The Experts below are selected from a list of 40392 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Adelio Mendes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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development of hermetic Glass Frit encapsulation for perovskite solar cells
Journal of Physics D, 2019Co-Authors: Seyedali Emami, Joaquim Mendes, Jorge Martins, Rube Madureira, Daniel Hernandez, Gabriel Ernardo, Adelio MendesAbstract:A hermetic laser-assisted Glass Frit encapsulation, at a process temperature of 120 °C, was developed for perovskite solar cell application. The hermeticity and long-term stability of the sealing was examined based on standard tests for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Encapsulations using fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated Glass substrates displayed 8.93 × 10−8 atm cm3 s−1 air leak rate after five cycles of a humidity-freeze test according to the IEC61646 standard; a rate lower than the reject limit of the MIL-STD-883 standard test for fine leaks. Devices sealed with a TiO2 blocking layer and FTO scribing—denoted as an empty perovskite solar cell—showed that the encapsulation is compatible with the various thermal coefficient of expansion regions of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The applicability of the MIL-STD-883 standard was studied in detail and it was concluded that a new method is required to measure the fine helium leak rate of devices with cavity sizes larger than 5.5 × 5.5 cm2. The developed sealing process is scalable for larger devices; therefore, it guarantees a new step forward for the industrialization of PSCs.
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Development of hermetic Glass Frit encapsulation for perovskite solar cells
'IOP Publishing', 2019Co-Authors: Seyedali Emami, Joaquim Mendes, Jorge Martins, Rube Madureira, Daniel Hernandez, Gabriel Ernardo, Adelio MendesAbstract:A hermetic laser-assisted Glass Frit encapsulation, at a process temperature of 120 degrees C, was developed for perovskite solar cell application. The hermeticity and long-term stability of the sealing was examined based on standard tests for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Encapsulations using fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO)-coated Glass substrates displayed 8.93 x 10(-8) atm center dot cm(3) center dot s(-1) air leak rate after five cycles of a humidity-freeze test according to the IEC61646 standard; a rate lower than the reject limit of the MIL-STD-883 standard test for fine leaks. Devices sealed with a TiO2 blocking layer and FTO scribing-denoted as an empty perovskite solar cell-showed that the encapsulation is compatible with the various thermal coefficient of expansion regions of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The applicability of the MIL-STD-883 standard was studied in detail and it was concluded that a new method is required to measure the fine helium leak rate of devices with cavity sizes larger than 5.5 x 5.5 cm(2). The developed sealing process is scalable for larger devices; therefore, it guarantees a new step forward for the industrialization of PSCs
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low temperature hermetic laser assisted Glass Frit encapsulation of soda lime Glass substrates
Optics and Lasers in Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Seyedali Emami, Joaquim Mendes, Luisa Andrade, Jorge Martins, Adelio MendesAbstract:Abstract Room temperature and low temperature (120 °C) laser-assisted Glass Frit bonding of soda-lime Glass substrates are accomplished in this work. The locally laser melted bonding showed hermeticity with helium leak rate of −8 atm cm 3 s −1 , maintaining its leak rate even after standard climatic cycle tests. Small size devices were bonded at room temperature while larger areas were sealed at the process temperature of 120 °C. The sealing parameters were optimized through response surface methodology that makes the process capable for further development regardless of device size.
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laser assisted Glass Frit sealing for production large area dscs panels
Solar Energy, 2016Co-Authors: D K Ivanou, J Macaira, Rute Marisa Rego Dos Santos, Luisa Andrade, Adelio MendesAbstract:Abstract For the first time laser assisted sealing using lead-free Glass Frit was successfully applied for producing a DSC panel with a total sealed area of 1638 cm2 and active area of 990 cm2. The panel comprises 90 DSCs individual Glass sealed cells (140 mm × 13 mm) arranged in 10 sub-modules (150 mm × 150 mm). Indoor aging of individual sub-modules in dark and at ambient temperature for 100 days showed rather small decrease of the photocurrent conversion efficiency: −1.23 · 10−4 day−1. The DSC panel was tested under outdoor working conditions during 47 days in summer time (Porto, Portugal), where the average day illumination level was about 6 kW h m−2. After 47 days of continuous power production the assembled panel kept 86% of the initial efficiency. No leakage of electrolyte or visual defects in the sealed Glass Frit were detected. Glass sealed DSCs performed superior stability under 1000 h of ageing in a climatic chamber when compared to polymer sealed cells. The results show that the laser assisted sealing can be applied to large area DSC modules.
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Glass Glass laser assisted Glass Frit bonding
IEEE Transactions on Components Packaging and Manufacturing Technology, 2012Co-Authors: Ricardo Pedrini Cruz, J A Da Cruz Ranita, J Macaira, Fernando Ribeiro, A M Da Silva, Jose Martinho Oliveira, M H Fernandes, H A Ribeiro, Joaquim Mendes, Adelio MendesAbstract:A novel sealing method is proposed for encapsulating devices comprised of Glass substrates. This sealing method is based on applying a Glass Frit paste cord onto the substrate and then using a laser beam to locally supply the necessary energy to allow the formation of a hermetic bonding layer. A detailed description of the laser bonding technique, the necessary equipment and method, and a preliminary study is carried out. The need to apply mechanical pressure during the bonding step is averted, thus facilitating the manufacturing process. The Glass bonding cord obtained by the laser-assisted process was found to have an excellent contact with both substrates and no gas inclusions or voids were detected, indicating that an effective sealing was achieved. Preliminary hermeticity tests of the laser-bonded cells yielded encouraging results. The developed laser-assisted Glass Frit bonding process is a promising technique for obtaining hermetic sealing of photoelectronic and electrochemical devices, as it allows temperature-sensitive materials to be used inside them.
Yun Cha Kang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of bi based Glass Frit having similar mean size and morphology to those of silver powders at high firing temperatures
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010Co-Authors: Jung Hyu Kim, Hye Young Koo, Yun Cha KangAbstract:Abstract Bi 2 O 3 –ZnO–SiO 2 –B 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 –CaO Glass Frits with Glass transition temperature of 442 °C are prepared by spray pyrolysis. The mean size of the Glass Frits prepared at 1400 °C is 0.87 μm. The grain size of the silver conducting film formed from the Ag paste increases with increasing addition amount of Glass Frit. The Glass Frit improves the adhesion strength of the silver conducting film to the Si wafer substrate. Glass material is well distributed inside the grains of the silver conducting films fired at 600 °C, in which segregation of the Glass material did not occur. Segregation of Glass material in grain boundaries of the silver conducting films increases with increasing firing temperatures. The specific resistances of the silver conducting films with 3 and 5 wt.% Glass material of silver component are 2.6 and 2.8 μΩ cm at a firing temperature of 700 °C.
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characteristics of pb based Glass Frit prepared by spray pyrolysis as the inorganic binder of silver electrode for si solar cells
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010Co-Authors: Hye Young Koo, Jung Hyu Kim, Yun Cha KangAbstract:Abstract Pb-based Glass Frit, which acts as an inorganic binder of a silver electrode in Si solar cells, is directly prepared by spray pyrolysis. The optimum temperature for the preparation of a spherical-shaped Glass Frit with narrow size distribution was 1400 °C. The mean size and geometric standard deviation of the Glass Frit were 0.86 μm and 1.63, respectively. The Glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the Glass Frit prepared by spray pyrolysis was 487.2 °C. Melting of silver powders occurred at a firing temperature of 500 °C. However, a number of pores inside silver conducting films fired at a temperature of 500 °C are observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Silver conducting films fired at temperatures of 700 °C and 800 °C had dense structures with a small number of internal pores. The silver conducting film fired at a temperature of 800 °C had a large grain size. Glass materials were segregated between micron-sized silver grains at high firing temperatures of 700 °C and 800 °C. The specific resistance of silver conducting films made from Glass Frit prepared at a temperature of 1400 °C decreased from 4.5 μΩ cm to 2.6 μΩ cm.
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fine size pb based Glass Frit with spherical shape as the inorganic binder of al electrode for si solar cells
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010Co-Authors: Hye Young Koo, Jung Hyu Kim, Yun Cha Kang, Hye Moo LeeAbstract:Abstract Pb-rich PbO–SiO 2 –B 2 O 3 –ZnO Glass Frits, which are used as an inorganic binder for Al electrodes for backside contact in single-crystalline or polycrystalline Si solar cells, were directly prepared by spray pyrolysis. Spherical Glass Frits with dense structure and an amorphous phase were prepared by spray pyrolysis at temperatures of 1100 and 1200 °C. The mean diameter and Glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the Glass Frits were 0.92 μm and 328.5 °C, respectively. The use of Glass Frits enhanced the contact between the Al powders in Al films and the films. The addition of Glass Frits also enhanced the adhesion properties of the conducting Al films. The sheet resistances of Al films with thicknesses of 14 and 37 μm that were formed from Al paste without Glass Frits at a firing temperature of 900 °C were 50.5 and 29.4 mΩ/sq, respectively, while those of Al films with thicknesses of 15 and 36 μm that were formed from Al paste with Glass Frits at the same firing temperature were 31.8 and 10.8 mΩ/sq, respectively.
Hye Young Koo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of bi based Glass Frit having similar mean size and morphology to those of silver powders at high firing temperatures
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010Co-Authors: Jung Hyu Kim, Hye Young Koo, Yun Cha KangAbstract:Abstract Bi 2 O 3 –ZnO–SiO 2 –B 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 –CaO Glass Frits with Glass transition temperature of 442 °C are prepared by spray pyrolysis. The mean size of the Glass Frits prepared at 1400 °C is 0.87 μm. The grain size of the silver conducting film formed from the Ag paste increases with increasing addition amount of Glass Frit. The Glass Frit improves the adhesion strength of the silver conducting film to the Si wafer substrate. Glass material is well distributed inside the grains of the silver conducting films fired at 600 °C, in which segregation of the Glass material did not occur. Segregation of Glass material in grain boundaries of the silver conducting films increases with increasing firing temperatures. The specific resistances of the silver conducting films with 3 and 5 wt.% Glass material of silver component are 2.6 and 2.8 μΩ cm at a firing temperature of 700 °C.
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characteristics of pb based Glass Frit prepared by spray pyrolysis as the inorganic binder of silver electrode for si solar cells
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010Co-Authors: Hye Young Koo, Jung Hyu Kim, Yun Cha KangAbstract:Abstract Pb-based Glass Frit, which acts as an inorganic binder of a silver electrode in Si solar cells, is directly prepared by spray pyrolysis. The optimum temperature for the preparation of a spherical-shaped Glass Frit with narrow size distribution was 1400 °C. The mean size and geometric standard deviation of the Glass Frit were 0.86 μm and 1.63, respectively. The Glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the Glass Frit prepared by spray pyrolysis was 487.2 °C. Melting of silver powders occurred at a firing temperature of 500 °C. However, a number of pores inside silver conducting films fired at a temperature of 500 °C are observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Silver conducting films fired at temperatures of 700 °C and 800 °C had dense structures with a small number of internal pores. The silver conducting film fired at a temperature of 800 °C had a large grain size. Glass materials were segregated between micron-sized silver grains at high firing temperatures of 700 °C and 800 °C. The specific resistance of silver conducting films made from Glass Frit prepared at a temperature of 1400 °C decreased from 4.5 μΩ cm to 2.6 μΩ cm.
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fine size pb based Glass Frit with spherical shape as the inorganic binder of al electrode for si solar cells
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010Co-Authors: Hye Young Koo, Jung Hyu Kim, Yun Cha Kang, Hye Moo LeeAbstract:Abstract Pb-rich PbO–SiO 2 –B 2 O 3 –ZnO Glass Frits, which are used as an inorganic binder for Al electrodes for backside contact in single-crystalline or polycrystalline Si solar cells, were directly prepared by spray pyrolysis. Spherical Glass Frits with dense structure and an amorphous phase were prepared by spray pyrolysis at temperatures of 1100 and 1200 °C. The mean diameter and Glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the Glass Frits were 0.92 μm and 328.5 °C, respectively. The use of Glass Frits enhanced the contact between the Al powders in Al films and the films. The addition of Glass Frits also enhanced the adhesion properties of the conducting Al films. The sheet resistances of Al films with thicknesses of 14 and 37 μm that were formed from Al paste without Glass Frits at a firing temperature of 900 °C were 50.5 and 29.4 mΩ/sq, respectively, while those of Al films with thicknesses of 15 and 36 μm that were formed from Al paste with Glass Frits at the same firing temperature were 31.8 and 10.8 mΩ/sq, respectively.
Guorong Che - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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thermal properties of Glass Frit and effects on si solar cells
Materials Chemistry and Physics, 2009Co-Authors: Yaping Zhang, Yunxia Yang, Jianhua Zheng, Wei Hua, Guorong CheAbstract:Glass Frit is critical for the Ag/Si contact formation and performances of Si solar cells. Lead–boron–silicate Glasses were prepared through traditional melt-quenching method. The influences of softening temperature (Tf), as an important point of viscosity, on the Ag grid microstructures and performances of cells were discussed in detail. SEM images showed that Ag powders sintered well with decreasing Tf, resulting in improved performances of cells. The decreasing of Tf also affected the corrosion of SiNx coating, the amount and size of Ag re-crystallites, and Glass layer thickness between Ag gridline bulk and Si emitter surface. Therefore, Glass Frit Tf is the key factor for optimizing performances of cells.
Jung Hyu Kim - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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characteristics of bi based Glass Frit having similar mean size and morphology to those of silver powders at high firing temperatures
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010Co-Authors: Jung Hyu Kim, Hye Young Koo, Yun Cha KangAbstract:Abstract Bi 2 O 3 –ZnO–SiO 2 –B 2 O 3 –Al 2 O 3 –CaO Glass Frits with Glass transition temperature of 442 °C are prepared by spray pyrolysis. The mean size of the Glass Frits prepared at 1400 °C is 0.87 μm. The grain size of the silver conducting film formed from the Ag paste increases with increasing addition amount of Glass Frit. The Glass Frit improves the adhesion strength of the silver conducting film to the Si wafer substrate. Glass material is well distributed inside the grains of the silver conducting films fired at 600 °C, in which segregation of the Glass material did not occur. Segregation of Glass material in grain boundaries of the silver conducting films increases with increasing firing temperatures. The specific resistances of the silver conducting films with 3 and 5 wt.% Glass material of silver component are 2.6 and 2.8 μΩ cm at a firing temperature of 700 °C.
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characteristics of pb based Glass Frit prepared by spray pyrolysis as the inorganic binder of silver electrode for si solar cells
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010Co-Authors: Hye Young Koo, Jung Hyu Kim, Yun Cha KangAbstract:Abstract Pb-based Glass Frit, which acts as an inorganic binder of a silver electrode in Si solar cells, is directly prepared by spray pyrolysis. The optimum temperature for the preparation of a spherical-shaped Glass Frit with narrow size distribution was 1400 °C. The mean size and geometric standard deviation of the Glass Frit were 0.86 μm and 1.63, respectively. The Glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the Glass Frit prepared by spray pyrolysis was 487.2 °C. Melting of silver powders occurred at a firing temperature of 500 °C. However, a number of pores inside silver conducting films fired at a temperature of 500 °C are observed in the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images. Silver conducting films fired at temperatures of 700 °C and 800 °C had dense structures with a small number of internal pores. The silver conducting film fired at a temperature of 800 °C had a large grain size. Glass materials were segregated between micron-sized silver grains at high firing temperatures of 700 °C and 800 °C. The specific resistance of silver conducting films made from Glass Frit prepared at a temperature of 1400 °C decreased from 4.5 μΩ cm to 2.6 μΩ cm.
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fine size pb based Glass Frit with spherical shape as the inorganic binder of al electrode for si solar cells
Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2010Co-Authors: Hye Young Koo, Jung Hyu Kim, Yun Cha Kang, Hye Moo LeeAbstract:Abstract Pb-rich PbO–SiO 2 –B 2 O 3 –ZnO Glass Frits, which are used as an inorganic binder for Al electrodes for backside contact in single-crystalline or polycrystalline Si solar cells, were directly prepared by spray pyrolysis. Spherical Glass Frits with dense structure and an amorphous phase were prepared by spray pyrolysis at temperatures of 1100 and 1200 °C. The mean diameter and Glass transition temperature ( T g ) of the Glass Frits were 0.92 μm and 328.5 °C, respectively. The use of Glass Frits enhanced the contact between the Al powders in Al films and the films. The addition of Glass Frits also enhanced the adhesion properties of the conducting Al films. The sheet resistances of Al films with thicknesses of 14 and 37 μm that were formed from Al paste without Glass Frits at a firing temperature of 900 °C were 50.5 and 29.4 mΩ/sq, respectively, while those of Al films with thicknesses of 15 and 36 μm that were formed from Al paste with Glass Frits at the same firing temperature were 31.8 and 10.8 mΩ/sq, respectively.