The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Edward Maibach - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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discussing Global Warming leads to greater acceptance of climate science
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2019Co-Authors: Matthew H Goldberg, Edward Maibach, Sander Van Der Linden, Anthony LeiserowitzAbstract:Climate change is an urgent Global issue, with demands for personal, collective, and governmental action. Although a large body of research has investigated the influence of communication on public engagement with climate change, few studies have investigated the role of interpersonal discussion. Here we use panel data with 2 time points to investigate the role of climate conversations in shaping beliefs and feelings about Global Warming. We find evidence of reciprocal causality. That is, discussing Global Warming with friends and family leads people to learn influential facts, such as the scientific consensus that human-caused Global Warming is happening. In turn, stronger perceptions of scientific agreement increase beliefs that climate change is happening and human-caused, as well as worry about climate change. When assessing the reverse causal direction, we find that knowing the scientific consensus further leads to increases in Global Warming discussion. These findings suggest that climate conversations with friends and family enter people into a proclimate social feedback loop.
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how americans respond to information about Global Warming s health impacts evidence from a national survey experiment
GeoHealth, 2018Co-Authors: John E Kotcher, Edward Maibach, Marybeth Montoro, Susan Joy HassolAbstract:Americans tend to see Global Warming as a distant threat, but a small body of previous research suggests that information about the health implications of Global Warming may enhance public engagement with the issue. We sought to extend those findings with a longitudinal study that examined how Americans react to information about eight specific categories of health impacts from Global Warming. In winter 2017, we conducted a two-wave survey experiment using a quota sample of American adults (n = 2,254). Participants were randomly assigned to a treatment group who read eight brief essays about different categories of health impacts from Global Warming or to a control group who received no information. Participants answered questions before reading the essays, immediately after reading each essay and at the conclusion of all essays (treatment participants only), and 2-3 weeks later. Reading the information had small- to medium-sized effects on multiple indicators of participants' cognitive and affective engagement with Global Warming, especially among people who are politically moderate and somewhat conservative; some of these changes persisted 2-3 weeks later. Some impacts were seen as more novel and worrisome, including illnesses from contaminated food, water, and disease-carrying organisms. Our findings provide the most definitive evidence to date about the importance of raising awareness about the health impacts of Global Warming. While participants believed all of the essays as offered valuable information, educational efforts might most productively focus on impacts that are relatively less familiar and more emotionally engaging, such as food-, water-, and vector-borne illnesses.
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an attack on science media use trust in scientists and perceptions of Global Warming
Public Understanding of Science, 2014Co-Authors: Jay D Hmielowski, Teresa A Myers, Anthony Leiserowitz, Lauren Feldman, Edward MaibachAbstract:There is a growing divide in how conservatives and liberals in the USA understand the issue of Global Warming. Prior research suggests that the American public’s reliance on partisan media contributes to this gap. However, researchers have yet to identify intervening variables to explain the relationship between media use and public opinion about Global Warming. Several studies have shown that trust in scientists is an important heuristic many people use when reporting their opinions on science-related topics. Using within-subject panel data from a nationally representative sample of Americans, this study finds that trust in scientists mediates the effect of news media use on perceptions of Global Warming. Results demonstrate that conservative media use decreases trust in scientists which, in turn, decreases certainty that Global Warming is happening. By contrast, use of non-conservative media increases trust in scientists, which, in turn, increases certainty that Global Warming is happening.
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meteorologists views about Global Warming a survey of american meteorological society professional members
Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 2014Co-Authors: Neil Stenhouse, Edward Maibach, Sara Cobb, Ray Ban, Andrea Bleistein, Paul J Croft, Eugene W Bierly, Keith Seitter, Gary Rasmussen, Anthony LeiserowitzAbstract:Meteorologists and other atmospheric science experts are playing important roles in helping society respond to climate change. However, members of this professional community are not unanimous in their views of climate change, and there has been tension among members of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) who hold different views on the topic. In response, AMS created the Committee to Improve Climate Change Communication to explore and, to the extent possible, resolve these tensions. To support this committee, in January 2012 we surveyed all AMS members with known e-mail addresses, achieving a 26.3% response rate (n = 1,854). In this paper we tested four hypotheses—1) perceived conflict about Global Warming will be negatively associated, and 2) climate expertise, 3) liberal political ideology, and 4) perceived scientific consensus will be positively associated—with 1) higher personal certainty that Global Warming is happening, 2) viewing the Global Warming observed over the past 150 years as mostly ...
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climate change in the american mind americans Global Warming beliefs and attitudes in april 2013
2013Co-Authors: Anthony Leiserowitz, Edward Maibach, Connie Roserrenouf, Geoff Feinberg, Peter D HoweAbstract:This report is based on findings from a nationally representative survey – Climate Change in the American Mind – conducted by the Yale Project on Climate Change Communication and the George Mason University Center for Climate Change Communication. Interview dates: April 8-15. Interviews: 1,045 Adults (18+). Total average margin of error: +/- 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. Key findings include:• Nearly two in three Americans (63%) believe Global Warming is happening. Relatively few – only 16 percent – believe it is not. However, since Fall 2012, the percentage of Americans who believe Global Warming is real has dropped 7 points to 63%, likely influenced by the relatively cold winter of 2012-13 (compared to the prior year) and an unusually cold March just before the survey was conducted. !In March of 2012, after an unusually warm winter, 66 percent of Americans believed Global Warming was happening; thus, seasonal effects may account for at least some of the change we observe.• Those who believe Global Warming is happening are more certain of their convictions than those who do not. Of the 63% of Americans who believe Global Warming is happening, most say they are “very” (33%) or “extremely sure” (27%). By contrast, of the unconvinced, fewer are very (28%) or extremely sure of their view (18%).• About half of Americans (49%) believe Global Warming – if it is happening – is caused mostly by human activities, a decrease of 5 points since Fall 2012, but similar to levels stretching back several years.• More Americans believe that “most scientists think Global Warming is happening” than believe there is widespread disagreement among scientists (42% versus 33%, respectively). One in five Americans (20%) continue to feel they “don’t know enough to say” and fewer than one in 20 (4%) believe that “most scientists think Global Warming is not happening.”• About half of Americans (51%) say they are “somewhat” or “very worried” about Global Warming, a 7 percentage-point decline in worry since Fall 2012.• At least four out of ten Americans say Global Warming will harm people in their community (45%), their family (44%), or themselves (42%). Though Americans today, compared to Fall 2012, are slightly less likely to perceive these threats of harm, they are much more likely to do so today than they were a year ago.• Global Warming is also perceived as a threat to people in developing countries (55%, down 9 points since September 2012, but similar to March 2012), in other modern industrialized countries (53%, down 4 points since September, but up 4 points since March 2012), and in the United States (52%, down 5 points since September, but up 6 points since March 2012).• Today, four in ten Americans say people around the world are being harmed right now by climate change (38%), while 34 percent say Global Warming is currently harming people in the United States.
William D Nordhaus - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a question of balance weighing the options on Global Warming policies
2008Co-Authors: William D NordhausAbstract:As scientific and observational evidence on Global Warming piles up every day, questions of economic policy in this central environmental topic have taken centre stage. But as author and prominent Yale economist William Nordhaus observes, the issues involved in understanding Global Warming and slowing its harmful effects are complex and cross disciplinary boundaries. Ecologists see Global Warming as a threat to ecosystems, utilities as a debit to their balance sheets, and farmers as a hazard to their livelihoods. In this important work, William Nordhaus integrates the entire spectrum of economic and scientific research to weigh the costs of reducing emissions against the benefits of reducing long-term damage from Global Warming. The book offers one of the most extensive analyses of the economic and environmental dynamics of greenhouse-gas emissions and climate change and provides the tools to evaluate alternative approaches to slowing Global Warming. The author emphasizes the need to establish effective mechanisms, such as carbon taxes, to harness markets and harmonize the efforts of different countries.
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to tax or not to tax alternative approaches to slowing Global Warming
Review of Environmental Economics and Policy, 2007Co-Authors: William D NordhausAbstract:How cancountries best coordinate their policies toslow GlobalWarming? This studyreviews different approaches to the political and economic control of Global public goods such as Global Warming. It compares quantity-oriented mechanisms like the Kyoto Protocol with price-type control mechanisms such as internationally harmonized carbon taxes. The analysis focuses on such issues as the relationship to ultimate targets, performance under conditions of uncertainty, volatility of induced carbon prices, the inefficiencies of taxation and regulation, potential for corruption and accounting finagling, and ease of implementation. It concludes that price-type approaches such as carbon taxes have major advantages for slowing Global Warming. Before discussing different approaches, it will be useful to sketch the scientific basis for concerns about Global Warming. As a result of the buildup of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHGs), it is expected that signif icant climate changes will occur in the coming decades and beyond. The major industrial GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane, ozone, nitrous oxides, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Using climate models as well as examining past climatevariations,scientistsexpectsignificantclimaticchangesinthecomingyears.Current estimates are that an increase that doubles the amount of CO2 or the equivalent in the atmosphere compared with preindustrial levels will, in equilibrium, lead to an increase in the Global surface temperature of 1.5‐4.5 ◦ C, an increase in precipitation and evaporation, and a rise in sea levels of 10‐90 cm over this century. Some models also predict regional shifts, suchas hotterand drier climates in midcontinental regions, suchas the U.S. Midwest. Climate monitoring indicates that the predicted Global Warming is occurring in line with scientific predictions. 1
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the impact of Global Warming on agriculture a ricardian analysis reply
The American Economic Review, 1999Co-Authors: Robert Mendelsohn, William D Nordhaus, Daigee ShawAbstract:The authors measure the economic impact of climate on land prices. Using cross-sectional data on climate, farmland prices, and other economic and geophysical data for almost 3,000 counties in the United States, they find that higher temperatures in all seasons except autumn reduce average farm values, while more precipitation outside of autumn increases farm values. Applying the model to a Global-Warming scenario shows a significantly lower estimated impact of Global Warming on U.S. agriculture than the traditional production-function approach and, in one case, suggests that, even without carbon dioxide fertilization, Global Warming may have economic benefits for agriculture. Copyright 1994 by American Economic Association.
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the impact of Global Warming on agriculture a ricardian analysis reply
The American Economic Review, 1999Co-Authors: Robert Mendelsohn, William D NordhausAbstract:We measure the economic impact of climate on land prices. Using cross-sectional data on climate, farmland prices, and other economic and geophysical data for almost 3,000 counties in the United States, we find that higher temperatures in all seasons except autumn reduce average farm values, while more precipitation outside of autumn increases farm values. Applying the model to a Global-Warming scenario shows a significantly lower estimated impact of Global Warming on U.S. agriculture than the traditional production-function approach and, in one case, suggests that, even without CO{sub 2} fertilization, Global Warming may have economic benefits for agriculture. 16 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.
Richard Washington - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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changes in african temperature and precipitation associated with degrees of Global Warming
Climatic Change, 2013Co-Authors: Rachel James, Richard WashingtonAbstract:For almost two decades, politicians have been negotiating temperature limits to which anthropogenic Global Warming should be restricted, and 2 °C has emerged as benchmark for danger. However, there has been a lack of scientific research into the implications of such a change for African climate. This study aims to provide information for mitigation debates; through an examination of temperature and precipitation changes in Africa associated with 1 °C, 2 °C, 3 °C, and 4 °C of Global Warming. Data from Global Climate Models show little significant precipitation change at 1 °C, then larger anomalies at 2 °C which are strengthened and extended at 3 °C and 4 °C, including a wet signal in East Africa, and dry signals in Southern Africa, the Guinea Coast, and the west of the Sahel. Some of the models project changes with potential for severe societal implications. Despite the uncertainty attached to these projections, they highlight risks associated with 2 °C and beyond. Using these findings as a framework for impact assessment and evaluation, further research has the potential to uncover the implications of Global Warming for African regions. Copyright Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2013
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changes in african temperature and precipitation associated with degrees of Global Warming
Climatic Change, 2013Co-Authors: Rachel James, Richard WashingtonAbstract:For almost two decades, politicians have been negotiating temperature limits to which anthropogenic Global Warming should be restricted, and 2 °C has emerged as benchmark for danger. However, there has been a lack of scientific research into the implications of such a change for African climate. This study aims to provide information for mitigation debates; through an examination of temperature and precipitation changes in Africa associated with 1 °C, 2 °C, 3 °C, and 4 °C of Global Warming. Data from Global Climate Models show little significant precipitation change at 1 °C, then larger anomalies at 2 °C which are strengthened and extended at 3 °C and 4 °C, including a wet signal in East Africa, and dry signals in Southern Africa, the Guinea Coast, and the west of the Sahel. Some of the models project changes with potential for severe societal implications. Despite the uncertainty attached to these projections, they highlight risks associated with 2 °C and beyond. Using these findings as a framework for impact assessment and evaluation, further research has the potential to uncover the implications of Global Warming for African regions.
Teresa A Myers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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an attack on science media use trust in scientists and perceptions of Global Warming
Public Understanding of Science, 2014Co-Authors: Jay D Hmielowski, Teresa A Myers, Anthony Leiserowitz, Lauren Feldman, Edward MaibachAbstract:There is a growing divide in how conservatives and liberals in the USA understand the issue of Global Warming. Prior research suggests that the American public’s reliance on partisan media contributes to this gap. However, researchers have yet to identify intervening variables to explain the relationship between media use and public opinion about Global Warming. Several studies have shown that trust in scientists is an important heuristic many people use when reporting their opinions on science-related topics. Using within-subject panel data from a nationally representative sample of Americans, this study finds that trust in scientists mediates the effect of news media use on perceptions of Global Warming. Results demonstrate that conservative media use decreases trust in scientists which, in turn, decreases certainty that Global Warming is happening. By contrast, use of non-conservative media increases trust in scientists, which, in turn, increases certainty that Global Warming is happening.
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the polls trends twenty years of public opinion about Global Warming
Public Opinion Quarterly, 2007Co-Authors: Matthew C Nisbet, Teresa A MyersAbstract:Over the past 20 years, there have been dozens of news organization, academic, and nonpartisan public opinion surveys on Global Warming, yet there exists no authoritative summary of their collective findings. In this article, we provide a systematic review of trends in public opinion about Global Warming. We sifted through hundreds of polling questions culled from more than 70 surveys administered over the past 20 years. In compiling the available trends, we summarize public opinion across several key dimensions including (a) public awareness of the issue of Global Warming; (b) public understanding of the causes of Global Warming and the specifics of the policy debate; (c) public perceptions of the certainty of the science and the level of agreement among experts; (d) public concern about the impacts of Global Warming; (e) public support for policy action in light of potential economic costs; and (f) public support for the Kyoto climate treaty.
Shangping Xie - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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recent Global Warming hiatus tied to equatorial pacific surface cooling
Nature, 2013Co-Authors: Yu Kosaka, Shangping XieAbstract:Global Warming has stalled since the late 1990s, puzzling researchers; here a climate model that includes observed sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific reproduces the hiatus as part of natural variation, suggesting that long-term Global Warming is likely to continue.
