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Shokei Kim-mitsuyama - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Empagliflozin lessened cardiac injury and reduced visceral adipocyte hypertrophy in prediabetic rats with metabolic syndrome
Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2016Co-Authors: Hiroaki Kusaka, Nobutaka Koibuchi, Yu Hasegawa, Hisao Ogawa, Shokei Kim-mitsuyamaAbstract:The potential benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors in metabolic syndrome is with prediabetic stage unclear. This work was undertaken to investigate the non-Glycemic Effect of empagliflozin on metabolic syndrome rats with prediabetes. SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+) rats (SHRcp), a model of metabolic syndrome with prediabetes, were given empagliflozin for 10 weeks to examine the Effects on urinary sodium and water balance, visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte, and cardiac injury. Further, the Effect of empagliflozin on blood pressure and autonomic nervous system was continuously investigated by using radiotelemetry system. Empagliflozin significantly reduced urinary sodium and water balance of SHRcp only within 1 week of the treatment, but later than 1 week did not alter them throughout the treatment. Empagliflozin significantly reduced body weight of SHRcp, which was mainly attributed to the significant reduction of subcutaneous fat mass. Empagliflozin significantly reduced the size of visceral adipocytes and increased the number of smaller size of adipocytes, which was associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress. Empagliflozin ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis of SHRcp, in association with the attenuation of cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation. However, empagliflozin did not significantly change blood pressure, heart rate, sympathetic activity, or baroreceptor function, as evidenced by radiotelemetry analysis. Our present work provided the evidence that SGLT2 inhibition reduced visceral adipocytes hypertrophy and ameliorated cardiac injury in prediabetic metabolic syndrome rat, independently of diuretic Effect or blood pressure lowering Effect. Thus, SGLT2 inhibition seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy for prediabetic metabolic syndrome.
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Empagliflozin lessened cardiac injury and reduced visceral adipocyte hypertrophy in prediabetic rats with metabolic syndrome
Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2016Co-Authors: Hiroaki Kusaka, Nobutaka Koibuchi, Yu Hasegawa, Hisao Ogawa, Shokei Kim-mitsuyamaAbstract:Background The potential benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors in metabolic syndrome is with prediabetic stage unclear. This work was undertaken to investigate the non-Glycemic Effect of empagliflozin on metabolic syndrome rats with prediabetes. Methods SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+) rats (SHRcp), a model of metabolic syndrome with prediabetes, were given empagliflozin for 10 weeks to examine the Effects on urinary sodium and water balance, visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte, and cardiac injury. Further, the Effect of empagliflozin on blood pressure and autonomic nervous system was continuously investigated by using radiotelemetry system. Results Empagliflozin significantly reduced urinary sodium and water balance of SHRcp only within 1 week of the treatment, but later than 1 week did not alter them throughout the treatment. Empagliflozin significantly reduced body weight of SHRcp, which was mainly attributed to the significant reduction of subcutaneous fat mass. Empagliflozin significantly reduced the size of visceral adipocytes and increased the number of smaller size of adipocytes, which was associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress. Empagliflozin ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis of SHRcp, in association with the attenuation of cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation. However, empagliflozin did not significantly change blood pressure, heart rate, sympathetic activity, or baroreceptor function, as evidenced by radiotelemetry analysis. Conclusions Our present work provided the evidence that SGLT2 inhibition reduced visceral adipocytes hypertrophy and ameliorated cardiac injury in prediabetic metabolic syndrome rat, independently of diuretic Effect or blood pressure lowering Effect. Thus, SGLT2 inhibition seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy for prediabetic metabolic syndrome.
Rubina A Heptulla - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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New Potential Adjuncts to Treatment of Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Pediatric Research, 2009Co-Authors: Vandana S Raman, Rubina A HeptullaAbstract:Insulin administration is the primary therapy for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Current available insulin therapies do not successfully enable children with T1DM to reach Glycemic goals without side Effects such as hypoglycemia and weight gain. Pramlintide is a synthetic analog of human amylin that acts in conjunction with insulin to delay gastric emptying and inhibit the release of glucagon and is indicated for use in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Recent studies in adult patients have examined the role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and agents that bind to its receptor in type 1 diabetes. It is hypothesized that a major component of the Glycemic Effect is attributable to the known action of GLP-1 to delay gastric emptying and to inhibit glucagon secretion. Further studies with the use of amylin analogs and long-acting GLP-1 agonists as congeners with insulin in T1DM are indicated in children. In recent years, our better understanding of the pathophysiology of diabetes has led to the development of new therapies for diabetes. This article reviews the potential use of these newer pharmacologic agents as adjunctive therapy in T1DM in children and adolescents.
Hiroaki Kusaka - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Empagliflozin lessened cardiac injury and reduced visceral adipocyte hypertrophy in prediabetic rats with metabolic syndrome
Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2016Co-Authors: Hiroaki Kusaka, Nobutaka Koibuchi, Yu Hasegawa, Hisao Ogawa, Shokei Kim-mitsuyamaAbstract:The potential benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors in metabolic syndrome is with prediabetic stage unclear. This work was undertaken to investigate the non-Glycemic Effect of empagliflozin on metabolic syndrome rats with prediabetes. SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+) rats (SHRcp), a model of metabolic syndrome with prediabetes, were given empagliflozin for 10 weeks to examine the Effects on urinary sodium and water balance, visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte, and cardiac injury. Further, the Effect of empagliflozin on blood pressure and autonomic nervous system was continuously investigated by using radiotelemetry system. Empagliflozin significantly reduced urinary sodium and water balance of SHRcp only within 1 week of the treatment, but later than 1 week did not alter them throughout the treatment. Empagliflozin significantly reduced body weight of SHRcp, which was mainly attributed to the significant reduction of subcutaneous fat mass. Empagliflozin significantly reduced the size of visceral adipocytes and increased the number of smaller size of adipocytes, which was associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress. Empagliflozin ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis of SHRcp, in association with the attenuation of cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation. However, empagliflozin did not significantly change blood pressure, heart rate, sympathetic activity, or baroreceptor function, as evidenced by radiotelemetry analysis. Our present work provided the evidence that SGLT2 inhibition reduced visceral adipocytes hypertrophy and ameliorated cardiac injury in prediabetic metabolic syndrome rat, independently of diuretic Effect or blood pressure lowering Effect. Thus, SGLT2 inhibition seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy for prediabetic metabolic syndrome.
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Empagliflozin lessened cardiac injury and reduced visceral adipocyte hypertrophy in prediabetic rats with metabolic syndrome
Cardiovascular Diabetology, 2016Co-Authors: Hiroaki Kusaka, Nobutaka Koibuchi, Yu Hasegawa, Hisao Ogawa, Shokei Kim-mitsuyamaAbstract:Background The potential benefit of SGLT2 inhibitors in metabolic syndrome is with prediabetic stage unclear. This work was undertaken to investigate the non-Glycemic Effect of empagliflozin on metabolic syndrome rats with prediabetes. Methods SHR/NDmcr-cp(+/+) rats (SHRcp), a model of metabolic syndrome with prediabetes, were given empagliflozin for 10 weeks to examine the Effects on urinary sodium and water balance, visceral and subcutaneous adipocyte, and cardiac injury. Further, the Effect of empagliflozin on blood pressure and autonomic nervous system was continuously investigated by using radiotelemetry system. Results Empagliflozin significantly reduced urinary sodium and water balance of SHRcp only within 1 week of the treatment, but later than 1 week did not alter them throughout the treatment. Empagliflozin significantly reduced body weight of SHRcp, which was mainly attributed to the significant reduction of subcutaneous fat mass. Empagliflozin significantly reduced the size of visceral adipocytes and increased the number of smaller size of adipocytes, which was associated with the attenuation of oxidative stress. Empagliflozin ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis of SHRcp, in association with the attenuation of cardiac oxidative stress and inflammation. However, empagliflozin did not significantly change blood pressure, heart rate, sympathetic activity, or baroreceptor function, as evidenced by radiotelemetry analysis. Conclusions Our present work provided the evidence that SGLT2 inhibition reduced visceral adipocytes hypertrophy and ameliorated cardiac injury in prediabetic metabolic syndrome rat, independently of diuretic Effect or blood pressure lowering Effect. Thus, SGLT2 inhibition seems to be a promising therapeutic strategy for prediabetic metabolic syndrome.
Zahurin Mohamed - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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conflicting reports on the role of the Glycemic Effect of catha edulis khat a systematic review and meta analysis
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2016Co-Authors: Abdulsamad Alsalahi, Rosmawati Mohamed, Naelah A Alyousefi, Abdrabuh N Shwter, Ali Almaqtari, Radwan H Ahmed, Mohammed A. Alshawsh, Mustafa Ahmed Alshagga, Zahurin MohamedAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Traditionally, the leaves of Catha edulis Forsskal (Khat) are consumed by the people of Yemen primarily for its recreational Effect, and secondarily, for achieving certain tasks. Additionally, Yemeni diabetics chew such leaves in the belief that this can control their elevated blood glucose level. Aims This review focuses on outlining the findings of studies that have been conducted to display the Glycemic Effect of Catha edulis , while trying to balance it with findings of the association of its chewing with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods The search strategy adopted was based on a comprehensive research in Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, JSTOR, Scopus and Cochrane for articles, proceeding abstracts and theses to identify complete reports written in the English language about the Glycemic Effect of Catha edulis in humans and animals from 1976 to 2016. In addition, bibliographies were also reviewed to find additional reports not otherwise published. Thirty seven records were identified of which, 25 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis using blood glucose as an outcome measurement. Studies were divided into four subgroups according to the experimental model, namely; non-diabetic animals, diabetic animals, non-diabetic humans and diabetic humans. The pooled mean difference (MD) of blood glucose between experimental and control were calculated using random Effects model of the weighted mean difference of blood glucose with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity between studies was tested using I 2 statistic and a value of P Results The scientific reports in the literature prevailed that the Glycemic Effect of Catha edulis were greatly conflicting with the majority of studies indicating that Catha edulis has a mild hypoGlycemic Effect. However, the meta-analysis indicted that the overall result showed an insignificant reduction in blood glucose (MD=−9.70, 95% CI: −22.17 to 2.76, P =0.13, with high heterogeneity between subgroups, I 2 =88.2%, P P P =0.07 and MD=−2.71%, 95% CI: −19.19 to −13.77, P =0.75) respectively. Conversely, a significant elevation in the pooled mean difference of blood glucose in diabetic humans was indicated (MD=67.18, 95% CI: 36.93–97.43, P Catha edulis is thought to be cultivar-related, while demographic and epidemiological reports suggested that chewing Catha edulis might be a predisposing factor contributing to the development of type 2 DM. Conclusion It was difficult to draw a meaningful conclusion from both the systematic and the meta-analysis with respect to the Glycemic Effect of Catha edulis since the meta-analysis results were insignificant with high heterogeneity among subgroups and are greatly conflicting. The variation is most likely due to unadjusted experimental factors or is related to Catha edulis itself, such as the differences in the phytochemical composition. Therefore, it is highly recommended that further studies of the Glycemic Effect of the cultivar of Catha edulis being studied should come with the identification and quantification of phytochemical content so that a meaningful assessment can be made with regard to its hypoGlycemic properties. In addition, well-controlled clinical studies should be conducted to confirm whether or not chewing Catha edulis is associated with the development of type 2 DM, since this would be a source of concern seeing that the plant is widely consumed in certain populations.
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Conflicting reports on the role of the Glycemic Effect of Catha edulis (Khat): A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2016Co-Authors: Abdulsamad Alsalahi, Rosmawati Mohamed, Naelah A Alyousefi, Abdrabuh N Shwter, Radwan H Ahmed, Ali Abdullah Alwan Al-maqtari, Mohammed A. Alshawsh, Mustafa Ahmed Alshagga, Zahurin MohamedAbstract:Abstract Ethnopharmacological relevance Traditionally, the leaves of Catha edulis Forsskal (Khat) are consumed by the people of Yemen primarily for its recreational Effect, and secondarily, for achieving certain tasks. Additionally, Yemeni diabetics chew such leaves in the belief that this can control their elevated blood glucose level. Aims This review focuses on outlining the findings of studies that have been conducted to display the Glycemic Effect of Catha edulis, while trying to balance it with findings of the association of its chewing with the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Materials and methods The search strategy adopted was based on a comprehensive research in Medline, PubMed, Web of Science, JSTOR, Scopus and Cochrane for articles, proceeding abstracts and theses to identify complete reports written in the English language about the Glycemic Effect of Catha edulis in humans and animals from 1976 to 2016. In addition, bibliographies were also reviewed to find additional reports not otherwise published. Thirty seven records were identified of which, 25 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis using blood glucose as an outcome measurement. Studies were divided into four subgroups according to the experimental model, namely; non-diabetic animals, diabetic animals, non-diabetic humans and diabetic humans. The pooled mean difference (MD) of blood glucose between experimental and control were calculated using random Effects model of the weighted mean difference of blood glucose with 95% confidence interval (CI). Heterogeneity between studies was tested using I2 statistic and a value of P Results The scientific reports in the literature prevailed that the Glycemic Effect of Catha edulis were greatly conflicting with the majority of studies indicating that Catha edulis has a mild hypoGlycemic Effect. However, the meta-analysis indicted that the overall result showed an insignificant reduction in blood glucose (MD=−9.70, 95% CI: −22.17 to 2.76, P=0.13, with high heterogeneity between subgroups, I2=88.2%, P Conclusion It was difficult to draw a meaningful conclusion from both the systematic and the meta-analysis with respect to the Glycemic Effect of Catha edulis since the meta-analysis results were insignificant with high heterogeneity among subgroups and are greatly conflicting. The variation is most likely due to unadjusted experimental factors or is related to Catha edulis itself, such as the differences in the phytochemical composition. Therefore, it is highly recommended that further studies of the Glycemic Effect of the cultivar of Catha edulis being studied should come with the identification and quantification of phytochemical content so that a meaningful assessment can be made with regard to its hypoGlycemic properties. In addition, well-controlled clinical studies should be conducted to confirm whether or not chewing Catha edulis is associated with the development of type 2 DM, since this would be a source of concern seeing that the plant is widely consumed in certain populations.
Marilia B Gomes - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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metformin an old but still the best treatment for type 2 diabetes
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 2013Co-Authors: Lilian Beatriz Aguayo Rojas, Marilia B GomesAbstract:The management of T2DM requires aggressive treatment to achieve Glycemic and cardiovascular risk factor goals. In this setting, metformin, an old and widely accepted first line agent, stands out not only for its antihyperGlycemic properties but also for its Effects beyond Glycemic control such as improvements in endothelial dysfunction, hemostasis and oxidative stress, insulin resistance, lipid profiles, and fat redistribution. These properties may have contributed to the decrease of adverse cardiovascular outcomes otherwise not attributable to metformin’s mere antihyperGlycemic Effects. Several other classes of oral antidiabetic agents have been recently launched, introducing the need to evaluate the role of metformin as initial therapy and in combination with these newer drugs. There is increasing evidence from in vivo and in vitro studies supporting its anti-proliferative role in cancer and possibly a neuroprotective Effect. Metformin’s negligible risk of hypoglycemia in monotherapy and few drug interactions of clinical relevance give this drug a high safety profile. The tolerability of metformin may be improved by using an appropiate dose titration, starting with low doses, so that side-Effects can be minimized or by switching to an extended release form. We reviewed the role of metformin in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes and describe the additional benefits beyond its Glycemic Effect. We also discuss its potential role for a variety of insulin resistant and pre-diabetic states, obesity, metabolic abnormalities associated with HIV disease, gestational diabetes, cancer, and neuroprotection.