The Experts below are selected from a list of 539583 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
John E. Mullet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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energy sorghum a Genetic Model for the design of c4 grass bioenergy crops
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2014Co-Authors: John E. Mullet, Daryl T. Morishige, Ryan F. Mccormick, Sandra K. Truong, Josie Hilley, Brian Mckinley, Robert Anderson, Sara N. Olson, William L. RooneyAbstract:Sorghum is emerging as an excellent Genetic Model for the design of C4 grass bioenergy crops. Annual energy Sorghum hybrids also serve as a source of biomass for bioenergy production. Elucidation of Sorghum's flowering time gene regulatory network, and identification of complementary alleles for photoperiod sensitivity, enabled large-scale generation of energy Sorghum hybrids for testing and commercial use. Energy Sorghum hybrids with long vegetative growth phases were found to accumulate more than twice as much biomass as grain Sorghum, owing to extended growing seasons, greater light interception, and higher radiation use efficiency. High biomass yield, efficient nitrogen recycling, and preferential accumulation of stem biomass with low nitrogen content contributed to energy Sorghum's elevated nitrogen use efficiency. Sorghum's integrated Genetics-genomics-breeding platform, diverse germplasm, and the opportunity for annual testing of new Genetic designs in controlled environments and in multiple field locations is aiding fundamental discovery, and accelerating the improvement of biomass yield and optimization of composition for biofuels production. Recent advances in wide hybridization between Sorghum and other C4 grasses could allow the deployment of improved Genetic designs of annual energy Sorghums in the form of wide-hybrid perennial crops. The current trajectory of energy Sorghum Genetic improvement indicates that it will be possible to sustainably produce biofuels from C4 grass bioenergy crops that are cost competitive with petroleum-based transportation fuels.
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high biomass yield energy sorghum developing a Genetic Model for c4 grass bioenergy crops
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2012Co-Authors: Sara N. Olson, William L. Rooney, Kimberley B Ritter, Armen R Kemanian, Bruce A Mccarl, Yuquan W Zhang, Susan Hall, Dan Packer, John E. MulletAbstract:A first-generation energy sorghum hybrid with enhanced photoperiod sensitivity and long growth duration accumulated more than twice as much biomass as grain sorghum. The energy sorghum produced more leaves (~45 vs 17–20), longer stems (~4 vs 1.5 meters) and had a higher stem-to-leaf biomass ratio than grain sorghum. At the end of the season, energy sorghum stems represented 83% of the plant's shoot biomass. The greater biomass accumulation was due to longer growth duration, a higher leaf area index, greater radiation interception, and higher radiation use efficiency. When grown under dryland or limited irrigation conditions, the rate of biomass accumulation by the energy sorghum hybrid was reduced in mid-season. This decrease was most apparent in August due to summer water deficit; however plants recovered when rain occurred in September. Crop growth Modeling and biomass accumulation rates measured under optimal field conditions show that energy sorghum, like other C4 energy grasses, has excellent biomass yield potential. The greenhouse gas offset values of energy sorghum hybrids, grown in large and small field plots, and under fully irrigated and dryland conditions, ranged from 63–78% for cellulosic ethanol production and 88–95% for power generation. This study shows that drought-tolerant, annual energy sorghum hybrids have the Genetic yield potential to contribute significantly to bioenergy production. Sorghum is a Genetically tractable, diverse species with a good genomics platform, making energy sorghum a promising Genetic Model for the design of C4 grass energy crops. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
William L. Rooney - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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energy sorghum a Genetic Model for the design of c4 grass bioenergy crops
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2014Co-Authors: John E. Mullet, Daryl T. Morishige, Ryan F. Mccormick, Sandra K. Truong, Josie Hilley, Brian Mckinley, Robert Anderson, Sara N. Olson, William L. RooneyAbstract:Sorghum is emerging as an excellent Genetic Model for the design of C4 grass bioenergy crops. Annual energy Sorghum hybrids also serve as a source of biomass for bioenergy production. Elucidation of Sorghum's flowering time gene regulatory network, and identification of complementary alleles for photoperiod sensitivity, enabled large-scale generation of energy Sorghum hybrids for testing and commercial use. Energy Sorghum hybrids with long vegetative growth phases were found to accumulate more than twice as much biomass as grain Sorghum, owing to extended growing seasons, greater light interception, and higher radiation use efficiency. High biomass yield, efficient nitrogen recycling, and preferential accumulation of stem biomass with low nitrogen content contributed to energy Sorghum's elevated nitrogen use efficiency. Sorghum's integrated Genetics-genomics-breeding platform, diverse germplasm, and the opportunity for annual testing of new Genetic designs in controlled environments and in multiple field locations is aiding fundamental discovery, and accelerating the improvement of biomass yield and optimization of composition for biofuels production. Recent advances in wide hybridization between Sorghum and other C4 grasses could allow the deployment of improved Genetic designs of annual energy Sorghums in the form of wide-hybrid perennial crops. The current trajectory of energy Sorghum Genetic improvement indicates that it will be possible to sustainably produce biofuels from C4 grass bioenergy crops that are cost competitive with petroleum-based transportation fuels.
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high biomass yield energy sorghum developing a Genetic Model for c4 grass bioenergy crops
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2012Co-Authors: Sara N. Olson, William L. Rooney, Kimberley B Ritter, Armen R Kemanian, Bruce A Mccarl, Yuquan W Zhang, Susan Hall, Dan Packer, John E. MulletAbstract:A first-generation energy sorghum hybrid with enhanced photoperiod sensitivity and long growth duration accumulated more than twice as much biomass as grain sorghum. The energy sorghum produced more leaves (~45 vs 17–20), longer stems (~4 vs 1.5 meters) and had a higher stem-to-leaf biomass ratio than grain sorghum. At the end of the season, energy sorghum stems represented 83% of the plant's shoot biomass. The greater biomass accumulation was due to longer growth duration, a higher leaf area index, greater radiation interception, and higher radiation use efficiency. When grown under dryland or limited irrigation conditions, the rate of biomass accumulation by the energy sorghum hybrid was reduced in mid-season. This decrease was most apparent in August due to summer water deficit; however plants recovered when rain occurred in September. Crop growth Modeling and biomass accumulation rates measured under optimal field conditions show that energy sorghum, like other C4 energy grasses, has excellent biomass yield potential. The greenhouse gas offset values of energy sorghum hybrids, grown in large and small field plots, and under fully irrigated and dryland conditions, ranged from 63–78% for cellulosic ethanol production and 88–95% for power generation. This study shows that drought-tolerant, annual energy sorghum hybrids have the Genetic yield potential to contribute significantly to bioenergy production. Sorghum is a Genetically tractable, diverse species with a good genomics platform, making energy sorghum a promising Genetic Model for the design of C4 grass energy crops. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Sara N. Olson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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energy sorghum a Genetic Model for the design of c4 grass bioenergy crops
Journal of Experimental Botany, 2014Co-Authors: John E. Mullet, Daryl T. Morishige, Ryan F. Mccormick, Sandra K. Truong, Josie Hilley, Brian Mckinley, Robert Anderson, Sara N. Olson, William L. RooneyAbstract:Sorghum is emerging as an excellent Genetic Model for the design of C4 grass bioenergy crops. Annual energy Sorghum hybrids also serve as a source of biomass for bioenergy production. Elucidation of Sorghum's flowering time gene regulatory network, and identification of complementary alleles for photoperiod sensitivity, enabled large-scale generation of energy Sorghum hybrids for testing and commercial use. Energy Sorghum hybrids with long vegetative growth phases were found to accumulate more than twice as much biomass as grain Sorghum, owing to extended growing seasons, greater light interception, and higher radiation use efficiency. High biomass yield, efficient nitrogen recycling, and preferential accumulation of stem biomass with low nitrogen content contributed to energy Sorghum's elevated nitrogen use efficiency. Sorghum's integrated Genetics-genomics-breeding platform, diverse germplasm, and the opportunity for annual testing of new Genetic designs in controlled environments and in multiple field locations is aiding fundamental discovery, and accelerating the improvement of biomass yield and optimization of composition for biofuels production. Recent advances in wide hybridization between Sorghum and other C4 grasses could allow the deployment of improved Genetic designs of annual energy Sorghums in the form of wide-hybrid perennial crops. The current trajectory of energy Sorghum Genetic improvement indicates that it will be possible to sustainably produce biofuels from C4 grass bioenergy crops that are cost competitive with petroleum-based transportation fuels.
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high biomass yield energy sorghum developing a Genetic Model for c4 grass bioenergy crops
Biofuels Bioproducts and Biorefining, 2012Co-Authors: Sara N. Olson, William L. Rooney, Kimberley B Ritter, Armen R Kemanian, Bruce A Mccarl, Yuquan W Zhang, Susan Hall, Dan Packer, John E. MulletAbstract:A first-generation energy sorghum hybrid with enhanced photoperiod sensitivity and long growth duration accumulated more than twice as much biomass as grain sorghum. The energy sorghum produced more leaves (~45 vs 17–20), longer stems (~4 vs 1.5 meters) and had a higher stem-to-leaf biomass ratio than grain sorghum. At the end of the season, energy sorghum stems represented 83% of the plant's shoot biomass. The greater biomass accumulation was due to longer growth duration, a higher leaf area index, greater radiation interception, and higher radiation use efficiency. When grown under dryland or limited irrigation conditions, the rate of biomass accumulation by the energy sorghum hybrid was reduced in mid-season. This decrease was most apparent in August due to summer water deficit; however plants recovered when rain occurred in September. Crop growth Modeling and biomass accumulation rates measured under optimal field conditions show that energy sorghum, like other C4 energy grasses, has excellent biomass yield potential. The greenhouse gas offset values of energy sorghum hybrids, grown in large and small field plots, and under fully irrigated and dryland conditions, ranged from 63–78% for cellulosic ethanol production and 88–95% for power generation. This study shows that drought-tolerant, annual energy sorghum hybrids have the Genetic yield potential to contribute significantly to bioenergy production. Sorghum is a Genetically tractable, diverse species with a good genomics platform, making energy sorghum a promising Genetic Model for the design of C4 grass energy crops. © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Anna R Carta - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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neuroprotection by the immunomodulatory drug pomalidomide in the drosophila lrrk2wd40 Genetic Model of parkinson s disease
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 2020Co-Authors: Maria Antonietta Casu, Ignazia Mocci, Raffaella Isola, Augusta Pisanu, Laura Boi, Giovanna Mulas, Nigel H Greig, Maria Dolores Setzu, Anna R CartaAbstract:The search for new disease-modifying drugs for Parkinson's disease (PD) is a slow and highly expensive process, and the repurposing of drugs already approved for different medical indications is becoming a compelling alternative option for researchers. Genetic variables represent a predisposing factor to the disease and mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) locus have been correlated to late-onset autosomal-dominant PD. The common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster carrying the mutation LRRK2 loss-of-function in the WD40 domain (LRRK2WD40), is a simple in vivo Model of PD and is a valid tool to first evaluate novel therapeutic approaches to the disease. Recent studies have suggested a neuroprotective activity of immunomodulatory agents in PD Models. Here the immunomodulatory drug Pomalidomide (POM), a Thalidomide derivative, was examined in the Drosophila LRRK2WD40 Genetic Model of PD. Mutant and wild type flies received increasing POM doses (1, 0.5, 0.25 mM) through their diet from day 1 post eclosion, until postnatal day (PN) 7 or 14, when POM's actions were evaluated by quantifying changes in climbing behavior as a measure of motor performance, the number of brain dopaminergic neurons and T-bars, mitochondria integrity. LRRK2WD40 flies displayed a spontaneous age-related impairment of climbing activity, and POM significantly and dose-dependently improved climbing performance both at PN 7 and PN 14. LRRK2WD40 fly motor disability was underpinned by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in posterior clusters of the protocerebrum, which are involved in the control of locomotion, by a low number of T-bars density in the presynaptic bouton active zones. POM treatment fully rescued the cell loss in all posterior clusters at PN 7 and PN 14 and significantly increased the T-bars density. Moreover, several damaged mitochondria with dilated cristae were observed in LRRK2WD40 flies treated with vehicle but not following POM. This study demonstrates the neuroprotective activity of the immunomodulatory agent POM in a Genetic Model of PD. POM is an FDA-approved clinically available and well-tolerated drug used for the treatment of multiple myeloma. If further validated in mammalian Models of PD, POM could rapidly be clinically tested in humans.
K L Parker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Knockout mice lacking steroidogenic factor 1 are a novel Genetic Model of hypothalamic obesity
Endocrinology, 2002Co-Authors: Gregor Majdic, Morag J. Young, Elise P. Gomez-sanchez, Paul Anderson, Lidia S. Szczepaniak, Robert L. Dobbins, J. Denis Mcgarry, K L ParkerAbstract:Knockout (KO) mice lacking steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) exhibit a phenotype that includes adrenal and gonadal agenesis, impaired gonadotropin expression, and abnormalities of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). Studies in rodents with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus have implicated the VMH in body weight regulation, suggesting that SF-1 KO mice may provide a Genetic Model of obesity. To prevent death, SF-1 KO mice were rescued with corticosteroid injections, followed by syngeneic adrenal transplants from wild-type (WT) littermates. Corticosterone and ACTH levels in WT and SF-1 KO mice were indistinguishable, documenting restoration of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. Although weights at earlier ages did not differ significantly from WT littermates, SF-1 KO mice were significantly heavier by 8 wk of age and eventually weighed almost twice as much as WT controls. Obesity in SF-1 KO mice predominantly resulted from decreased activity rather than increased food intake. Leptin was increased markedly, insulin was modestly elevated, and glucose was indistinguishable from WT mice. Although sex steroids in rodents affect weight, ovariectomy did not abolish the weight difference between WT and SF-1 KO mice. These SF-1 KO mice are a Genetic Model of late-onset obesity that may help elucidate the role of the VMH in weight regulation.
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knockout mice lacking steroidogenic factor 1 are a novel Genetic Model of hypothalamic obesity
Endocrinology, 2002Co-Authors: Gregor Majdic, Morag J. Young, Paul Anderson, Lidia S. Szczepaniak, Robert L. Dobbins, Elise P Gomezsanchez, Denis J Mcgarry, K L ParkerAbstract:Knockout (KO) mice lacking steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1) exhibit a phenotype that includes adrenal and gonadal agenesis, impaired gonadotropin expression, and abnormalities of the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus (VMH). Studies in rodents with lesions of the ventromedial hypothalamus have implicated the VMH in body weight regulation, suggesting that SF-1 KO mice may provide a Genetic Model of obesity. To prevent death, SF-1 KO mice were rescued with corticosteroid injections, followed by syngeneic adrenal transplants from wild-type (WT) littermates. Corticosterone and ACTH levels in WT and SF-1 KO mice were indistinguishable, documenting restoration of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function. Although weights at earlier ages did not differ significantly from WT littermates, SF-1 KO mice were significantly heavier by 8 wk of age and eventually weighed almost twice as much as WT controls. Obesity in SF-1 KO mice predominantly resulted from decreased activity rather than increased food intake. Leptin was increased markedly, insulin was modestly elevated, and glucose was indistinguishable from WT mice. Although sex steroids in rodents affect weight, ovariectomy did not abolish the weight difference between WT and SF-1 KO mice. These SF-1 KO mice are a Genetic Model of late-onset obesity that may help elucidate the role of the VMH in weight regulation. (Endocrinology 143: 607– 614, 2002)