The Experts below are selected from a list of 16839 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Shanthi Srinivasan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The Influence of Microbiota on Gastrointestinal Motility
Mechanisms Underlying Host-Microbiome Interactions in Pathophysiology of Human Diseases, 2018Co-Authors: Shreya Raja, Vivek Batra, Shanthi SrinivasanAbstract:In recent years there has been a significant advancement in the role of gut microbiota in regulating Gastrointestinal Motility. The bidirectional cross talk between the host and gut microbiota has been implicated in the regulation of both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Intestinal dysbiosis or alteration in the composition of intestinal microbiota can result in impaired host intestinal permeability, immune response, and metabolism, leading to a proinflammatory state. In this review, we focus on the role of the gut microbiome in regulating Gastrointestinal Motility and shaping the enteric nervous system. We highlight the mechanisms of microbial metabolites in regulating intestinal Motility. Several host factors such as diet and genetic predisposition can influence the gut microbial diversity and ultimately contribute to dysbiosis. Intestinal dysbiosis can contribute to the pathophysiology of disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. Manipulation of the gut microbiome is a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of Motility disorders. Modification of gut microbiota through diet, antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation are all promising strategies for the treatment of Gastrointestinal Motility disorders that are currently under investigation.
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Effect of high fat-diet and obesity on Gastrointestinal Motility
Annals of translational medicine, 2013Co-Authors: Mazen Al Mushref, Shanthi SrinivasanAbstract:Obesity is highly prevalent worldwide and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The focus of this review is to delineate the changes in Gastrointestinal Motility observed in obesity. A systematic review of the published literature on obesity and Gastrointestinal Motility was performed. Here, we describe the current understanding of the changes in obesity in the esophagus, stomach, small intestine and colon. Major findings include supportive evidence for increased gastroesophageal reflux disease and esophageal Motility disorders in obesity, and a rapid gastric emptying time seen in obese individuals. The proximal small intestinal transit seems to be increased in obesity and this may be secondary to efficient nutrient absorption and subsequent lack of nutrient-induced satiety signals conveyed from the small intestine. In obesity, there is some evidence for delayed colonic transit as well as a reduction in colonic serotonin availability. The molecular mechanisms underlying altered Motility in obesity could be secondary to reduced cannabinoids or its receptor cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) expression as well as due to loss of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) neurons. The interactions of diet and obesity and the alteration of microbiota in this setting are just being explored and may offer novel insights into the changes of Gastrointestinal Motility in obesity.
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gut microbial products regulate murine Gastrointestinal Motility via toll like receptor 4 signaling
Gastroenterology, 2012Co-Authors: Mallappa Anitha, Matam Vijay Kumar, Shanthi V Sitaraman, Andrew T Gewirtz, Shanthi SrinivasanAbstract:Background & Aims Altered Gastrointestinal Motility is associated with significant morbidity and health care costs. Toll-like receptors (TLR) regulate intestinal homeostasis. We examined the roles of TLR4 signaling in survival of enteric neurons and Gastrointestinal Motility. Methods We assessed changes in intestinal Motility by assessing stool frequency, bead expulsion, and isometric muscle recordings of colonic longitudinal muscle strips from mice that do not express TLR4 ( Tlr4 Lps-d or TLR4 −/− ) or Myd88 ( Myd88 −/− ), in wild-type germ-free mice or wild-type mice depleted of the microbiota, and in mice with neural crest-specific deletion of Myd88 ( Wnt1Cre +/− /Myd88 fl/fl ). We studied the effects of the TLR4 agonist lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on survival of cultured, immortalized fetal enteric neurons and enteric neuronal cells isolated from wild-type and Tlr4 Lps-d mice at embryonic day 13.5. Results There was a significant delay in Gastrointestinal Motility and reduced numbers of nitrergic neurons in TLR4 Lps-d , TLR4 −/− , and Myd88 −/− mice compared with wild-type mice. A similar phenotype was observed in germ-free mice, mice depleted of intestinal microbiota, and Wnt1Cre +/− /Myd88 fl/fl mice. Incubation of enteric neuronal cells with LPS led to activation of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-κB and increased cell survival. Conclusions Interactions between enteric neurons and microbes increases neuron survival and Gastrointestinal Motility in mice. LPS activation of TLR4 and NF-κB appears to promote survival of enteric neurons. Factors that regulate TLR4 signaling in neurons might be developed to alter Gastrointestinal Motility.
Wu Guo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of parenteral nutrients on Gastrointestinal Motility and secretion
Parenteral & Enteral Nutrition, 2001Co-Authors: Wu GuoAbstract:Parenteral nutritional support are used widely in clinical practice.Little is knownabout the effects of macronutrients on Gastrointestinal Motility and secretion.Several studies have provided evidence that nutrients during the circulatory phase of digestion influence Gastrointestinal Motility and secretion.Glucose exerts an inhibitory effect on Gastrointestinal Motility and secretion.The inhibitory effect of glucose is dose dependent.Circulating amino acids at high concentrations stimulate gastric acid secretion,pancreatic enzyme secretion,gallbladder contraction and intestinal Motility.Intravenous infusion of fat emulsions delays gastric emptying and interrupts the interdigestive intestinal motor pattern.
C. B. H. W. Lamers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of Parenteral Nutrients on Gastrointestinal Motility and Secretion
Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology. Supplement, 1996Co-Authors: A.a.m. Masclee, H. A. J. Gielkens, W. F. Lam, S. Y. De Boer, C. B. H. W. LamersAbstract:Background: The stimulation of Gastrointestinal Motility and secretion during nutrient digestion is generally divided into a cephalic, gastric and intestinal phase. Little is known about the effects of macro-nutrients on Gastrointestinal function during the postabsorptive or circulatory phase of digestion.Methods: Review of studies investigating the effects of circulating macro-nutrients such as fat, amino acids and glucose on Gastrointestinal Motility and secretion.Results: Intravenous infusion of fat emulsions delays gastric emptying and interrupts the interdigestive intestinal motor pattern. Intravenous amino acids, administered in high doses, stimulate gastric acid secretion, pancreatic secretion, gallbladder contraction and intestinal Motility. Patients receiving total parental nutrition (TPN) have inert gallbladders and are at risk of developing gallbladder sludge and stones. Administering a proportion of the daily amino acid requirement by rapid intravenous infusion may prove useful in the preventi...
Joel E. Richter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gastrointestinal Motility disorders during pregnancy.
Annals of internal medicine, 1993Co-Authors: Todd H. Baron, Belinda Ramirez, Joel E. RichterAbstract:Purpose: To review the pathophysiology of Gastrointestinal Motility disorders during pregnancy, their clinical manifestations, and their management. Data Sources: Studies published from 1963 to 199...
Paul E. Hyman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gastrointestinal Motility IN NEONATAL AND PEDIATRIC PRACTICE
Gastroenterology clinics of North America, 1996Co-Authors: Carlo Di Lorenzo, Paul E. HymanAbstract:Caring for children with Gastrointestinal Motility disorders requires an understanding of age-related changes in Gastrointestinal function and in the clinical expression of disease. Successful evaluation of the child with a Gastrointestinal Motility disorder necessitates an approach that takes into account not only the child's symptoms, but also the stage of development. This article reviews the ontogeny of Gastrointestinal Motility; the techniques available for the study of Gastrointestinal Motility in children; and the presentation, pathophysiology, and treatment of pediatric functional bowel diseases. Differences in children compared to adults in performing and analyzing Motility testing and in evaluating Motility disorders are emphasized. A more complete understanding of pediatric Motility disorders may provide important insights in approaching functional bowel diseases in adults.
