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Aleksandra Despotovic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cadmium concentrations in the liver of 10 different pig Genetic Lines from Vojvodina, Serbia.
Food additives & contaminants. Part B Surveillance, 2011Co-Authors: Vladimir Tomović, L. Petrovic, Marija Jokanović, Ž. S. Kevrešan, Mila Tomović, Natalija Džinić, Aleksandra DespotovicAbstract:Cadmium concentrations were determined in 480 liver samples from 10 different pig Genetic Lines produced in Vojvodina (Serbia). Cadmium levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after mineralization by dry ashing. The difference in cadmium levels in analysed liver tissues was not significant (p > 0.05) between the various Genetic Lines. However, large variations in cadmium levels (from 0.03 to 0.27 mg/kg) in liver tissues indicated its availability in the local agricultural environment in Vojvodina. The average level of cadmium (0.13 mg/kg) was higher than the levels reported in pork liver from some developed countries.
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Cadmium levels of kidney from 10 different pig Genetic Lines in Vojvodina (northern Serbia)
Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Vladimir Tomović, Marija Jokanović, Ž. S. Kevrešan, Mila Tomović, Natalija Džinić, Ljiljana Petrović, Aleksandra DespotovicAbstract:Abstract Concentration of cadmium was investigated in the kidney of 480 pigs from 10 different Genetic Lines, produced in Vojvodina (northern Serbia). This element was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after mineralisation by dry ashing. The Genetic line of pigs had no influence on the cadmium levels of kidney ( P > 0.05). The cadmium levels ranged from 0.168 to 1.160 mg/kg, with an average of 0.368 mg/kg. Only 1.9% of kidney slightly exceeded the maximum level set by EU and Serbian legislation.
Theodore Garland - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Food wasting by house mice: variation among individuals, families, and Genetic Lines.
Physiology & Behavior, 2003Co-Authors: Paweł Koteja, Patrick A Carter, John G Swallow, Theodore GarlandAbstract:Abstract Under ad libitum conditions, laboratory house mice ( Mus domesticus ) fragment considerable amounts of pelleted food and leave it scattered in their cages. The proportion of food thus wasted (in relation to food eaten) varies remarkably among individuals, from 2% to 40%, but is highly consistent in consecutive trials, even when the mice were moved from 22 to −10 °C and food consumption doubled. Food wasting did not differ either between the sexes or between Genetic Lines that had been selected (10 generations) for high voluntary wheel-running behavior ( n =4) and their unselected control Lines ( n =4). However, it varied significantly among replicate Lines within the selection groups and among families within the Lines (coefficient of intraclass correlation for full sibs, ρ f =0.41 in room temperature trials and ρ f =0.34 in cold trials). Moreover, the percent of food wasted was negatively correlated with food consumption in the cold trials (males: r =−.36, females: r =−.20) and with total litter mass at weaning (the litters into which they were born; r =−.24), two traits that may affect Darwinian fitness. We conclude that food wastage should not be ignored without justification in calculations of food consumption. In addition, “table manners” can convey reliable information about family origin of an individual and its quality, and therefore could potentially play a role in establishment of social status.
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Food wasting by house mice: variation among individuals, families, and Genetic Lines.
Physiology & behavior, 2003Co-Authors: Paweł Koteja, Patrick A Carter, John G Swallow, Theodore GarlandAbstract:Under ad libitum conditions, laboratory house mice (Mus domesticus) fragment considerable amounts of pelleted food and leave it scattered in their cages. The proportion of food thus wasted (in relation to food eaten) varies remarkably among individuals, from 2% to 40%, but is highly consistent in consecutive trials, even when the mice were moved from 22 to -10 degrees C and food consumption doubled. Food wasting did not differ either between the sexes or between Genetic Lines that had been selected (10 generations) for high voluntary wheel-running behavior (n=4) and their unselected control Lines (n=4). However, it varied significantly among replicate Lines within the selection groups and among families within the Lines (coefficient of intraclass correlation for full sibs, rhof=0.41 in room temperature trials and rhof=0.34 in cold trials). Moreover, the percent of food wasted was negatively correlated with food consumption in the cold trials (males: r=-.36, females: r=-.20) and with total litter mass at weaning (the litters into which they were born; r=-.24), two traits that may affect Darwinian fitness. We conclude that food wastage should not be ignored without justification in calculations of food consumption. In addition, "table manners" can convey reliable information about family origin of an individual and its quality, and therefore could potentially play a role in establishment of social status.
Vladimir Tomović - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Cadmium concentrations in the liver of 10 different pig Genetic Lines from Vojvodina, Serbia.
Food additives & contaminants. Part B Surveillance, 2011Co-Authors: Vladimir Tomović, L. Petrovic, Marija Jokanović, Ž. S. Kevrešan, Mila Tomović, Natalija Džinić, Aleksandra DespotovicAbstract:Cadmium concentrations were determined in 480 liver samples from 10 different pig Genetic Lines produced in Vojvodina (Serbia). Cadmium levels were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after mineralization by dry ashing. The difference in cadmium levels in analysed liver tissues was not significant (p > 0.05) between the various Genetic Lines. However, large variations in cadmium levels (from 0.03 to 0.27 mg/kg) in liver tissues indicated its availability in the local agricultural environment in Vojvodina. The average level of cadmium (0.13 mg/kg) was higher than the levels reported in pork liver from some developed countries.
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Nickel levels of liver from ten different pig Genetic Lines produced in Vojvodina
Biotehnologija u stocarstvu, 2011Co-Authors: Vladimir Tomović, L. Petrovic, Marija Jokanović, Ž. S. Kevrešan, N. Džinic, Tatjana Tasić, Predrag IkonićAbstract:The content of nickel was investigated in the liver of sixty-nine pigs from ten different Genetic Lines, produced in Vojvodina. Nickel was determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry after mineralization by dry ashing. The difference in the nickel content among different Genetic Lines of pigs was not significant (P > 0.05) in the analyzed liver tissues. Nickel levels ranged from 13.02 to 68.21 μg/100g with a general average of 26.73 μg/100g. Average nickel content, found in this study, is in agreement with the contents observed in pig liver in other countries.
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Cadmium levels of kidney from 10 different pig Genetic Lines in Vojvodina (northern Serbia)
Food Chemistry, 2011Co-Authors: Vladimir Tomović, Marija Jokanović, Ž. S. Kevrešan, Mila Tomović, Natalija Džinić, Ljiljana Petrović, Aleksandra DespotovicAbstract:Abstract Concentration of cadmium was investigated in the kidney of 480 pigs from 10 different Genetic Lines, produced in Vojvodina (northern Serbia). This element was determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry after mineralisation by dry ashing. The Genetic line of pigs had no influence on the cadmium levels of kidney ( P > 0.05). The cadmium levels ranged from 0.168 to 1.160 mg/kg, with an average of 0.368 mg/kg. Only 1.9% of kidney slightly exceeded the maximum level set by EU and Serbian legislation.
Karl E. Nestor - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Range and Confinement Rearing of Four Genetic Lines of Turkeys. 1. Effects on Growth, Mortality, and Walking Ability
Poultry science, 1996Co-Authors: D. O. Noble, Karl E. Nestor, C. R. PolleyAbstract:Abstract Line by environment interactions complicate interpretation of results from long-term selection experiments. To investigate the potential effects of such interactions, a study was conducted in which birds from four Genetic Lines were reared in two environments. Birds from four turkey Lines were brooded in confinement housing. At 8 wk of age, half of the birds from each full-sib family were moved to a large range pen and the remainder were placed in a large confinement pen. Significant line by environment interactions were present only for walking ability scores of males. A general lack of significant line by environment interactions indicates that rearing environment of these Lines may be altered without affecting interpretation of results from a selection experiment. In addition, the current randombred control Lines continue to adequately serve as control populations for a long-term selection experiment.
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Range and Confinement Rearing of Four Genetic Lines of Turkeys. 2. Effects on Behavior and Tonic Immobility
Poultry science, 1996Co-Authors: D. O. Noble, J. W. Anderson, Karl E. NestorAbstract:Abstract An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of range and confinement rearing on behavior and tonic immobility of four Genetic Lines of turkeys. Lines of turkeys utilized were selected for increased body weight, or increased shank diameter, or were randombred control Lines developed in 1966 and 1986. Birds from the four Lines were brooded Lines and sexes intermingled to 8 wk of age in confinement. At that time, half the birds from each full-sib family were moved to a large range pen and the remaining birds were moved to a large confinement pen. Selection for increased body weight has resulted in an increased number of eating bouts, decreased duration of walking bouts, and greater fear response (as measured by tonic immobility inductions and duration). Rearing environment affected drinking, eating, and resting behavior. Range-reared birds had fewer drinking bouts of increased duration, and longer eating and resting bouts than did their confinement-reared contemporaries. There were no line by environment interactions, indicating that the four Lines responded similarly in both rearing environments.
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Beak Trimming of Turkeys. 1. Effects of Three Methods of Beak Trimming on Body Weight and Mortality of Six Genetic Lines
Poultry science, 1996Co-Authors: D. O. Noble, K. K. Krueger, Karl E. NestorAbstract:An experiment was designed to compare BW and mortality of turkeys when three methods of beak trimming were utilized. Turkeys from six Genetic Lines were assigned to three beak trimming methods: arc beak trimming at hatching, hot-blade block trimming at 13 d, or hot-blade top-beak-only trimming at 13 d. Beak trimming method influenced 8-wk BW of three Lines of females, but did not affect female BW at 16 wk. Beak trimming method influenced 8-wk BW of males from one line and 16-wk BW of a different line. There were no effects of method of beak trimming on 20-wk BW of either males or females from any line. Neither Lines nor beak treatments differed in mortality.
Susan J. Lamont - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genetic Lines respond uniquely within the chicken thymic transcriptome to acute heat stress and low dose lipopolysaccharide
Scientific reports, 2019Co-Authors: Melissa S. Monson, Angelica Van Goor, Michael E. Persia, Max F. Rothschild, Carl J. Schmidt, Susan J. LamontAbstract:Exposure to high temperatures is known to impair immune functions and disease resistance of poultry. Characterizing changes in the transcriptome can help identify mechanisms by which immune tissues, such as the thymus, respond to heat stress. In this study, 22-day-old chickens from two Genetic Lines (a relatively resistant Fayoumi line and a more susceptible broiler line) were exposed to acute heat stress (35 °C) and/or immune simulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 100 µg/kg). Transcriptome responses in the thymus were identified by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Expression of most genes was unaffected by heat and/or LPS in the Fayoumi line, whereas these treatments had more impact in the broiler line. Comparisons between the broiler and Fayoumi transcriptomes identified a large number of significant genes both at homeostasis and in response to treatment. Functional analyses predicted that gene expression changes impact immune responses, apoptosis, cell activation, migration, and adhesion. In broilers, acute heat stress changed thymic expression responses to LPS and could impact thymocyte survival and trafficking, and thereby contribute to the negative effects of high temperatures on immune responses. Identification of these genes and pathways provides a foundation for testing targets to improve disease resistance in heat-stressed chickens.
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Genetic Lines differ in Toll-like receptor gene expression in spleens of chicks inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis
Poultry science, 2009Co-Authors: Behnam Abasht, Michael G. Kaiser, J.j. Van Der Poel, Susan J. LamontAbstract:Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize evolutionarily conserved molecular motifs (pathogen-associated molecular patterns) of infectious microbes and initiate innate immune response upon activation with relevant pathogens. This study investigated the acute effect of Salmonella Enteritidis challenge on TLR mRNA expression in cecum and spleen of birds from 3 distinct Genetic Lines. Chicks from broiler, Leghorn, and Fayoumi Lines were inoculated or mock-inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis. The mRNA expression levels of TLR2, TLR4, and TLR5 genes were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR of cecum and spleen tissue harvested at 2 or 18 h postinoculation (PI). There were no significant Genetic line effects on TLR mRNA expression in spleen or cecum of mock-infected birds, or in the cecum of infected birds. Genetic line effect was significant (P < 0.05) on TLR mRNA expression in the spleen of Salmonella Enteritidis-infected birds. The Fayoumi line had higher TLR2 and TLR4 expression than Leghorn, higher TLR2 mRNA expression than broiler, and the broiler line had higher TLR5 expression than Leghorn and Fayoumi. In Salmonella Enteritidis-infected birds, the TLR2 expression in both cecum and spleen and TLR4 expression in spleen were significantly higher at 18 h PI than 2 h PI. The results demonstrate a significant Genetic line effect on TLR expression in the spleen of Salmonella Enteritidis-infected birds, which may partly explain Genetic variability in immune response to Salmonella Enteritidis.
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Effect of Genetics, vaccine dosage, and postvaccination sampling interval on early antibody response to Salmonella enteritidis vaccine in broiler breeder chicks.
Poultry science, 1998Co-Authors: Michael G. Kaiser, T. L. Wing, Susan J. LamontAbstract:Broiler breeder chicks of two different Genetic Lines were evaluated for early antibody response to Salmonella enteritidis (SE) vaccine. Antibody responses to three dosages of SE vaccine administered at 22 d of age were measured at 3, 6, and 10 d postvaccination. Within each line, antibody levels at 10 d postvaccination were significantly higher than at either 3 or 6 d postvaccination. At all vaccine dosages, there was a significant antibody-response difference between the Genetic Lines at 6 and 10 d postvaccination. The vaccine dosage significantly affected antibody levels in one of the two Genetic Lines. These results demonstrate a Genetic component of early antibody response to SE vaccine in broiler breeder chicks.
