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Barbara Ann Halkier - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Localization of the glucosinolate biosynthetic enzymes reveals distinct spatial patterns for the biosynthesis of indole and aliphatic Glucosinolates.
Physiologia plantarum, 2018Co-Authors: Sebastian J. Nintemann, Alexander Schulz, Pascal Hunziker, Tonni Grube Andersen, Meike Burow, Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:Glucosinolates constitute the primary defense metabolites in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Indole and aliphatic Glucosinolates, biosynthesized from tryptophan and methionine, respectively, are known to serve distinct biological functions. Although all genes in the biosynthetic pathways are identified, and it is known where Glucosinolates are stored, it has remained elusive where Glucosinolates are produced at the cellular and tissue level. To understand how the spatial organization of the different glucosinolate biosynthetic pathways contributes to their distinct biological functions, we investigated the localization of enzymes of the pathways under constitutive conditions and, for indole Glucosinolates, also under induced conditions, by analyzing the spatial distribution of several fluorophore-tagged enzymes at the whole plant and the cellular level. We show that key steps in the biosynthesis of the different types of Glucosinolates are localized in distinct cells in separate as well as overlapping vascular tissues. The presence of glucosinolate biosynthetic enzymes in parenchyma cells of the vasculature may assign new defense-related functions to these cell types. The knowledge gained in this study is an important prerequisite for understanding the orchestration of chemical defenses from site of synthesis to site of storage and potential (re)mobilization upon attack.
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Characterization of methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolate specific polyclonal antibodies
Journal of Plant Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2016Co-Authors: Nadia Mirza, Alexander Schulz, Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:Antibodies towards small molecules, like plant specialized metabolites, are valuable tools for developing quantitative and qualitative analytical techniques. Glucosinolates are the specialized metabolites characteristic of the Brassicales order. Here we describe the characterization of polyclonal rabbit antibodies raised against the 4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate, glucoraphanin that is one of the major Glucosinolates in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (hereafter Arabidopsis). Analysis of the cross-reactivity of the antibodies against a number of Glucosinolates demonstrated that it was highly selective for methionine-derived aliphatic Glucosinolates with a methyl-sulfinyl group in the side chain. Use of crude plant extracts from Arabidopsis mutants with different glucosinolate profiles showed that the antibodies recognized aliphatic Glucosinolates in a plant extract and did not cross-react with other metabolites. These methylsulfinylalkyl glucosinolate specific antibodies have prospective use in multiple applications such as ELISA, co-immunoprecipitation and immunolocalization of Glucosinolates.
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General Introduction to Glucosinolates
Advances in Botanical Research, 2016Co-Authors: Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:Abstract As the major specialized metabolites of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana , Glucosinolates have become model specialized metabolites with all the advantages this brings to glucosinolate research, e.g. in the form of extensive 'omics tools, natural variation and mutant collections. Here will be presented a general introduction to Glucosinolates ranging from the evolution of Glucosinolates to the many roles Glucosinolates have for humans as well as an overview of the current knowledge on the orchestration of the glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway. The latter includes an introduction to the genes in the biosynthetic pathway, localization of the enzymes at the cellular level and the storage of the Glucosinolates in the S-cells. In addition, the status on transport of Glucosinolates is presented with focus on the lessons learnt from the first identified glucosinolate transporters, namely the importers localized to the plasma membrane. Examples of how the knowledge gained from basic research has been translated into applied glucosinolate research through pathway and transport engineering will be presented.
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Elucidating the Role of Transport Processes in Leaf Glucosinolate Distribution
Plant physiology, 2014Co-Authors: Svend Roesen Madsen, Carl Erik Olsen, Hussam Hassan Nour-eldin, Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), a strategy to defend its leaves against herbivores is to accumulate Glucosinolates along the midrib and at the margin. Although it is generally assumed that Glucosinolates are synthesized along the vasculature in an Arabidopsis leaf, thereby suggesting that the margin accumulation is established through transport, little is known about these transport processes. Here, we show through leaf apoplastic fluid analysis and glucosinolate feeding experiments that two glucosinolate transporters, GTR1 and GTR2, essential for long-distance transport of Glucosinolates in Arabidopsis, also play key roles in glucosinolate allocation within a mature leaf by effectively importing apoplastically localized Glucosinolates into appropriate cells. Detection of Glucosinolates in root xylem sap unambiguously shows that this transport route is involved in root-to-shoot glucosinolate allocation. Detailed leaf dissections show that in the absence of GTR1 and GTR2 transport activity, Glucosinolates accumulate predominantly in leaf margins and leaf tips. Furthermore, we show that Glucosinolates accumulate in the leaf abaxial epidermis in a GTR-independent manner. Based on our results, we propose a model for how Glucosinolates accumulate in the leaf margin and epidermis, which includes symplasmic movement through plasmodesmata, coupled with the activity of putative vacuolar glucosinolate importers in these peripheral cell layers.
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metabolic engineering in nicotiana benthamiana reveals key enzyme functions in arabidopsis indole glucosinolate modification
The Plant Cell, 2011Co-Authors: Marina Pfalz, Michael Dalgaard Mikkelsen, Pawel Bednarek, Carl Erik Olsen, Barbara Ann Halkier, Juergen KroymannAbstract:Indole Glucosinolates, derived from the amino acid Trp, are plant secondary metabolites that mediate numerous biological interactions between cruciferous plants and their natural enemies, such as herbivorous insects, pathogens, and other pests. While the genes and enzymes involved in the Arabidopsis thaliana core biosynthetic pathway, leading to indol-3-yl-methyl glucosinolate (I3M), have been identified and characterized, the genes and gene products responsible for modification reactions of the indole ring are largely unknown. Here, we combine the analysis of Arabidopsis mutant lines with a bioengineering approach to clarify which genes are involved in the remaining biosynthetic steps in indole glucosinolate modification. We engineered the indole glucosinolate biosynthesis pathway into Nicotiana benthamiana, showing that it is possible to produce indole Glucosinolates in a noncruciferous plant. Building upon this setup, we demonstrate that all members of a small gene subfamily of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, CYP81Fs, are capable of carrying out hydroxylation reactions of the glucosinolate indole ring, leading from I3M to 4-hydroxy-indol-3-yl-methyl and/or 1-hydroxy-indol-3-yl-methyl glucosinolate intermediates, and that these hydroxy intermediates are converted to 4-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methyl and 1-methoxy-indol-3-yl-methyl Glucosinolates by either of two family 2 O-methyltransferases, termed indole glucosinolate methyltransferase 1 (IGMT1) and IGMT2.
Jong In Park - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Glucosinolate Profiling and Expression Analysis of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Genes Differentiate White Mold Resistant and Susceptible Cabbage Lines.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Abuyusuf, Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Jong In Park, Hoy-taek Kim, Ji-hee Lee, Hee-jeong Jung, Ill-sup NouAbstract:Sclerotinia stem rot (white mold), caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a serious disease of Brassica crops worldwide. Despite considerable progress in investigating plant defense mechanisms against this pathogen, which have revealed the involvement of Glucosinolates, the host⁻pathogen interaction between cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and S. sclerotiorum has not been fully explored. Here, we investigated glucosinolate profiles and the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in white-mold-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) lines of cabbage after infection with S. sclerotiorum. The simultaneous rise in the levels of the aliphatic glucosinate glucoiberverin (GIV) and the indolic glucosinate glucobrassicin (GBS) was linked to white mold resistance in cabbage. Principal component analysis showed close association between fungal treatment and cabbage GIV and GBS contents. The correlation analysis showed significant positive associations between GIV content and expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis genes ST5b-Bol026202 and ST5c-Bol030757, and between GBS content and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis genes ST5a-Bol026200 and ST5a-Bol039395. Our results revealed that S. sclerotiorum infection of cabbage induces the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes, altering the content of individual Glucosinolates. This relationship between the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and accumulation of the corresponding Glucosinolates and resistance to white mold extends the molecular understanding of glucosinolate-negotiated defense against S. sclerotiorum in cabbage.
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Altered Glucosinolate Profiles and Expression of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Genes in Ringspot-Resistant and Susceptible Cabbage Lines.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Abuyusuf, Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Jong In Park, Hoy-taek Kim, Rafiqul Islam, Ill-sup NouAbstract:Ringspot, caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella brassicicola, is a serious disease of Brassica crops worldwide. Despite noteworthy progress to reveal the role of Glucosinolates in pathogen defense, the host⁻pathogen interaction between cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and M. brassicicola has not been fully explored. Here, we investigated the glucosinolate profiles and expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in the ringspot-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines of cabbage after infection with M. brassicicola. The concomitant rise of aliphatic glucoiberverin (GIV) and indolic glucobrassicin (GBS) and methoxyglucobrassicin (MGBS) was linked with ringspot resistance in cabbage. Pearson's correlation and principle component analysis showed a significant positive association between GIV contents and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis gene ST5b-Bol026202 and between GBS contents and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis gene MYB34-Bol017062. Our results confirmed that M. brassicicola infection induces the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in cabbage, which alters the content of individual Glucosinolates. This link between the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and the accumulation of their respective Glucosinolates with the resistance to ringspot extends our molecular sense of glucosinolate-negotiated defense against M. brassicicola in cabbage.
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Leptosphaeria maculans Alters Glucosinolate Profiles in Blackleg Disease-Resistant and -Susceptible Cabbage Lines.
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017Co-Authors: Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Mohammad Rashed Hossain, Go-eun Yi, Rawnak Laila, Jong In ParkAbstract:Blackleg, a fungal disease caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is one of the most devastating diseases of Brassica crops worldwide. Despite notable progress elucidating the roles of Glucosinolates in pathogen defense, the complex interaction between B. oleracea (cabbage) and Leptosphaeria maculans infection that leads to the selective induction of genes involved in glucosinolate production and subsequent modulation of glucosinolate profiles remains to be fully understood. The current study was designed to identify glucosinolate-biosynthesis genes induced by L. maculans and any associated alterations in glucosinolate profiles to explore their roles in blackleg resistance in 3-month-old cabbage plants. The defense responses of four cabbage lines, two resistant and two susceptible, were investigated using two L. maculans isolates, 03-02s and 00-100s. A simultaneous increase in the aliphatic Glucosinolates glucoiberverin (GIV) and glucoerucin (GER) and the indolic Glucosinolates glucobrassicin (GBS) and neoglucobrassicin (NGBS) was associated with complete resistance. An increase in either aliphatic (GIV) or indolic (GBS and MGBS) Glucosinolates was associated with moderate resistance. Indolic glucobrassicin (GBS) and neoglucobrassicin (NGBS) were increased in both resistant and susceptible interactions. Pearson correlation showed position association between GER content with GSL-OH (Bol033373) expression. Expressions of MYB34 (Bol007760), ST5a (Bol026200) and CYP81F2 (Bol026044) were positively correlated with the contents of both GBS and MGBS. Our results confirm that L. maculans infection induces glucosinolate-biosynthesis genes in cabbage, with concomitant changes in individual glucosinolate contents. In resistant lines, both aliphatic and indolic Glucosinolates are associated with resistance, with aliphatic GIV and GER and indolic MGBS Glucosinolates particularly important. The association between the genes, the corresponding Glucosinolates, and plant resistance broaden our molecular understanding of glucosinolate mediated defense against L. maculans in cabbage.
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Identification and Expression Analysis of Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Genes and Estimation of Glucosinolate Contents in Edible Organs of Brassica oleracea Subspecies
Molecules (Basel Switzerland), 2015Co-Authors: Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Jong In Park, Kiwoung Yang, Jong-goo Kang, Tae-jin Yang, Ill-sup NouAbstract:Glucosinolates are anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidative biochemical compounds that defend plants from insect and microbial attack. Glucosinolates are abundant in all cruciferous crops, including all vegetable and oilseed Brassica species. Here, we studied the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and determined glucosinolate contents in the edible organs of a total of 12 genotypes of Brassica oleracea: three genotypes each from cabbage, kale, kohlrabi and cauliflower subspecies. Among the 81 genes analyzed by RT-PCR, 19 are transcription factor-related, two different sets of 25 genes are involved in aliphatic and indolic biosynthesis pathways and the rest are breakdown-related. The expression of glucosinolate-related genes in the stems of kohlrabi was remarkably different compared to leaves of cabbage and kale and florets of cauliflower as only eight genes out of 81 were expressed in the stem tissues of kohlrabi. In the stem tissue of kohlrabi, only one aliphatic transcription factor-related gene, Bol036286 (MYB28) and one indolic transcription factor-related gene, Bol030761 (MYB51), were expressed. The results indicated the expression of all genes is not essential for glucosinolate biosynthesis. Using HPLC analysis, a total of 16 different types of Glucosinolates were identified in four subspecies, nine of them were aliphatic, four of them were indolic and one was aromatic. Cauliflower florets measured the highest number of 14 Glucosinolates. Among the aliphatic Glucosinolates, only gluconapin was found in the florets of cauliflower. Glucoiberverin and glucobrassicanapin contents were the highest in the stems of kohlrabi. The indolic methoxyglucobrassicin and aromatic gluconasturtiin accounted for the highest content in the florets of cauliflower. A further detailed investigation and analyses is required to discern the precise roles of each of the genes for aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis in the edible organs.
Ill-sup Nou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Glucosinolate Profiling and Expression Analysis of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Genes Differentiate White Mold Resistant and Susceptible Cabbage Lines.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Abuyusuf, Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Jong In Park, Hoy-taek Kim, Ji-hee Lee, Hee-jeong Jung, Ill-sup NouAbstract:Sclerotinia stem rot (white mold), caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a serious disease of Brassica crops worldwide. Despite considerable progress in investigating plant defense mechanisms against this pathogen, which have revealed the involvement of Glucosinolates, the host⁻pathogen interaction between cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and S. sclerotiorum has not been fully explored. Here, we investigated glucosinolate profiles and the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in white-mold-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) lines of cabbage after infection with S. sclerotiorum. The simultaneous rise in the levels of the aliphatic glucosinate glucoiberverin (GIV) and the indolic glucosinate glucobrassicin (GBS) was linked to white mold resistance in cabbage. Principal component analysis showed close association between fungal treatment and cabbage GIV and GBS contents. The correlation analysis showed significant positive associations between GIV content and expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis genes ST5b-Bol026202 and ST5c-Bol030757, and between GBS content and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis genes ST5a-Bol026200 and ST5a-Bol039395. Our results revealed that S. sclerotiorum infection of cabbage induces the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes, altering the content of individual Glucosinolates. This relationship between the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and accumulation of the corresponding Glucosinolates and resistance to white mold extends the molecular understanding of glucosinolate-negotiated defense against S. sclerotiorum in cabbage.
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Altered Glucosinolate Profiles and Expression of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Genes in Ringspot-Resistant and Susceptible Cabbage Lines.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Abuyusuf, Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Jong In Park, Hoy-taek Kim, Rafiqul Islam, Ill-sup NouAbstract:Ringspot, caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella brassicicola, is a serious disease of Brassica crops worldwide. Despite noteworthy progress to reveal the role of Glucosinolates in pathogen defense, the host⁻pathogen interaction between cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and M. brassicicola has not been fully explored. Here, we investigated the glucosinolate profiles and expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in the ringspot-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines of cabbage after infection with M. brassicicola. The concomitant rise of aliphatic glucoiberverin (GIV) and indolic glucobrassicin (GBS) and methoxyglucobrassicin (MGBS) was linked with ringspot resistance in cabbage. Pearson's correlation and principle component analysis showed a significant positive association between GIV contents and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis gene ST5b-Bol026202 and between GBS contents and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis gene MYB34-Bol017062. Our results confirmed that M. brassicicola infection induces the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in cabbage, which alters the content of individual Glucosinolates. This link between the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and the accumulation of their respective Glucosinolates with the resistance to ringspot extends our molecular sense of glucosinolate-negotiated defense against M. brassicicola in cabbage.
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Identification and Expression Analysis of Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Genes and Estimation of Glucosinolate Contents in Edible Organs of Brassica oleracea Subspecies
Molecules (Basel Switzerland), 2015Co-Authors: Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Jong In Park, Kiwoung Yang, Jong-goo Kang, Tae-jin Yang, Ill-sup NouAbstract:Glucosinolates are anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidative biochemical compounds that defend plants from insect and microbial attack. Glucosinolates are abundant in all cruciferous crops, including all vegetable and oilseed Brassica species. Here, we studied the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and determined glucosinolate contents in the edible organs of a total of 12 genotypes of Brassica oleracea: three genotypes each from cabbage, kale, kohlrabi and cauliflower subspecies. Among the 81 genes analyzed by RT-PCR, 19 are transcription factor-related, two different sets of 25 genes are involved in aliphatic and indolic biosynthesis pathways and the rest are breakdown-related. The expression of glucosinolate-related genes in the stems of kohlrabi was remarkably different compared to leaves of cabbage and kale and florets of cauliflower as only eight genes out of 81 were expressed in the stem tissues of kohlrabi. In the stem tissue of kohlrabi, only one aliphatic transcription factor-related gene, Bol036286 (MYB28) and one indolic transcription factor-related gene, Bol030761 (MYB51), were expressed. The results indicated the expression of all genes is not essential for glucosinolate biosynthesis. Using HPLC analysis, a total of 16 different types of Glucosinolates were identified in four subspecies, nine of them were aliphatic, four of them were indolic and one was aromatic. Cauliflower florets measured the highest number of 14 Glucosinolates. Among the aliphatic Glucosinolates, only gluconapin was found in the florets of cauliflower. Glucoiberverin and glucobrassicanapin contents were the highest in the stems of kohlrabi. The indolic methoxyglucobrassicin and aromatic gluconasturtiin accounted for the highest content in the florets of cauliflower. A further detailed investigation and analyses is required to discern the precise roles of each of the genes for aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis in the edible organs.
Arif Hasan Khan Robin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Glucosinolate Profiling and Expression Analysis of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Genes Differentiate White Mold Resistant and Susceptible Cabbage Lines.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Abuyusuf, Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Jong In Park, Hoy-taek Kim, Ji-hee Lee, Hee-jeong Jung, Ill-sup NouAbstract:Sclerotinia stem rot (white mold), caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, is a serious disease of Brassica crops worldwide. Despite considerable progress in investigating plant defense mechanisms against this pathogen, which have revealed the involvement of Glucosinolates, the host⁻pathogen interaction between cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and S. sclerotiorum has not been fully explored. Here, we investigated glucosinolate profiles and the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in white-mold-resistant (R) and -susceptible (S) lines of cabbage after infection with S. sclerotiorum. The simultaneous rise in the levels of the aliphatic glucosinate glucoiberverin (GIV) and the indolic glucosinate glucobrassicin (GBS) was linked to white mold resistance in cabbage. Principal component analysis showed close association between fungal treatment and cabbage GIV and GBS contents. The correlation analysis showed significant positive associations between GIV content and expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis genes ST5b-Bol026202 and ST5c-Bol030757, and between GBS content and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis genes ST5a-Bol026200 and ST5a-Bol039395. Our results revealed that S. sclerotiorum infection of cabbage induces the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes, altering the content of individual Glucosinolates. This relationship between the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and accumulation of the corresponding Glucosinolates and resistance to white mold extends the molecular understanding of glucosinolate-negotiated defense against S. sclerotiorum in cabbage.
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Altered Glucosinolate Profiles and Expression of Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Genes in Ringspot-Resistant and Susceptible Cabbage Lines.
International journal of molecular sciences, 2018Co-Authors: Abuyusuf, Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Jong In Park, Hoy-taek Kim, Rafiqul Islam, Ill-sup NouAbstract:Ringspot, caused by the fungus Mycosphaerella brassicicola, is a serious disease of Brassica crops worldwide. Despite noteworthy progress to reveal the role of Glucosinolates in pathogen defense, the host⁻pathogen interaction between cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and M. brassicicola has not been fully explored. Here, we investigated the glucosinolate profiles and expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in the ringspot-resistant (R) and susceptible (S) lines of cabbage after infection with M. brassicicola. The concomitant rise of aliphatic glucoiberverin (GIV) and indolic glucobrassicin (GBS) and methoxyglucobrassicin (MGBS) was linked with ringspot resistance in cabbage. Pearson's correlation and principle component analysis showed a significant positive association between GIV contents and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis gene ST5b-Bol026202 and between GBS contents and the expression of the glucosinolate biosynthesis gene MYB34-Bol017062. Our results confirmed that M. brassicicola infection induces the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes in cabbage, which alters the content of individual Glucosinolates. This link between the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and the accumulation of their respective Glucosinolates with the resistance to ringspot extends our molecular sense of glucosinolate-negotiated defense against M. brassicicola in cabbage.
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Leptosphaeria maculans Alters Glucosinolate Profiles in Blackleg Disease-Resistant and -Susceptible Cabbage Lines.
Frontiers in Plant Science, 2017Co-Authors: Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Mohammad Rashed Hossain, Go-eun Yi, Rawnak Laila, Jong In ParkAbstract:Blackleg, a fungal disease caused by Leptosphaeria maculans, is one of the most devastating diseases of Brassica crops worldwide. Despite notable progress elucidating the roles of Glucosinolates in pathogen defense, the complex interaction between B. oleracea (cabbage) and Leptosphaeria maculans infection that leads to the selective induction of genes involved in glucosinolate production and subsequent modulation of glucosinolate profiles remains to be fully understood. The current study was designed to identify glucosinolate-biosynthesis genes induced by L. maculans and any associated alterations in glucosinolate profiles to explore their roles in blackleg resistance in 3-month-old cabbage plants. The defense responses of four cabbage lines, two resistant and two susceptible, were investigated using two L. maculans isolates, 03-02s and 00-100s. A simultaneous increase in the aliphatic Glucosinolates glucoiberverin (GIV) and glucoerucin (GER) and the indolic Glucosinolates glucobrassicin (GBS) and neoglucobrassicin (NGBS) was associated with complete resistance. An increase in either aliphatic (GIV) or indolic (GBS and MGBS) Glucosinolates was associated with moderate resistance. Indolic glucobrassicin (GBS) and neoglucobrassicin (NGBS) were increased in both resistant and susceptible interactions. Pearson correlation showed position association between GER content with GSL-OH (Bol033373) expression. Expressions of MYB34 (Bol007760), ST5a (Bol026200) and CYP81F2 (Bol026044) were positively correlated with the contents of both GBS and MGBS. Our results confirm that L. maculans infection induces glucosinolate-biosynthesis genes in cabbage, with concomitant changes in individual glucosinolate contents. In resistant lines, both aliphatic and indolic Glucosinolates are associated with resistance, with aliphatic GIV and GER and indolic MGBS Glucosinolates particularly important. The association between the genes, the corresponding Glucosinolates, and plant resistance broaden our molecular understanding of glucosinolate mediated defense against L. maculans in cabbage.
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Identification and Expression Analysis of Glucosinolate Biosynthetic Genes and Estimation of Glucosinolate Contents in Edible Organs of Brassica oleracea Subspecies
Molecules (Basel Switzerland), 2015Co-Authors: Arif Hasan Khan Robin, Jong In Park, Kiwoung Yang, Jong-goo Kang, Tae-jin Yang, Ill-sup NouAbstract:Glucosinolates are anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidative biochemical compounds that defend plants from insect and microbial attack. Glucosinolates are abundant in all cruciferous crops, including all vegetable and oilseed Brassica species. Here, we studied the expression of glucosinolate biosynthesis genes and determined glucosinolate contents in the edible organs of a total of 12 genotypes of Brassica oleracea: three genotypes each from cabbage, kale, kohlrabi and cauliflower subspecies. Among the 81 genes analyzed by RT-PCR, 19 are transcription factor-related, two different sets of 25 genes are involved in aliphatic and indolic biosynthesis pathways and the rest are breakdown-related. The expression of glucosinolate-related genes in the stems of kohlrabi was remarkably different compared to leaves of cabbage and kale and florets of cauliflower as only eight genes out of 81 were expressed in the stem tissues of kohlrabi. In the stem tissue of kohlrabi, only one aliphatic transcription factor-related gene, Bol036286 (MYB28) and one indolic transcription factor-related gene, Bol030761 (MYB51), were expressed. The results indicated the expression of all genes is not essential for glucosinolate biosynthesis. Using HPLC analysis, a total of 16 different types of Glucosinolates were identified in four subspecies, nine of them were aliphatic, four of them were indolic and one was aromatic. Cauliflower florets measured the highest number of 14 Glucosinolates. Among the aliphatic Glucosinolates, only gluconapin was found in the florets of cauliflower. Glucoiberverin and glucobrassicanapin contents were the highest in the stems of kohlrabi. The indolic methoxyglucobrassicin and aromatic gluconasturtiin accounted for the highest content in the florets of cauliflower. A further detailed investigation and analyses is required to discern the precise roles of each of the genes for aliphatic and indolic glucosinolate biosynthesis in the edible organs.
Ida E Sonderby - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differential effects of indole and aliphatic Glucosinolates on lepidopteran herbivores
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2010Co-Authors: Rene Muller, Barbara Ann Halkier, Joel Y Sun, Ida E Sonderby, Martin De Vos, Ute Wittstock, Georg JanderAbstract:Glucosinolates are a diverse group of defensive secondary metabolites that is characteristic of the Brassicales. Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (Brassicaceae) lines with mutations that greatly reduce abundance of indole Glucosinolates (cyp79B2 cyp79B3), aliphatic Glucosinolates (myb28 myb29), or both (cyp79B2 cyp79B3 myb28 myb29) make it possible to test the in vivo defensive function of these two major glucosinolate classes. In experiments with Lepidoptera that are not crucifer-feeding specialists, aliphatic and indole Glucosinolates had an additive effect on Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larval growth, whereas Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and Manduca sexta (L.) (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) were affected only by the absence of aliphatic Glucosinolates. In the case of two crucifer-feeding specialists, Pieris rapae (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), there were no major changes in larval performance due to decreased aliphatic and/or indole glucosinolate content. Nevertheless, choice tests show that aliphatic and indole Glucosinolates act in an additive manner to promote larval feeding of both species and P. rapae oviposition. Together, these results support the hypothesis that a diversity of Glucosinolates is required to limit the growth of multiple insect herbivores.
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biosynthesis of Glucosinolates gene discovery and beyond
Trends in Plant Science, 2010Co-Authors: Ida E Sonderby, Fernando Geuflores, Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:Glucosinolates are sulfur-rich secondary metabolites characteristic of the Brassicales order with important biological and economic roles in plant defense and human nutrition. Application of systems biology tools continues to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of Glucosinolates. Recent progress includes genes in all three phases of the pathway, i.e. side-chain elongation of precursor amino acids, formation of the core glucosinolate structure and side-chain decoration. Major breakthroughs include the ability to produce Glucosinolates in Nicotiana benthamiana, the finding that specific Glucosinolates play a key role in Arabidopsis innate immune response, and a better understanding of the link between primary sulfur metabolism and glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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Biosynthesis of Glucosinolates – gene discovery and beyond
Trends in plant science, 2010Co-Authors: Ida E Sonderby, Fernando Geu-flores, Barbara Ann HalkierAbstract:Glucosinolates are sulfur-rich secondary metabolites characteristic of the Brassicales order with important biological and economic roles in plant defense and human nutrition. Application of systems biology tools continues to identify genes involved in the biosynthesis of Glucosinolates. Recent progress includes genes in all three phases of the pathway, i.e. side-chain elongation of precursor amino acids, formation of the core glucosinolate structure and side-chain decoration. Major breakthroughs include the ability to produce Glucosinolates in Nicotiana benthamiana, the finding that specific Glucosinolates play a key role in Arabidopsis innate immune response, and a better understanding of the link between primary sulfur metabolism and glucosinolate biosynthesis.
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non volatile intact indole Glucosinolates are host recognition cues for ovipositing plutella xylostella
Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2009Co-Authors: Joel Y Sun, Barbara Ann Halkier, Ida E Sonderby, Georg Jander, Martin De VosAbstract:The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a crucifer-specialist pest, has been documented to employ Glucosinolates as host recognition cues for oviposition. Through the use of mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants, we investigated the role of specific classes of Glucosinolates in the signaling of oviposition by P. xylostella in vivo. Indole glucosinolate production in A. thaliana was found to be crucial in attracting oviposition. Additionally, indole Glucosinolates functioned as oviposition cues only when in their intact form. 4-Methoxy-indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate was implicated as an especially strong oviposition attractant in vitro, suggesting that indole glucosinolate secondary structure may play a role in P. xylostella host recognition as well. Aliphatic glucosinolate-derived breakdown products were found to attract P. xylostella, but only after damage or in the absence of indole Glucosinolates. Furthermore, mutant plants lacking both intact indole Glucosinolates and aliphatic glucosinolate breakdown products exhibited decreased oviposition attractiveness beyond that of the progenitor mutants lacking either component of the glucosinolate-myrosinase system. Therefore, we conclude that nonvolatile indole Glucosinolates and volatile aliphatic glucosinolate breakdown products both appear to play important roles as host recognition cues for P. xylostella oviposition.
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a systems biology approach identifies a r2r3 myb gene subfamily with distinct and overlapping functions in regulation of aliphatic Glucosinolates
PLOS ONE, 2007Co-Authors: Ida E Sonderby, Barbara Ann Halkier, Bjarne Gram Hansen, Nanna Bjarnholt, Carla A Ticconi, Daniel J. KliebensteinAbstract:Author(s): Sonderby, Ida Elken; Hansen, Bjarne Gram; Bjarnholt, Nanna; Ticconi, Carla; Halkier, Barbara Ann; Kliebenstein, Daniel J | Abstract: BackgroundGlucosinolates are natural metabolites in the order Brassicales that defend plants against both herbivores and pathogens and can attract specialized insects. Knowledge about the genes controlling glucosinolate regulation is limited. Here, we identify three R2R3 MYB transcription factors regulating aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis in Arabidopsis by combining several systems biology tools.Methodology/principal findingsMYB28 was identified as a candidate regulator of aliphatic Glucosinolates based on its co-localization within a genomic region controlling variation both in aliphatic glucosinolate content (metabolite QTL) and in transcript level for genes involved in the biosynthesis of aliphatic Glucosinolates (expression QTL), as well as its co-expression with genes in aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthesis. A phylogenetic analysis with the R2R3 motif of MYB28 showed that it and two homologues, MYB29 and MYB76, were members of an Arabidopsis-specific clade that included three characterized regulators of indole Glucosinolates. Over-expression of the individual MYB genes showed that they all had the capacity to increase the production of aliphatic Glucosinolates in leaves and seeds and induce gene expression of aliphatic biosynthetic genes within leaves. Analysis of leaves and seeds of single knockout mutants showed that mutants of MYB29 and MYB76 have reductions in only short-chained aliphatic Glucosinolates whereas a mutant in MYB28 has reductions in both short- and long-chained aliphatic Glucosinolates. Furthermore, analysis of a double knockout in MYB28 and MYB29 identified an emergent property of the system since the absence of aliphatic Glucosinolates in these plants could not be predicted by the chemotype of the single knockouts.Conclusions/significanceIt seems that these cruciferous-specific MYB regulatory genes have evolved both overlapping and specific regulatory capacities. This provides a unique system within which to study the evolution of MYB regulatory factors and their downstream targets.