The Experts below are selected from a list of 202464 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
J. Swithenbank - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ash deposit characterisation in a large scale municipal Waste to Energy incineration plant
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011Co-Authors: Awassada Phongphiphat, Karen N Finney, Vida N. Sharifi, Changkook Ryu, J. SwithenbankAbstract:Abstract The deposition of ash – combustion residues – on superheaters and heat exchanger surfaces reduce their efficiency; this phenomenon was investigated for a large-scale Waste-to-Energy incineration facility. Over a period of six months, ash samples were collected from the plant, which included the bottom ash and deposits from the superheater, as well as flyash from the convective heat exchanger, the economiser and fabric filters. These were analysed for particle size, unburned carbon, elemental composition and surface morphology. Element partitioning was evident in the different combustion residues, as volatile metals, such as cadmium, antimony and arsenic, were found to be depleted in the bottom ash by the high combustion temperatures (1000+°C) and concentrated/enriched in the fabric filter ash (transferred by evaporation). Non-volatile elements by contrast were distributed equally in all locations (transported by particle entrainment). The heat exchanger deposits and fabric filter ash had elevated levels of alkali metals. 82% of flyash particles from the fabric filter were in the submicron range.
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investigation into high temperature corrosion in a large scale municipal Waste to Energy plant
Corrosion Science, 2010Co-Authors: Awassada Phongphiphat, Karen N Finney, Adrian Leyland, Y.b. Yang, Vida N. Sharifi, J. SwithenbankAbstract:High-temperature corrosion in the superheater of a large-scale Waste-to-Energy plant was investigated. A comparison of nickel-/iron-based alloys and austenitic stainless steel probes placed in the furnace demonstrated that temperature and particle deposition greatly influence corrosion. Nickel-based alloys performed better than the other metal alloys, though an aluminide coating further increased their corrosion resistance. Sacrificial baffles provided additional room for deposit accumulation, resulting in vigorous deposit-induced corrosion. Computational modelling (FLUENT code) was used to simulate flow characteristics and heat transfer. This study has shown that the use of aluminide coatings is a promising technique for minimising superheater corrosion in such facilities.
Awassada Phongphiphat - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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ash deposit characterisation in a large scale municipal Waste to Energy incineration plant
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011Co-Authors: Awassada Phongphiphat, Karen N Finney, Vida N. Sharifi, Changkook Ryu, J. SwithenbankAbstract:Abstract The deposition of ash – combustion residues – on superheaters and heat exchanger surfaces reduce their efficiency; this phenomenon was investigated for a large-scale Waste-to-Energy incineration facility. Over a period of six months, ash samples were collected from the plant, which included the bottom ash and deposits from the superheater, as well as flyash from the convective heat exchanger, the economiser and fabric filters. These were analysed for particle size, unburned carbon, elemental composition and surface morphology. Element partitioning was evident in the different combustion residues, as volatile metals, such as cadmium, antimony and arsenic, were found to be depleted in the bottom ash by the high combustion temperatures (1000+°C) and concentrated/enriched in the fabric filter ash (transferred by evaporation). Non-volatile elements by contrast were distributed equally in all locations (transported by particle entrainment). The heat exchanger deposits and fabric filter ash had elevated levels of alkali metals. 82% of flyash particles from the fabric filter were in the submicron range.
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investigation into high temperature corrosion in a large scale municipal Waste to Energy plant
Corrosion Science, 2010Co-Authors: Awassada Phongphiphat, Karen N Finney, Adrian Leyland, Y.b. Yang, Vida N. Sharifi, J. SwithenbankAbstract:High-temperature corrosion in the superheater of a large-scale Waste-to-Energy plant was investigated. A comparison of nickel-/iron-based alloys and austenitic stainless steel probes placed in the furnace demonstrated that temperature and particle deposition greatly influence corrosion. Nickel-based alloys performed better than the other metal alloys, though an aluminide coating further increased their corrosion resistance. Sacrificial baffles provided additional room for deposit accumulation, resulting in vigorous deposit-induced corrosion. Computational modelling (FLUENT code) was used to simulate flow characteristics and heat transfer. This study has shown that the use of aluminide coatings is a promising technique for minimising superheater corrosion in such facilities.
Petr Stehlík - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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combined heat and power production planning in a Waste to Energy plant on a short term basis
Energy, 2015Co-Authors: Michal Tous, Martin Pavlas, Petr Stehlík, Ondřej Putna, Lukas CrhaAbstract:In many cases, WtE (Waste-to-Energy) plants are CHP (combined heat and power) producers. They are often integrated into a central heating system and they also export electricity to the grid. Therefore, they have to plan their operation on a long-term basis (months, years) as well as on a short-term basis (hours, days). Simulation models can effectively support decision making in CHP production planning.
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Waste to Energy technologies impact on environment
Energy, 2012Co-Authors: Andrea Tabasova, Jiří Kropáč, Vit Kermes, Andreja Nemet, Petr StehlíkAbstract:Abstract This paper provides an overview of thermal treatment methods for Waste-to-Energy (WTE) processes technologies in terms of their performance and environmental impact. It presents the possibilities of Waste treatments and related legislation by the European Communities. In the Czech Republic there are 19 industrial Waste incinerators in wide range of process capacities from 15 kt/y to 0.3 kt/y, and three municipal Waste incinerators with nominal capacity 300, 250 and 9 kt/y. The pathways of Energy production and the treatment of undesirable outputs are considered. There are analysed issues related to the WTE, technologies for thermal treatment of Waste, heat recovery systems, flue gas issues and measures for flue gas cleaning. Up-to-date equipment used in WTE technologies is presented. Also different WTE performance techniques are included to provide a basis for comparison of different technologies. Available software for simulation the WTE processes are overviewed as well. The paper has been concluded with some promising future trends and approaches.
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Waste to Energy an evaluation of the environmental impact
Applied Thermal Engineering, 2010Co-Authors: Martin Pavlas, L. Bebar, Michal Tous, Petr StehlíkAbstract:Abstract The thermal treatment of Waste with the heat recovery (Waste to Energy – WTE) provides us with clean and reliable Energy in the form of heat as well as power. This has contributed to primary Energy savings in conventional utility systems. Impact of WTE regarding the environmental issue is quantified in this paper. The evaluation focuses on the calculation of primary Energy savings. A novel methodology is proposed. Then an assessment of the emission rate is made and results discussed. Real up-to-date municipal solid Waste incinerator with nominal capacity 100 kt/y is involved in a case study. Benefit of its operation has been compared with other up-to-date utility concepts.
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secondary combustion chamber with inbuilt heat transfer area thermal model for improved Waste to Energy systems modelling
Chemical engineering transactions, 2010Co-Authors: Z. Jegla, L. Bebar, Martin Pavlas, Jiří Kropáč, Petr StehlíkAbstract:Please cite this article as: Jegla Z., Bebar L., Pavlas M., Kropac J. and Stehlik P., (2010), Secondary combustion chamber wi th inbuilt heat transfer area – Thermal model for improved Waste-to-Energy systems modelling, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 21, 859864 DOI: 10.3303/CET1021144 Secondary Combustion Chamber with Inbuilt Heat Transfer Area – Thermal Model for Improved Waste-toEnergy Systems Modelling
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contribution to advances in Waste to Energy technologies
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2009Co-Authors: Petr StehlíkAbstract:Abstract This paper presents a number of recent advances in technologies and improvements in units for the thermal processing of municipal solid Waste (MSW) and various other types of Waste. The focus is on the ‘Waste-to-Energy’ approach; various criteria for this approach are discussed, as well as the inconsistent attitudes about Waste management approaches that are present in various countries in the European Union. The presented achievements include low-NOx burners, improved efficiency, heat exchangers, Waste heat recovery systems, newly developed equipment for wet scrubbing, dioxin filters and systems for the treatment of sewage sludge. A new concept for a regional Waste-to-Energy Centre (WTEC) is outlined, the design of which is based on a combination of experience, know-how and a sophisticated approach. The proposed WTEC will use up-to-date technologies and will provide an adequate response to the growing population and rising standards of living as well to increasingly stringent environmental regulatory standards. Utilization of computational methods such as Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for design optimisation and/or for troubleshooting is demonstrated with examples (flue gas duct, burner, combustion chamber). Several examples from industrial applications are summarized.
Nickolas J Themelis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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performance of structural concrete using Waste to Energy wte combined ash
Waste Management, 2020Co-Authors: Yixi Tian, Athanasios Bourtsalas, Shiho Kawashima, Nickolas J ThemelisAbstract:Abstract In the U.S., about 27 million metric tons of municipal solid Waste are used as fuel in Waste-to-Energy (WTE) power plants, generating about seven million tons of mixed bottom ash and fly ash (combined ash) annually, which are disposed of in landfills after metal separation. This study assessed the effect of using combined ash as a substitute of mined stone aggregates on the mechanical properties and leachability of cement mortar and concrete. The as-received combined ash was separated into three fractions: fine (
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Waste to Energy a review of the status and benefits in usa
Waste Management, 2009Co-Authors: C S Psomopoulos, A Bourka, Nickolas J ThemelisAbstract:The USA has significant experience in the field of municipal solid Waste management. The hierarchy of methodologies for dealing with municipal solid Wastes consists of recycling and composting, combustion with Energy recovery (commonly called Waste-to-Energy) and landfilling. This paper focuses on Waste-to-Energy and especially its current status and benefits, with regard to GHG, dioxin and mercury emissions, Energy production and land saving, on the basis of experience of operating facilities in USA.
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High-Temperature Corrosion in Waste-to-Energy Boilers
Journal of Thermal Spray Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Shang-hsiu Lee, Nickolas J Themelis, Marco J. CastaldiAbstract:There are 88 Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plants in the U.S. and over 600 worldwide. In total, they combust close to 143 million metric tons of municipal solid Wastes (MSW) and generate about 45 billion kW · h of electricity and an equal amount of thermal Energy for district heating and industrial use. The presence of various impurities, especially HCl and chloride salts, in the combustion gases results in much higher corrosion rates of boiler tubes and has led to the development of special alloys and also metal protection techniques, including high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) sprayed coatings. This study examines the corrosion mechanisms in WTE boilers and summarizes the findings of a corrosion survey of several WTE facilities in the U.S. The study also examines existing and potential methods for reducing corrosion problems.
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effects of feed composition on boiler corrosion in Waste to Energy plants
12th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference, 2004Co-Authors: Dionel O Albina, Karsten Millrath, Nickolas J ThemelisAbstract:Municipal solid Wastes (MSW) typically contain plastic materials, leather, textiles, batteries, food Waste and alkalis. These materials are sources of chlorine, sulfur, potassium, zinc, lead and other heavy metals that can form corrosive media during combustion of the MSW in Waste-to-Energy (WTE) facilities. Chlorides and sulfates, along with fly ash particles, condense or deposit on the waterwall surfaces in the combustion chamber and on other heat exchanger surfaces in the convection path of the process gas, such as screens and superheater tubes. The resulting high corrosion spots necessitate shutdowns and tube replacements, which represent major operating costs. The aim of ongoing research at Columbia University is to gain a better understanding of the effects of fuel composition, products of combustion, and chemical reactions that lead to the corrosion of metal surfaces in WTE boilers. The potential chemical reactions and their chance of occurrence were determined by means of thermochemical calculations of the respective equilibrium constants as a function of temperature and gas phase composition.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Giacomo Antonioni - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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environmental and economic performance assessment of alternative acid gas removal technologies for Waste to Energy plants
Sustainable Production and Consumption, 2018Co-Authors: Alessandro Dal Pozzo, Daniele Guglielmi, Giacomo AntonioniAbstract:Abstract Removal of acid pollutants (HCl and SO2) is an important stage in Waste incineration flue gas cleaning. Several technological options for acid gas neutralisation are currently available in order to comply with the increasingly stringent emission limit values and the choice of the best solution for a specific plant should be based on the economic and environmental considerations implied in the concept of Best Available Technique. The present study analyses and compares state-of-the-art dry, semi-dry and wet process configurations for acid gas removal in Waste-to-Energy plants. The performance of five representative process schemes was analysed: the streams associated with acid gas emission control were quantified via mass and Energy balances and a life cycle perspective was applied in order to evaluate the inputs and outputs of the supply and disposal chains. The analysis pinpoints the key issues in terms of environmental and economic performance of the presented alternatives. Benefits and limits of the alternative technologies are discussed in view of different Waste composition. The Energy penalty associated with flue gas reheat appears to be the main environmental drawback of wet methods, while the main contribution to the environmental footprint of dry methods is given by the production of solid reactants. Multi-stage treatment systems systematically show lower environmental impacts than the single stage counterparts, but their cost-effectiveness is limited by the disposal cost for the generated solid residues. The provided insights can contribute to a more effective implementation of the strategies of circular economy and cleaner production in the operation of a Waste-to-Energy plant.
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sustainability analysis of dry treatment technologies for acid gas removal in Waste to Energy plants
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2017Co-Authors: Alessandro Dal Pozzo, Giacomo Antonioni, Daniele Guglielmi, Alessandro TugnoliAbstract:Abstract Emission control from Waste-to-Energy plants asks for flue gas cleaning technologies for the removal of acid gases (mostly, HCl and SO 2 ). Single stage dry injection of sodium bicarbonate is currently one of the most widely used among the best available techniques identified by the Industrial Emissions Directive in Europe, but several new Waste-to-Energy plants are implementing two-stage systems, coupling the injection of bicarbonate with a preliminary injection of calcium hydroxide. The present study aims at a comparative analysis of the environmental and economic viability of alternative dry treatment technologies. A life cycle perspective is adopted, encompassing production, transportation and disposal of the main reactants and products of the treatments. The optimal operating conditions for the two-stage system are identified and compared with single stage benchmark options. The two-stage treatment emerged as a flexible solution, which can couple cost-effectiveness and environmental compatibility. This performance was confirmed also under reasonable variations of factors such as Waste composition, emission limit values and uncertainties in the input data.
