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Paul J Fleming - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • knowledge attitudes and practices related to family planning and Gender equity among husbands of adolescent girls in niger
    Global Public Health, 2020
    Co-Authors: Paul J Fleming, Holly B Shakya, Madeline Farron, Mohamad I Brooks, Giovanna Lauro, Ruti Levtov, Sabrina C Boyce, Sani Aliou, Jay G Silverman
    Abstract:

    Despite having the highest fertility rate in the world, research on Niger men and family planning (FP) is limited. We collected survey data collected in the Dosso region of Niger in 2016 from 1136 men who are the husbands of adolescent girls. We report descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression on three dichotomous outcomes: (a) knowledge of modern contraceptives, (b) beliefs that only husbands should make FP decisions, and (c) current FP use. About 56% had ever heard of the pill, 6% had ever heard of an intrauterine device, and 45% had ever heard of an injectable. In our multivariable analyses, we found: a man knowing at least one modern method was significantly associated with his age, wife's education level, Gender Ideology, and wife's say in healthcare decisions; men's belief that men alone should make FP decisions was associated with husband's Quranic education, Gender Ideology, and attitudes towards violence against women; men's reports of adolescent wives' current family planning use was associated with men's Quranic education, women's involvement in her own healthcare decisions, and belief that men alone should decide about family planning. Finding suggests that interventions should target aim to reduce Gender inequities to increase family planning utilisation.

  • can a Gender equity and family planning intervention for men change their Gender Ideology results from the charm intervention in rural india
    Studies in Family Planning, 2018
    Co-Authors: Paul J Fleming, Jay G Silverman, Mohan Ghule, Julie Ritter, Madhusudana Battala, Gajanan Velhal, Saritha Nair, Anindita Dasgupta, Balaiah Donta, Niranjan Saggurti
    Abstract:

    We assess the effect of CHARM, a Gender equity and family planning counseling intervention for husbands in rural India, on men's Gender Ideology. We used a two-armed cluster randomized control trial design and collected survey data from husbands (n=1081) at baseline, 9 months, and 18 months. We used a continuous measure of support for Gender equity and a dichotomous measure of equitable attitudes toward women's role in household decision-making. To assess differences on these outcomes, we used generalized linear mixed models. After controlling for socio-demographic factors, men who received the CHARM intervention were significantly more likely than men in the control group to have equitable attitudes toward household decision-making at 9-months follow-up; there was a non-significant difference between the groups for the measure of support for Gender equity. For household decision-making, differences were not sustained at 18-months follow-up. Given the role of husbands' Gender Ideology in women's contraceptive use, the CHARM intervention represents a promising approach for challenging root causes of women's unmet need for contraception.

  • can a Gender equity and family planning intervention for men change their Gender Ideology results from the charm intervention in rural india
    Studies in Family Planning, 2018
    Co-Authors: Paul J Fleming, Jay G Silverman, Mohan Ghule, Julie Ritter, Madhusudana Battala, Gajanan Velhal, Saritha Nair, Anindita Dasgupta, Balaiah Donta, Niranjan Saggurti
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we aim to assess the effect of the CHARM, a Gender equity and family planning counseling intervention for husbands in rural India, on men’s Gender Ideology. We used a two-armed cluster randomized control trial design and collected survey data from husbands (n=1081) at baseline, 9-months, and 18-months. We used a continuous measure of support for Gender equity (i.e. Gender Equitable Men Scale) and a dichotomous measure of equitable attitudes towards women’s role in household decision-making. To assess differences on these outcomes, we used generalized linear mixed models. After controlling for socio-demographic factors, men who received the CHARM intervention were significantly more likely than men in the control condition to have equitable attitudes towards household decision-making at 9-month follow-up (AOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.29–2.60); there was a non-significant difference between the groups for the measure of support for Gender equity (23.2 vs. 22.0; p=0.08). For household decision-making, differences were not sustained at 18-month follow-up. Given the role of husbands’ Gender Ideology on women’s contraceptive use, the CHARM intervention represents a promising approach for tackling root causes of women’s unmet contraceptive needs.

  • the association between men s concern about demonstrating masculine characteristics and their sexual risk behaviors findings from the dominican republic
    Archives of Sexual Behavior, 2018
    Co-Authors: Paul J Fleming, Clare Barrington, Wizdom Powell, Ann Gottert, Leonel Lerebours, Yeycy Donastorg, Maximo O Brito
    Abstract:

    Quantitative analyses exploring the relationship between masculinities and men’s sexual risk behaviors have most commonly used one dimension of masculinities: men’s Gender Ideology. Examining other dimensions may enhance our understanding of and ability to intervene upon this relationship. In this article, we examined the association between Gender role conflict/stress (GRC/S)—men’s concern about demonstrating masculine characteristics—and three different sexual risk behaviors (having two or more sex partners in the last 30 days; never/inconsistent condom use with non-steady partners; and drinking alcohol at last sex) among a sample of heterosexual men in the Dominican Republic who were participating in an HIV prevention intervention (n = 293). The GRC/S Scale we used was adapted for this specific cultural context and has 17 items (α = 0.75). We used logistic regression to assess the relationship between GRC/S and each sexual behavior, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. In adjusted models, a higher GRC/S score was significantly associated with increased odds of having two or more sex partners in the past 30 days (AOR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.01–1.74), never/inconsistent condom use with non-steady partners (AOR 1.45, 95 % CI 1.04–2.01), and drinking alcohol at last sex (AOR 1.56, 95 % CI 1.13–2.17). These results highlight the importance of expanding beyond Gender Ideology to understanding the influence of GRC/S on men’s sexual risk behaviors. Interventions should address men’s concern about demonstrating masculine characteristics to reduce the social and internalized pressure men feel to engage in sexual risk behaviors.

Theodore N Greenstein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Gender Ideology components predictors and consequences
    Review of Sociology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Shannon N Davis, Theodore N Greenstein
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this article is to review research on the construction of Gender Ideology and its consequences. The article begins with a summary of research focused on measuring Gender Ideology—individuals’ levels of support for a division of paid work and family responsibilities that is based on the belief in Gendered separate spheres. We describe the ways this concept has been operationalized in widely available data sources and provide a categorization schema for the items used to measure Gender Ideology. We also review the research predicting Gender Ideology, focusing on social and demographic characteristics while concurrently examining studies using cross-sectional, trend, and panel data. Finally, this article summarizes research focused on the consequences of Gender Ideology, both in families and family-related behaviors and in other areas of social life where beliefs about Gender are relevant, such as the workplace. We conclude with implications for future research for measurement tools, predictors of Gender Ideology, and consequences of Ideology in individuals’ lives.

  • effects of union type on division of household labor do cohabiting men really perform more housework
    Journal of Family Issues, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shannon N Davis, Theodore N Greenstein, Jennifer Gerteisen P Marks
    Abstract:

    Using data from 17,636 respondents in 28 nations, this research uses multilevel modeling to compare the reported division of household labor and factors affecting it for currently married and currently cohabiting couples. Cohabiting men report performing more household labor than do married men, and cohabiting women report performing less household labor than do married women. The findings provide support for the time-availability, relative-resources, and Gender-Ideology perspectives. The effects of time availability and relative resources on the division of household labor are substantially the same for both union types, but Gender Ideology is more influential on the division of labor reported by cohabiting than by married respondents. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

  • Gender Ideology and perceptions of the fairness of the division of household labor effects on marital quality
    Social Forces, 1996
    Co-Authors: Theodore N Greenstein
    Abstract:

    Under what circumstances will married women perceive inequalities in the division of household labor as unfair? This research develops and tests a model based on relative deprivation theory that suggests that Gender Ideology functions as a moderator variable in a process through which inequalities in the division of household labor come to be seen as inequities. Using data from the National Survey of Families and Households, three empirical tests of the model provide evidence that inequalities in the division of household labor are more strongly related to perceptions of inequity for egalitarian than for traditional wives, and that perceptions of inequity are more strongly related to perceived quality of the marital relationship for egalitarian than for traditional wives. The findings suggest that researchers studying the division of household labor need to shift their focus away from analyses of objective inequalities and toward the study of perceived inequity.

  • Gender Ideology marital disruption and the employment of married women
    Journal of Marriage and Family, 1995
    Co-Authors: Theodore N Greenstein
    Abstract:

    After peaking around 1980, period rates of divorce seem to have stabilized in the United States. Nonetheless, there is still a great deal of theoretical and empirical interest in the determinants of marital instability. Conventional wisdom has long linked marital instability to the employment of married women, but the empirical findings in this literature are far from unequivocal. One of the more consistent findings is the effect of wife's employment: Nearly every empirical study suggests that there is a positive monotonic relationship between marital instability and the wife's number of hours employed per week. There are several different kinds of effects of wives' paid employment on marital stability presented in the literature. One school of thought holds that there is something inherent in the employment of married women that serves to destabilize the marriage, for example, by upsetting traditional marriage norms or by decreasing the husband's marital satisfaction. Another line of reasoning argues that the employment of married women and the expectation of continuing employment outside of marriage serves to make divorce more attractive. This viewpoint posits the employment of wives as a facilitating factor in divorce, not actually producing marital conflict but making divorce more likely for those couples for whom conflict already exists. The so-called "absence effect" argues that employment outside the home takes the wife away from traditional homemaking responsibilities, with possible effects of increasing stress and conflict within the marriage. Whether this explanation is correct or not, the effect of hours worked outside the home is well documented in the empirical literature. Mott and Moore (1979) found a positive relationship between number of hours of paid employment and probability of divorce for White women but not for Black women: White women who are employed 35 hours per week or more have a 60% greater risk of marital disruption over a 5-year period. Huber and Spitze (1980) found that wife's work history is positively related to thoughts of divorce. Greene and Quester (1982) observed that women in groups at high risk for divorce are more likely to be in the labor force, more likely to have higher wages, and more likely to work more hours than women in low-risk groups. Booth, Johnson, White, and Edwards (1984) found that total hours on the job and being employed over 40 hours per week are associated with a construct measuring marital instability. Spitze and South (1985) found that number of hours paid employment is significantly related to probability of divorce for women who work at least 35 hours per week (not controlling for income), while South and Spitze (1986) observed that being in the labor force and number of hours employed are related to divorce. Greenstein (1990) found that women who are employed more than 35 hours per week have more than twice the risk of marital disruption of women who are employed 20-35 hours per week, net of income, relative earnings ratio, and other factors. Greenstein also noted that the negative effect of hours employed on marital stability is partially offset by the positive effects of wives' income. A shortcoming in this literature is the implicit assumption made by most researchers that the stability of all marriages is affected in the same manner and at approximately the same level of magnitude by the wife's employment. However, those studies that have examined interactions of wives' employment characteristics with other variables have tended to find that the effects of wives' employment do vary. Analyzing the effects of hours employed separately for marriages varying in categories of children present, family income, and husband's attitude toward his wife's employment, Spitze and South (1985) found the effects strongest for childless women and women with preschoolers, for women in medium-and high-income families, and for women who perceive that their husbands disapprove of their employment, while Vannoy and Philliber (1992) found that Gender role attitudes interact with wives' employment characteristics in terms of their effects on perceived marital quality. …

Shannon N Davis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • adolescent Gender Ideology socialization direct and moderating effects of fathers beliefs
    Sociological Spectrum, 2010
    Co-Authors: Shannon N Davis, Jeremiah B Wills
    Abstract:

    Previous research examining the intergenerational transmission of Gender Ideology focuses generally on the influence of mothers' beliefs. This article extends the understanding of Gender Ideology construction and transmission in two important ways. Utilizing data from the child sample of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (N = 206), we examine the construction of adolescent Gender Ideology via mothers' and fathers' Gender beliefs. Further, we consider the interaction between maternal and paternal ideologies as they influence adolescent Ideology. Findings suggest that paternal Ideology plays a strong role in adolescent Ideology formation, both directly and as a moderator of maternal influence.

  • Gender Ideology components predictors and consequences
    Review of Sociology, 2009
    Co-Authors: Shannon N Davis, Theodore N Greenstein
    Abstract:

    The purpose of this article is to review research on the construction of Gender Ideology and its consequences. The article begins with a summary of research focused on measuring Gender Ideology—individuals’ levels of support for a division of paid work and family responsibilities that is based on the belief in Gendered separate spheres. We describe the ways this concept has been operationalized in widely available data sources and provide a categorization schema for the items used to measure Gender Ideology. We also review the research predicting Gender Ideology, focusing on social and demographic characteristics while concurrently examining studies using cross-sectional, trend, and panel data. Finally, this article summarizes research focused on the consequences of Gender Ideology, both in families and family-related behaviors and in other areas of social life where beliefs about Gender are relevant, such as the workplace. We conclude with implications for future research for measurement tools, predictors of Gender Ideology, and consequences of Ideology in individuals’ lives.

  • Gender Ideology construction from adolescence to young adulthood
    Social Science Research, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shannon N Davis
    Abstract:

    This paper updates and extends research examining the origins of adolescent beliefs about Gender. Although previous research noted the importance of maternal attitudes on adolescent beliefs, more recent attempts to model adolescent and young adult Gender Ideology have been limited in the kinds of intergenerational models tested. Using latent curve modeling and recent survey data from children of a nationally representative sample of women in the United States, I demonstrate that current family context is the most crucial component of adolescent and young adult Gender Ideology. Egalitarian mothers are more likely to have egalitarian children, although maternal ideologies have little effect on Ideology change over time. Young women are more egalitarian than are young men, and this difference diminishes over time. As adolescents age, current life experiences are better predictors of Gender Ideology than are characteristics of family of origin. There is little evidence that the recent historical trends toward more egalitarian Gender ideologies have abated.

  • effects of union type on division of household labor do cohabiting men really perform more housework
    Journal of Family Issues, 2007
    Co-Authors: Shannon N Davis, Theodore N Greenstein, Jennifer Gerteisen P Marks
    Abstract:

    Using data from 17,636 respondents in 28 nations, this research uses multilevel modeling to compare the reported division of household labor and factors affecting it for currently married and currently cohabiting couples. Cohabiting men report performing more household labor than do married men, and cohabiting women report performing less household labor than do married women. The findings provide support for the time-availability, relative-resources, and Gender-Ideology perspectives. The effects of time availability and relative resources on the division of household labor are substantially the same for both union types, but Gender Ideology is more influential on the division of labor reported by cohabiting than by married respondents. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

Jay G Silverman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • knowledge attitudes and practices related to family planning and Gender equity among husbands of adolescent girls in niger
    Global Public Health, 2020
    Co-Authors: Paul J Fleming, Holly B Shakya, Madeline Farron, Mohamad I Brooks, Giovanna Lauro, Ruti Levtov, Sabrina C Boyce, Sani Aliou, Jay G Silverman
    Abstract:

    Despite having the highest fertility rate in the world, research on Niger men and family planning (FP) is limited. We collected survey data collected in the Dosso region of Niger in 2016 from 1136 men who are the husbands of adolescent girls. We report descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression on three dichotomous outcomes: (a) knowledge of modern contraceptives, (b) beliefs that only husbands should make FP decisions, and (c) current FP use. About 56% had ever heard of the pill, 6% had ever heard of an intrauterine device, and 45% had ever heard of an injectable. In our multivariable analyses, we found: a man knowing at least one modern method was significantly associated with his age, wife's education level, Gender Ideology, and wife's say in healthcare decisions; men's belief that men alone should make FP decisions was associated with husband's Quranic education, Gender Ideology, and attitudes towards violence against women; men's reports of adolescent wives' current family planning use was associated with men's Quranic education, women's involvement in her own healthcare decisions, and belief that men alone should decide about family planning. Finding suggests that interventions should target aim to reduce Gender inequities to increase family planning utilisation.

  • can a Gender equity and family planning intervention for men change their Gender Ideology results from the charm intervention in rural india
    Studies in Family Planning, 2018
    Co-Authors: Paul J Fleming, Jay G Silverman, Mohan Ghule, Julie Ritter, Madhusudana Battala, Gajanan Velhal, Saritha Nair, Anindita Dasgupta, Balaiah Donta, Niranjan Saggurti
    Abstract:

    We assess the effect of CHARM, a Gender equity and family planning counseling intervention for husbands in rural India, on men's Gender Ideology. We used a two-armed cluster randomized control trial design and collected survey data from husbands (n=1081) at baseline, 9 months, and 18 months. We used a continuous measure of support for Gender equity and a dichotomous measure of equitable attitudes toward women's role in household decision-making. To assess differences on these outcomes, we used generalized linear mixed models. After controlling for socio-demographic factors, men who received the CHARM intervention were significantly more likely than men in the control group to have equitable attitudes toward household decision-making at 9-months follow-up; there was a non-significant difference between the groups for the measure of support for Gender equity. For household decision-making, differences were not sustained at 18-months follow-up. Given the role of husbands' Gender Ideology in women's contraceptive use, the CHARM intervention represents a promising approach for challenging root causes of women's unmet need for contraception.

  • can a Gender equity and family planning intervention for men change their Gender Ideology results from the charm intervention in rural india
    Studies in Family Planning, 2018
    Co-Authors: Paul J Fleming, Jay G Silverman, Mohan Ghule, Julie Ritter, Madhusudana Battala, Gajanan Velhal, Saritha Nair, Anindita Dasgupta, Balaiah Donta, Niranjan Saggurti
    Abstract:

    In this paper, we aim to assess the effect of the CHARM, a Gender equity and family planning counseling intervention for husbands in rural India, on men’s Gender Ideology. We used a two-armed cluster randomized control trial design and collected survey data from husbands (n=1081) at baseline, 9-months, and 18-months. We used a continuous measure of support for Gender equity (i.e. Gender Equitable Men Scale) and a dichotomous measure of equitable attitudes towards women’s role in household decision-making. To assess differences on these outcomes, we used generalized linear mixed models. After controlling for socio-demographic factors, men who received the CHARM intervention were significantly more likely than men in the control condition to have equitable attitudes towards household decision-making at 9-month follow-up (AOR 1.83, 95% CI 1.29–2.60); there was a non-significant difference between the groups for the measure of support for Gender equity (23.2 vs. 22.0; p=0.08). For household decision-making, differences were not sustained at 18-month follow-up. Given the role of husbands’ Gender Ideology on women’s contraceptive use, the CHARM intervention represents a promising approach for tackling root causes of women’s unmet contraceptive needs.

Yue Qian - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • constellations of Gender Ideology earnings arrangements and marital satisfaction a comparison across four east asian societies
    Asian Population Studies, 2021
    Co-Authors: Wen Fan, Yue Qian
    Abstract:

    Recent research conducted in Western countries highlights Gender Ideology as a multidimensional concept. Little, however, is known in East Asia about the patterns and consequences of constellations...

  • division of labor Gender Ideology and marital satisfaction in east asia
    Journal of Marriage and Family, 2016
    Co-Authors: Yue Qian, Liana C Sayer
    Abstract:

    Economic, political, and demographic transformations are occurring in East Asian societies, driven by industrialization, urbanization, and closer integration into world markets (Vogel, 1993). These forces have increased women's educational and employment opportunities, but the Gendered division of labor remains stubbornly entrenched (Oshio, Nozaki, & Kobayashi, 2013). What may have changed in East Asian societies is women's perceptions of the fairness of unequal divisions of labor and their alternatives to entering and remaining in an unsatisfactory marriage. In Western societies, unequal shares of housework reduce marital satisfaction, and the negative association is stronger in countries with egalitarian Gender norms, particularly those with cultural beliefs that spouses should equally share work and family roles (Greenstein, 2009).The diffusion of Western ideals of egalitarian partnerships that has accompanied modernization and globalization suggests that inequalities in the Gendered division of labor should also reduce marital satisfaction in East Asian societies (Casterline, 2001; Cherlin, 2004; Wong & Goodwin, 2009). However, the historical-cultural emphasis on familism and Gender specialization in East Asian societies (Slote & De Vos, 1998) may function to normalize women's greater and men's lesser time investments in housework, even among egalitarian spouses, and thus remove the Gendered division of labor as a source of marital dissatisfaction. This study contributes to the literature on Gender and family change by taking a cross-national comparative approach to investigate the independent and joint influences of the Gendered division of labor and Gender Ideology on marital satisfaction among women and men in four East Asian societies.Research on industrialized Western countries indicates that the Gendered division of household labor and its consequences for family outcomes vary across national contexts. Women do more housework than men across the contemporary world (Sayer, 2010), but the division of housework is more egalitarian in countries with higher levels of aggregate Gender equality, full-time employment of mothers, public child care, and access to paternity leave (Fuwa, 2004;Hook,2010;KnudsenW Greenstein, 1996; Lavee & Katz, 2002; Yodanis, 2010). Associations are contingent on national levels of Gender equity because these provide a comparative referent that married women use in forming perceptions of justice about the division of household labor (Greenstein, 2009). National levels of Gender equity are associated with public policies and organizational structures of employment and care. These affect women's perceptions about the compatibility of work and family and thus options within and outside of marriage. Structures of employment that influence ability to harmonize work and family continue to vary across East Asian societies (Yu, 2009). Hence, we anticipate that the complex nexus of the division of labor, Gender Ideology, and marital satisfaction should also vary across East Asian societies.Greenstein (2009) has suggested that in countries with greater Gender equity in nonfamily (e.g., economic, educational, political, health) domains, women are less likely to accept micro-level Gender inequalities as "fair," which leads to a stronger association between Gendered divisions of housework and perceptions of fairness as well as stronger associations between perceptions of fairness and satisfaction with family life. Theoretically, macro-level Gender equity is positively associated with Gender egalitarianism at home because of three mechanisms (Yu & Lee, 2013). First, women have more opportunities outside of marriage and thus can bargain more effectively in relationships because their "threat point," or ability to leave unsatisfactory relationships, is more credible. …