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Zbigniew Smoreda - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Power, Gender Stereotypes and perceptions of heterosexual couples.
British Journal of Social Psychology, 1995Co-Authors: Zbigniew SmoredaAbstract:This paper examines the relation between power attributed to members of heterosexual couples and the perception of their personalities in terms of Gender stereotyped traits. Three-hundred and fifty adults, native French subjects (women and men) participated in the study. They attributed daily family tasks and decisions to the target persons; then, they described them on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. The results indicated strong correlations between observers' representations of power distribution in the couple and the Gender related personality descriptions of the couple. The attribution of 'instrumental' traits increased (and 'expressive' traits decreased) according to the degree of power assigned to the target person of either sex. On the 'instrumentality' dimension, accentuation of perceptions of people in Gender role inconsistent positions was also observed. The simultaneous influences of general Gender Stereotypes and specific relations between the Gender roles in dyads on the perception of individuals are discussed. It is proposed that social relations of dominance provide a model for the construction of Gender Stereotypes and their contextual applications. Language: en
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Power, Gender Stereotypes and perceptions of heterosexual couples.
The British journal of social psychology, 1995Co-Authors: Zbigniew SmoredaAbstract:This paper examines the relation between power attributed to members of heterosexual couples and the perception of their personalities in terms of Gender stereotyped traits. Three-hundred and fifty adults, native French subjects (women and men) participated in the study. They attributed daily family tasks and decisions to the target persons; then, they described them on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. The results indicated strong correlations between observers' representations of power distribution in the couple and the Gender related personality descriptions of the couple. The attribution of 'instrumental' traits increased (and 'expressive' traits decreased) according to the degree of power assigned to the target person of either sex. On the 'instrumentality' dimension, accentuation of perceptions of people in Gender role inconsistent positions was also observed. The simultaneous influences of general Gender Stereotypes and specific relations between the Gender roles in dyads on the perception of individuals are discussed. It is proposed that social relations of dominance provide a model for the construction of Gender Stereotypes and their contextual applications.
Philippe Sarrazin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Social antecedents and consequences of sport Gender Stereotypes during adolescence
Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2014Co-Authors: Julie Boiché, Mélissa Plaza, Aïna Chalabaev, Emma Guillet, Philippe SarrazinAbstract:Eccles' Expectancy-Value Model (Fredricks & Eccles, 2004) posits that the Stereotypes endorsed by parents may influence their children's participation in leisure-time activities. This influence is presumed to occur through the mediating role of children's perceived competence and value given to the activity, predicting in turn dropout. Previous research is scarce relative to (a) the parent-child transmission of Gender Stereotypes and (b) the relationships among Stereotypes, self-perceptions, and decision to drop out from an activity. We present three studies that examined Gender Stereotypes in the sport context to test these under-explored aspects of the model. Study 1 revealed significant links among perceived Gender Stereotypes in the social environment (i.e., general and parental beliefs), personal endorsement of Stereotypes, and dropout behavior among 347 adolescents. Study 2 revealed no bound between Stereotypes assessed among parents and 104 adolescent athletes. It further indicated that self-perceptions may mediate the relationship between 155 adolescents' Gender Stereotypes and intentions to drop out from sport. Study 3 involved 23 parent-adolescent dyads and revealed that parents' and adolescents' endorsement of Gender Stereotypes were not significantly related when assessed with explicit measures, but significantly correlated when assessed through an implicit test. Taken as a whole, the results of this set of studies suggest that Gender sport Stereotypes are conveyed from social environment to adolescents and that they can lead to dropout. The implications for parents and practitioners are discussed.
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Social antecedents, evolution and consequences of Gender Stereotypes relative to sport during adolescence
Psychology of Women Quarterly, 2014Co-Authors: Julie Boiché, Mélissa Plaza, Aïna Chalabaev, Emma Guillet-descas, Philippe SarrazinAbstract:Eccles et al.’s Expectancy-Value Model posits that the Stereotypes endorsed by parents may influence their children’s participation in leisure-time activities. This influence is presumed to occur through the mediating role of children’s perceived competence and value given to the activity, predicting in turn drop out. Previous research is scarce relative to (a) the parent–child transmission of Gender Stereotypes and (b) the relationships among Stereotypes, self-perceptions, and decision to drop out from an activity. We present three studies that examined Gender Stereotypes in the sport context to test these underexplored aspects of the model. Study 1 revealed significant links among perceived Gender Stereotypes in the social environment (i.e., general and parental beliefs), personal endorsement of Stereotypes, and dropout behavior among 347 adolescents. Study 2 revealed no bound between Stereotypes assessed among parents and 104 adolescent athletes. It further indicated that self-perceptions may mediate the relationship between 155 adolescents’ Gender Stereotypes and intentions to drop out from sport. Study 3 involved 23 parent–adolescent dyads and revealed that parents’ and adolescents’ endorsement of Gender Stereotypes were not significantly related when assessed with explicit measures, but significantly correlated when assessed through an implicit test. Taken as a whole, the results of this set of studies suggest that Gender sport Stereotypes are conveyed from social environment to adolescents and that they can lead to drop out. The implications for parents and practitioners are discussed.
Kira Sanbonmatsu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gender Stereotypes and Gender Preferences in American Politics
Improving Public Opinion Surveys, 2011Co-Authors: Kira Sanbonmatsu, Kathleen DolanAbstract:This chapter analyzes a series of questions related to citizen's attitudes about Gender issues. These items are included in the 2006 Pilot Study. The examination of Gender Stereotypes suggests that many people see few differences in the traits and abilities of women and men, but that those who do perceive differences tend to do so in predictable ways. These new items also demonstrate that Gender Stereotypes transcend party, although Gender and party interact in meaningful ways in some circumstances. The examination of voters' Gender preferences for elected officials reveal the importance (or lack thereof) of descriptive representation to voters and the potential for women candidates to mobilize women in the public to greater political involvement. Finally, the analysis of these new items clearly indicates that while they are related to other Gender attitudes, Gender Stereotypes and Gender preferences are distinct attitudes held by voters.
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Do Gender Stereotypes Transcend Party
Political Research Quarterly, 2008Co-Authors: Kira Sanbonmatsu, Kathleen DolanAbstract:Voters hold Stereotypes about candidate Gender and candidate party. Yet little is known about the intersection of Gender and party Stereotypes. In this article, we investigate whether Gender Stereotypes transcend party. We consider whether Gender Stereotypes affect woman politicians differently by party and examine the effect of partisan identification on Gender Stereotypes. We find that the public perceives Gender differences within both political parties. Thus the presence of the party cue does not preclude a role for candidate Gender. However, we also find that the implications of Gender Stereotypes are somewhat different for Democratic and Republican women.
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Political Knowledge and Gender Stereotypes
American Politics Research, 2003Co-Authors: Kira SanbonmatsuAbstract:This study uses original data to investigate the individual-level determinants of voters' political Gender Stereotypes. I find that beliefs about men's emotional suitability for politics predict voter Stereotypes about the ability of politicians to handle issues, whereas political knowledge predicts voter Stereotypes about politicians' issue positions. Therefore, whereas some political Gender Stereotypes can primarily be explained by beliefs about the traits of men and women in general, other Stereotypes are more related to knowledge about politics. This study suggests that whereas some political Gender Stereotypes may change if differences in the behavior of men and women politicians narrow, other Stereotypes may be more enduring and less susceptible to change.
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Gender Stereotypes and vote choice
American Journal of Political Science, 2002Co-Authors: Kira SanbonmatsuAbstract:second body of research argues that voters employ Gender Stereotypes when they evaluate candidates. These studies are usually based on experiments which manipulate candi? date Gender. This study seeks to unite these literatures by incorporating Gender Stereotypes and hypothetical vote questions involving two candidates in one model. I argue that many voters have a baseline Gender preference to vote for male over female candidates, or female over male candidates.
Faye L. Wachs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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parent child math anxiety and math Gender Stereotypes predict adolescents math education outcomes
Frontiers in Psychology, 2015Co-Authors: Bettina J. Casad, Patricia Hale, Faye L. WachsAbstract:Two studies examined social determinants of adolescents' math anxiety including parents' own math anxiety and children's endorsement of math-Gender Stereotypes. In Study 1, parent-child dyads were surveyed and the interaction between parent and child math anxiety was examined, with an eye to same- and other-Gender dyads. Results indicate that parent's math anxiety interacts with daughters' and sons' anxiety to predict math self-efficacy, GPA, behavioral intentions, math attitudes, and math devaluing. Parents with lower math anxiety showed a positive relationship to children's math outcomes when children also had lower anxiety. The strongest relationships were found with same-Gender dyads, particularly Mother-Daughter dyads. Study 2 showed that endorsement of math-Gender Stereotypes predicts math anxiety (and not vice versa) for performance beliefs and outcomes (self-efficacy and GPA). Further, math anxiety fully mediated the relationship between Gender Stereotypes and math self-efficacy for girls and boys, and for boys with GPA. These findings address gaps in the literature on the role of parents' math anxiety in the effects of children's math anxiety and math anxiety as a mechanism affecting performance. Results have implications for interventions on parents' math anxiety and dispelling Gender Stereotypes in math classrooms.
Madeline E Heilman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Gender Stereotypes: Impediments to Women’s Career Progress
Auswahl von Männern und Frauen als Führungskräfte, 2015Co-Authors: Madeline E HeilmanAbstract:This chapter describes how both descriptive and prescriptive Gender Stereotypes can give rise to Gender bias and discrimination in work settings, creating obstacles for upwardly aspiring women. It describes how descriptive Gender Stereotypes produce negative performance expectations that are a result of perceived lack of fit, and how these expectations lead to faulty information processing and biased evaluations. It also describes how prescriptive Gender Stereotypes promote Gender bias by designating “shoulds” and “should nots” for women—normative standards that prompt disapproval and dislike both when directly violated and when violation is inferred because of a woman’s success. Some methods for deterring the negative effects of Gender Stereotypes are explored.
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Gender Stereotypes impediments to women s career progress
2015Co-Authors: Madeline E HeilmanAbstract:This chapter describes how both descriptive and prescriptive Gender Stereotypes can give rise to Gender bias and discrimination in work settings, creating obstacles for upwardly aspiring women. It describes how descriptive Gender Stereotypes produce negative performance expectations that are a result of perceived lack of fit, and how these expectations lead to faulty information processing and biased evaluations. It also describes how prescriptive Gender Stereotypes promote Gender bias by designating “shoulds” and “should nots” for women—normative standards that prompt disapproval and dislike both when directly violated and when violation is inferred because of a woman’s success. Some methods for deterring the negative effects of Gender Stereotypes are explored.
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Gender Stereotypes and workplace bias
Research in Organizational Behavior, 2012Co-Authors: Madeline E HeilmanAbstract:Abstract This paper focuses on the workplace consequences of both descriptive Gender Stereotypes (designating what women and men are like) and prescriptive Gender Stereotypes (designating what women and men should be like), and their implications for women's career progress. Its central argument is that Gender Stereotypes give rise to biased judgments and decisions, impeding women's advancement. The paper discusses how descriptive Gender Stereotypes promote Gender bias because of the negative performance expectations that result from the perception that there is a poor fit between what women are like and the attributes believed necessary for successful performance in male Gender-typed positions and roles. It also discusses how prescriptive Gender Stereotypes promote Gender bias by creating normative standards for behavior that induce disapproval and social penalties when they are directly violated or when violation is inferred because a woman is successful. Research is presented that tests these ideas, considers specific career consequences likely to result from stereotype-based bias, and identifies conditions that exaggerate or minimize the likelihood of their occurrence.
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Gender Stereotypes in the workplace obstacles to women s career progress
Advances in Group Processes, 2007Co-Authors: Madeline E Heilman, Elizabeth J ParksstammAbstract:This chapter focuses on the implications of both the descriptive and prescriptive aspects of Gender Stereotypes for women in the workplace. Using the Lack of Fit model, we review how performance expectations deriving from descriptive Gender Stereotypes (i.e., what women are like) can impede women's career progress. We then identify organizational conditions that may weaken the influence of these expectations. In addition, we discuss how prescriptive Gender Stereotypes (i.e., what women should be like) promote sex bias by creating norms that, when not followed, induce disapproval and social penalties for women. We then review recent research exploring the conditions under which women experience penalties for direct, or inferred, prescriptive norm violations.
