The Experts below are selected from a list of 678 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jos Lelieveld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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covid 19 lockdowns cause Global Air Pollution declines
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2020Co-Authors: Zander S Venter, Jos Lelieveld, Kristin Aunan, Sourangsu ChowdhuryAbstract:The lockdown response to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused an unprecedented reduction in Global economic and transport activity. We test the hypothesis that this has reduced tropospheric and ground-level Air Pollution concentrations, using satellite data and a network of >10,000 Air quality stations. After accounting for the effects of meteorological variability, we find declines in the population-weighted concentration of ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2: 60% with 95% CI 48 to 72%), and fine particulate matter (PM2.5: 31%; 95% CI: 17 to 45%), with marginal increases in ozone (O3: 4%; 95% CI: -2 to 10%) in 34 countries during lockdown dates up until 15 May. Except for ozone, satellite measurements of the troposphere indicate much smaller reductions, highlighting the spatial variability of pollutant anomalies attributable to complex NOx chemistry and long-distance transport of fine particulate matter with a diameter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5). By leveraging Google and Apple mobility data, we find empirical evidence for a link between Global vehicle transportation declines and the reduction of ambient NO2 exposure. While the state of Global lockdown is not sustainable, these findings allude to the potential for mitigating public health risk by reducing "business as usual" Air pollutant emissions from economic activities. Explore trends here: https://nina.earthengine.app/view/lockdown-Pollution.
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covid 19 lockdowns cause Global Air Pollution declines with implications for public health risk
medRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Zander S Venter, Kristin Aunan, Sourangsu Chowdhury, Jos LelieveldAbstract:The lockdown response to COVID-19 has caused an unprecedented reduction in Global economic activity. We test the hypothesis that this has reduced tropospheric and ground-level Air Pollution concentrations using satellite data and a network of >10,000 Air quality stations. After accounting for the effects of meteorological variability, we find remarkable declines in ground-level nitrogen dioxide (NO2: -29 % with 95% confidence interval -44% to -13%), ozone (O3: -11%; -20% to -2%) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5: -9%; -28% to 10%) during the first two weeks of lockdown (n = 27 countries). These results are largely mirrored by satellite measures of the troposphere although long-distance transport of PM2.5 resulted in more heterogeneous changes relative to NO2. Pollutant anomalies were related to short-term health outcomes using empirical exposure-response functions. We estimate that there was a net total of 7400 (340 to 14600) premature deaths and 6600 (4900 to 7900) pediatric asthma cases avoided during two weeks post-lockdown. In China and India alone, the PM2.5-related avoided premature mortality was 1400 (1100 to 1700) and 5300 (1000 to 11700), respectively. Assuming that the lockdown-induced deviations in pollutant concentrations are maintained for the duration of 2020, we estimate 0.78 (0.09 to 1.5) million premature deaths and 1.6 (0.8 to 2) million pediatric asthma cases could be avoided Globally. While the state of Global lockdown is not sustainable, these findings illustrate the potential health benefits gained from reducing 9business as usual9 Air pollutant emissions from economic activities.
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Global Air Pollution crossroads over the mediterranean
Science, 2002Co-Authors: Jos Lelieveld, H Berresheim, Stephan Borrmann, Paul J Crutzen, Frank Dentener, H Fischer, Johann Feichter, Piotr J Flatau, J HelandAbstract:The Mediterranean Intensive Oxidant Study, performed in the summer of 2001, uncovered Air Pollution layers from the surface to an altitude of 15 kilometers. In the boundary layer, Air Pollution standards are exceeded throughout the region, caused by West and East European Pollution from the north. Aerosol particles also reduce solar radiation penetration to the surface, which can suppress precipitation. In the middle troposphere, Asian and to a lesser extent North American Pollution is transported from the west. Additional Asian Pollution from the east, transported from the monsoon in the upper troposphere, crosses the Mediterranean tropopause, which pollutes the lower stratosphere at middle latitudes.
Arlene M Fiore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using Satellites to Track Indicators of Global Air Pollution and Climate Change Impacts: Lessons Learned From a NASA‐Supported Science‐Stakeholder Collaborative
GeoHealth, 2020Co-Authors: Susan C Anenberg, Matilyn Bindl, Michael Brauer, Juan J Castillo, Sandra Cavalieri, Bryan N Duncan, Arlene M Fiore, Richard Fuller, Daniel L Goldberg, Daven K. HenzeAbstract:The 2018 NASA Health and Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST) "Indicators" Tiger Team collaboration between NASA-supported scientists and civil society stakeholders aimed to develop satellite-derived Global Air Pollution and climate indicators. This Commentary shares our experience and lessons learned. Together, the team developed methods to track wildfires, dust storms, pollen counts, urban green space, nitrogen dioxide concentrations and asthma burdens, tropospheric ozone concentrations, and urban particulate matter mortality. Participatory knowledge production can lead to more actionable information but requires time, flexibility, and continuous engagement. Ground measurements are still needed for ground truthing, and sustained collaboration over time remains a challenge.
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using satellites to track indicators of Global Air Pollution and climate change impacts lessons learned from a nasa supported science stakeholder collaborative
GeoHealth, 2020Co-Authors: Susan C Anenberg, Matilyn Bindl, Michael Brauer, Juan J Castillo, Sandra Cavalieri, Bryan N Duncan, Arlene M Fiore, Richard Fuller, Daniel L GoldbergAbstract:The 2018 NASA Health and Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST) "Indicators" Tiger Team collaboration between NASA-supported scientists and civil society stakeholders aimed to develop satellite-derived Global Air Pollution and climate indicators. This Commentary shares our experience and lessons learned. Together, the team developed methods to track wildfires, dust storms, pollen counts, urban green space, nitrogen dioxide concentrations and asthma burdens, tropospheric ozone concentrations, and urban particulate matter mortality. Participatory knowledge production can lead to more actionable information but requires time, flexibility, and continuous engagement. Ground measurements are still needed for ground truthing, and sustained collaboration over time remains a challenge.
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impacts of 21st century climate change on Global Air Pollution related premature mortality
Climatic Change, 2013Co-Authors: Arlene M Fiore, Yuanyuan Fang, Denise L Mauzerall, Larry W HorowitzAbstract:Climate change modulates surface concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3), indirectly affecting premature mortality attributed to Air Pollution. We estimate the change in Global premature mortality and years of life lost (YLL) associated with changes in surface O3 and PM2.5 over the 21st century as a result of climate change. We use a Global coupled chemistry-climate model to simulate current and future climate and the effect of changing climate on Air quality. Epidemiological concentration-response relationships are applied to estimate resulting changes in premature mortality and YLL. The effect of climate change on Air quality is isolated by holding emissions of Air pollutants constant while allowing climate to evolve over the 21st century according to a moderate projection of greenhouse gas emissions (A1B scenario). Resulting changes in 21st century climate alone lead to an increase in simulated PM2.5 concentrations Globally, and to higher (lower) O3 concentrations over populated (remote) regions. Global annual premature mortality associated with chronic exposure to PM2.5 increases by approximately 100 thousand deaths (95 % confidence interval, CI, of 66–130 thousand) with corresponding YLL increasing by nearly 900 thousand (95 % CI, 576–1,128 thousand) years. The annual premature mortality due to respiratory disease associated with chronic O3 exposure increases by +6,300 deaths (95 % CI, 1,600–10,400). This climate penalty indicates that stronger emission controls will be needed in the future to meet current Air quality standards and to avoid higher health risks associated with climate change induced worsening of Air quality over populated regions.
Mahmoud Daneshmand - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Internet of Things Mobile–Air Pollution Monitoring System (IoT-MobAir)
IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Swati Dhingra, Rajasekhara Babu Madda, Amir H. Gandomi, Rizwan Patan, Mahmoud DaneshmandAbstract:Internet of Things (IoT) is a worldwide system of “smart devices” that can sense and connect with their surroundings and interact with users and other systems. Global Air Pollution is one of the major concerns of our era. Existing monitoring systems have inferior precision, low sensitivity, and require laboratory analysis. Therefore, improved monitoring systems are needed. To overcome the problems of existing systems, we propose a three-phase Air Pollution monitoring system. An IoT kit was prepared using gas sensors, Arduino integrated development environment (IDE), and a Wi-Fi module. This kit can be physically placed in various cities to monitoring Air Pollution. The gas sensors gather data from Air and forward the data to the Arduino IDE. The Arduino IDE transmits the data to the cloud via the Wi-Fi module. We also developed an Android application termed IoT-MobAir, so that users can access relevant Air quality data from the cloud. If a user is traveling to a destination, the Pollution level of the entire route is predicted, and a warning is displayed if the Pollution level is too high. The proposed system is analogous to Google traffic or the navigation application of Google Maps. Furthermore, Air quality data can be used to predict future Air quality index (AQI) levels.
Swati Dhingra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Internet of Things Mobile–Air Pollution Monitoring System (IoT-MobAir)
IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2019Co-Authors: Swati Dhingra, Rajasekhara Babu Madda, Amir H. Gandomi, Rizwan Patan, Mahmoud DaneshmandAbstract:Internet of Things (IoT) is a worldwide system of “smart devices” that can sense and connect with their surroundings and interact with users and other systems. Global Air Pollution is one of the major concerns of our era. Existing monitoring systems have inferior precision, low sensitivity, and require laboratory analysis. Therefore, improved monitoring systems are needed. To overcome the problems of existing systems, we propose a three-phase Air Pollution monitoring system. An IoT kit was prepared using gas sensors, Arduino integrated development environment (IDE), and a Wi-Fi module. This kit can be physically placed in various cities to monitoring Air Pollution. The gas sensors gather data from Air and forward the data to the Arduino IDE. The Arduino IDE transmits the data to the cloud via the Wi-Fi module. We also developed an Android application termed IoT-MobAir, so that users can access relevant Air quality data from the cloud. If a user is traveling to a destination, the Pollution level of the entire route is predicted, and a warning is displayed if the Pollution level is too high. The proposed system is analogous to Google traffic or the navigation application of Google Maps. Furthermore, Air quality data can be used to predict future Air quality index (AQI) levels.
Daniel L Goldberg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Using Satellites to Track Indicators of Global Air Pollution and Climate Change Impacts: Lessons Learned From a NASA‐Supported Science‐Stakeholder Collaborative
GeoHealth, 2020Co-Authors: Susan C Anenberg, Matilyn Bindl, Michael Brauer, Juan J Castillo, Sandra Cavalieri, Bryan N Duncan, Arlene M Fiore, Richard Fuller, Daniel L Goldberg, Daven K. HenzeAbstract:The 2018 NASA Health and Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST) "Indicators" Tiger Team collaboration between NASA-supported scientists and civil society stakeholders aimed to develop satellite-derived Global Air Pollution and climate indicators. This Commentary shares our experience and lessons learned. Together, the team developed methods to track wildfires, dust storms, pollen counts, urban green space, nitrogen dioxide concentrations and asthma burdens, tropospheric ozone concentrations, and urban particulate matter mortality. Participatory knowledge production can lead to more actionable information but requires time, flexibility, and continuous engagement. Ground measurements are still needed for ground truthing, and sustained collaboration over time remains a challenge.
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using satellites to track indicators of Global Air Pollution and climate change impacts lessons learned from a nasa supported science stakeholder collaborative
GeoHealth, 2020Co-Authors: Susan C Anenberg, Matilyn Bindl, Michael Brauer, Juan J Castillo, Sandra Cavalieri, Bryan N Duncan, Arlene M Fiore, Richard Fuller, Daniel L GoldbergAbstract:The 2018 NASA Health and Air Quality Applied Science Team (HAQAST) "Indicators" Tiger Team collaboration between NASA-supported scientists and civil society stakeholders aimed to develop satellite-derived Global Air Pollution and climate indicators. This Commentary shares our experience and lessons learned. Together, the team developed methods to track wildfires, dust storms, pollen counts, urban green space, nitrogen dioxide concentrations and asthma burdens, tropospheric ozone concentrations, and urban particulate matter mortality. Participatory knowledge production can lead to more actionable information but requires time, flexibility, and continuous engagement. Ground measurements are still needed for ground truthing, and sustained collaboration over time remains a challenge.