because of their abundance in waste streams and their high oil yields from pyrolysis. In this paper, we study the co-pyrolysis of non-polyolefins – polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – and poplar wood (PW), in order to investigate the synergistic effect of PS and PVC content on product yield, Gas Specie yield and heating value. The experiments were performed using a fixed-bed reactor, heated to 750 ° C at a rate of 20 ° C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Our results show that PVC has a large positive synergy on char yield with a maximum value of 8 wt% at 30 wt% PVC content, whereas PS only showed a slightly positive synergy (2.5 wt% maximum). Concerning oil and Gas production, PS provides a small synergy. However, PVC showed a significant positive synergy on oil yield with a maximum value of 11 wt% at 50 wt% PVC content, which was linked to a strong negative synergy in Gas production. Regarding Gas Specie yields, the addition of PS led to positive synergies in the formation of H2, CH4, CO and CO2, although insignificant interactions were observed for C x H y compounds. Furthermore, by comparing the distribution of chloride Species in the products of co-pyrolysis with PVC, using experimental and theoretical methods, we discovered that the negative synergy in HCl yield observed was mainly due to the dissolution of HCl in the water fraction of the condensed oil phase, rather than the formation of chlorinated organic compounds, as suggested in previous literature works. Our study therefore consolidates the understanding of the synergistic interactions between wood, PS and PVC co-pyrolysis, under conditions that favour Gas production.
Patric Müller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rarefied reactive Gas flow in T-shape microreactors
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021Co-Authors: Mubashir Hussain, Patric MüllerAbstract:Abstract The present study investigates the reactive Gas flows in T-shape microreactors by means of a 3D direct simulation Monte-Carlo method (DSMC). The reactive process is modeled by incorporating a single step irreversible exothermic reaction of Gas Species A and B. The energy released in each reaction is added to the system by increasing the kinetic energy of the product Gas Specie C. The reactive collisions are modeled by means of a momentum preserving hard sphere collision model in 3D DSMC. We analyzed several process and Gas parameters to observe their extent of influence on the characteristics of the reactive flow. The T-microreactor with thermal walls showed much higher mass carrying capacity as compared to the specular walls. The reaction front, which initially for maximum reaction rate was close to the inlet of Gas Specie of higher mass density, moved towards the center of the inlet part of the T-channel and eventually dissolved with decreasing reaction rates. This transition was smooth in the T-channel with thermal walls, whereas, quite abrupt in case of specular walls. Moreover, in T-microreactors with thermal walls, the amount of A and B converted to C follows an exponential decrease especially in moderate to low reaction rates. Further, with a clear separation between high and low reactive regimes, a piece-wise exponential decay in concentration of C with respect to decreasing reaction rates was also observed in the T-channel with specular walls.
Augustina Ephraim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Co-pyrolysis of wood and plastics
Fuel, 2018Co-Authors: Augustina Ephraim, Doan Pham Minh, Damien Lebonnois, Carlos Peregrina, Patrick Sharrock, Ange NzihouAbstract:In recent years, the world has witnessed a rapid rise in waste production and energy demand, which has increased interests in waste to energy processes, particularly the co-pyrolysis of wood and plastic waste. Nonetheless, for plastic waste, most research studies narrowly focus on polyolefins because of their abundance in waste streams and their high oil yields from pyrolysis. In this paper, we study the co-pyrolysis of non-polyolefins – polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – and poplar wood (PW), in order to investigate the synergistic effect of PS and PVC content on product yield, Gas Specie yield and heating value. The experiments were performed using a fixed-bed reactor, heated to 750 °°C at a rate of 20 °°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Our results show that PVC has a large positive synergy on char yield with a maximum value of 8 wt% at 30 wt% PVC content, whereas PS only showed a slightly positive synergy (2.5 wt% maximum). Concerning oil and Gas production, PS provides a small synergy. However, PVC showed a significant positive synergy on oil yield with a maximum value of 11 wt% at 50 wt% PVC content, which was linked to a strong negative synergy in Gas production. Regarding Gas Specie yields, the addition of PS led to positive synergies in the formation of H2, CH4, CO and CO2, although insignificant interactions were observed for CxHyCxHy compounds. Furthermore, by comparing the distribution of chloride Species in the products of co-pyrolysis with PVC, using experimental and theoretical methods, we discovered that the negative synergy in HCl yield observed was mainly due to the dissolution of HCl in the water fraction of the condensed oil phase, rather than the formation of chlorinated organic compounds, as suggested in previous literature works. Our study therefore consolidates the understanding of the synergistic interactions between wood, PS and PVC co-pyrolysis, under conditions that favour Gas production.
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Co-pyrolysis of wood and plastics: Influence of plastic type and content on product yield, Gas composition and quality
Fuel, 2018Co-Authors: Augustina Ephraim, Doan Pham Minh, Damien Lebonnois, Carlos Peregrina, Patrick Sharrock, Ange NzihouAbstract:Abstract In recent years, the world has witnessed a rapid rise in waste production and energy demand, which has increased interests in waste to energy processes, particularly the co-pyrolysis of wood and plastic waste. Nonetheless, for plastic waste, most research studies narrowly focus on polyolefins because of their abundance in waste streams and their high oil yields from pyrolysis. In this paper, we study the co-pyrolysis of non-polyolefins – polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – and poplar wood (PW), in order to investigate the synergistic effect of PS and PVC content on product yield, Gas Specie yield and heating value. The experiments were performed using a fixed-bed reactor, heated to 750 ° C at a rate of 20 ° C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Our results show that PVC has a large positive synergy on char yield with a maximum value of 8 wt% at 30 wt% PVC content, whereas PS only showed a slightly positive synergy (2.5 wt% maximum). Concerning oil and Gas production, PS provides a small synergy. However, PVC showed a significant positive synergy on oil yield with a maximum value of 11 wt% at 50 wt% PVC content, which was linked to a strong negative synergy in Gas production. Regarding Gas Specie yields, the addition of PS led to positive synergies in the formation of H2, CH4, CO and CO2, although insignificant interactions were observed for C x H y compounds. Furthermore, by comparing the distribution of chloride Species in the products of co-pyrolysis with PVC, using experimental and theoretical methods, we discovered that the negative synergy in HCl yield observed was mainly due to the dissolution of HCl in the water fraction of the condensed oil phase, rather than the formation of chlorinated organic compounds, as suggested in previous literature works. Our study therefore consolidates the understanding of the synergistic interactions between wood, PS and PVC co-pyrolysis, under conditions that favour Gas production.
Mubashir Hussain - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Rarefied reactive Gas flow in T-shape microreactors
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2021Co-Authors: Mubashir Hussain, Patric MüllerAbstract:Abstract The present study investigates the reactive Gas flows in T-shape microreactors by means of a 3D direct simulation Monte-Carlo method (DSMC). The reactive process is modeled by incorporating a single step irreversible exothermic reaction of Gas Species A and B. The energy released in each reaction is added to the system by increasing the kinetic energy of the product Gas Specie C. The reactive collisions are modeled by means of a momentum preserving hard sphere collision model in 3D DSMC. We analyzed several process and Gas parameters to observe their extent of influence on the characteristics of the reactive flow. The T-microreactor with thermal walls showed much higher mass carrying capacity as compared to the specular walls. The reaction front, which initially for maximum reaction rate was close to the inlet of Gas Specie of higher mass density, moved towards the center of the inlet part of the T-channel and eventually dissolved with decreasing reaction rates. This transition was smooth in the T-channel with thermal walls, whereas, quite abrupt in case of specular walls. Moreover, in T-microreactors with thermal walls, the amount of A and B converted to C follows an exponential decrease especially in moderate to low reaction rates. Further, with a clear separation between high and low reactive regimes, a piece-wise exponential decay in concentration of C with respect to decreasing reaction rates was also observed in the T-channel with specular walls.
Patrick Sharrock - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Co-pyrolysis of wood and plastics
Fuel, 2018Co-Authors: Augustina Ephraim, Doan Pham Minh, Damien Lebonnois, Carlos Peregrina, Patrick Sharrock, Ange NzihouAbstract:In recent years, the world has witnessed a rapid rise in waste production and energy demand, which has increased interests in waste to energy processes, particularly the co-pyrolysis of wood and plastic waste. Nonetheless, for plastic waste, most research studies narrowly focus on polyolefins because of their abundance in waste streams and their high oil yields from pyrolysis. In this paper, we study the co-pyrolysis of non-polyolefins – polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – and poplar wood (PW), in order to investigate the synergistic effect of PS and PVC content on product yield, Gas Specie yield and heating value. The experiments were performed using a fixed-bed reactor, heated to 750 °°C at a rate of 20 °°C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Our results show that PVC has a large positive synergy on char yield with a maximum value of 8 wt% at 30 wt% PVC content, whereas PS only showed a slightly positive synergy (2.5 wt% maximum). Concerning oil and Gas production, PS provides a small synergy. However, PVC showed a significant positive synergy on oil yield with a maximum value of 11 wt% at 50 wt% PVC content, which was linked to a strong negative synergy in Gas production. Regarding Gas Specie yields, the addition of PS led to positive synergies in the formation of H2, CH4, CO and CO2, although insignificant interactions were observed for CxHyCxHy compounds. Furthermore, by comparing the distribution of chloride Species in the products of co-pyrolysis with PVC, using experimental and theoretical methods, we discovered that the negative synergy in HCl yield observed was mainly due to the dissolution of HCl in the water fraction of the condensed oil phase, rather than the formation of chlorinated organic compounds, as suggested in previous literature works. Our study therefore consolidates the understanding of the synergistic interactions between wood, PS and PVC co-pyrolysis, under conditions that favour Gas production.
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Co-pyrolysis of wood and plastics: Influence of plastic type and content on product yield, Gas composition and quality
Fuel, 2018Co-Authors: Augustina Ephraim, Doan Pham Minh, Damien Lebonnois, Carlos Peregrina, Patrick Sharrock, Ange NzihouAbstract:Abstract In recent years, the world has witnessed a rapid rise in waste production and energy demand, which has increased interests in waste to energy processes, particularly the co-pyrolysis of wood and plastic waste. Nonetheless, for plastic waste, most research studies narrowly focus on polyolefins because of their abundance in waste streams and their high oil yields from pyrolysis. In this paper, we study the co-pyrolysis of non-polyolefins – polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) – and poplar wood (PW), in order to investigate the synergistic effect of PS and PVC content on product yield, Gas Specie yield and heating value. The experiments were performed using a fixed-bed reactor, heated to 750 ° C at a rate of 20 ° C/min under nitrogen atmosphere. Our results show that PVC has a large positive synergy on char yield with a maximum value of 8 wt% at 30 wt% PVC content, whereas PS only showed a slightly positive synergy (2.5 wt% maximum). Concerning oil and Gas production, PS provides a small synergy. However, PVC showed a significant positive synergy on oil yield with a maximum value of 11 wt% at 50 wt% PVC content, which was linked to a strong negative synergy in Gas production. Regarding Gas Specie yields, the addition of PS led to positive synergies in the formation of H2, CH4, CO and CO2, although insignificant interactions were observed for C x H y compounds. Furthermore, by comparing the distribution of chloride Species in the products of co-pyrolysis with PVC, using experimental and theoretical methods, we discovered that the negative synergy in HCl yield observed was mainly due to the dissolution of HCl in the water fraction of the condensed oil phase, rather than the formation of chlorinated organic compounds, as suggested in previous literature works. Our study therefore consolidates the understanding of the synergistic interactions between wood, PS and PVC co-pyrolysis, under conditions that favour Gas production.
