The Experts below are selected from a list of 11271 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Elizabeth A. Thiele - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
low Glycemic Index treatment implementation and new insights into efficacy
Epilepsia, 2008Co-Authors: Heidi H. Pfeifer, David A Lyczkowski, Elizabeth A. ThieleAbstract:Summary Despite the substantial efficacy of the ketogenic diet (KD) in treating refractory epilepsy, use of the KD remains limited because of difficulties in implementation and tolerability. An effective alternative dietary approach is a low Glycemic Index treatment (LGIT), which liberalizes the extreme carbohydrate restriction of the KD but restricts the type of carbohydrate-containing foods to those that produce relatively small changes in blood glucose. Foods with a “Glycemic Index” of less than 50 produce less than half the area-under-the-curve elevation of blood glucose compared to a reference food. The LGIT approach produces comparable efficacy to the classic KD, but tolerability is improved and implementation is much simpler. The LGIT appears to be a viable first-line dietary therapy for epilepsy.
-
low Glycemic Index treatment a liberalized ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy
Neurology, 2005Co-Authors: Heidi H. Pfeifer, Elizabeth A. ThieleAbstract:The ketogenic diet is often effective for intractable epilepsy, but many patients have trouble complying with the strict regimen. The authors tested an alternative diet regimen, a low-Glycemic-Index treatment, with more liberal total carbohydrate intake but restricted to foods that produce relatively little increase in blood glucose (Glycemic Index
-
Low-Glycemic-Index treatment: A liberalized ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy
Neurology, 2005Co-Authors: Heidi H. Pfeifer, Elizabeth A. ThieleAbstract:The ketogenic diet is often effective for intractable epilepsy, but many patients have trouble complying with the strict regimen. The authors tested an alternative diet regimen, a low-Glycemic-Index treatment, with more liberal total carbohydrate intake but restricted to foods that produce relatively little increase in blood glucose (Glycemic Index < 50). Ten of 20 patients treated with this regimen experienced a greater than 90% reduction in seizure frequency.
Heidi H. Pfeifer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
low Glycemic Index treatment implementation and new insights into efficacy
Epilepsia, 2008Co-Authors: Heidi H. Pfeifer, David A Lyczkowski, Elizabeth A. ThieleAbstract:Summary Despite the substantial efficacy of the ketogenic diet (KD) in treating refractory epilepsy, use of the KD remains limited because of difficulties in implementation and tolerability. An effective alternative dietary approach is a low Glycemic Index treatment (LGIT), which liberalizes the extreme carbohydrate restriction of the KD but restricts the type of carbohydrate-containing foods to those that produce relatively small changes in blood glucose. Foods with a “Glycemic Index” of less than 50 produce less than half the area-under-the-curve elevation of blood glucose compared to a reference food. The LGIT approach produces comparable efficacy to the classic KD, but tolerability is improved and implementation is much simpler. The LGIT appears to be a viable first-line dietary therapy for epilepsy.
-
low Glycemic Index treatment a liberalized ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy
Neurology, 2005Co-Authors: Heidi H. Pfeifer, Elizabeth A. ThieleAbstract:The ketogenic diet is often effective for intractable epilepsy, but many patients have trouble complying with the strict regimen. The authors tested an alternative diet regimen, a low-Glycemic-Index treatment, with more liberal total carbohydrate intake but restricted to foods that produce relatively little increase in blood glucose (Glycemic Index
-
Low-Glycemic-Index treatment: A liberalized ketogenic diet for treatment of intractable epilepsy
Neurology, 2005Co-Authors: Heidi H. Pfeifer, Elizabeth A. ThieleAbstract:The ketogenic diet is often effective for intractable epilepsy, but many patients have trouble complying with the strict regimen. The authors tested an alternative diet regimen, a low-Glycemic-Index treatment, with more liberal total carbohydrate intake but restricted to foods that produce relatively little increase in blood glucose (Glycemic Index < 50). Ten of 20 patients treated with this regimen experienced a greater than 90% reduction in seizure frequency.
Jennie Brandmiller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
dietary Glycemic Index health implications
Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 2009Co-Authors: Jennie Brandmiller, Katherine Steinbeck, Joanna Mcmillanprice, Ian D. CatersonAbstract:Weight loss can be achieved by any means of energy restriction, but the challenge is to achieve sustainable weight loss and prevent weight “creep” without increasing the risk of chronic disease. The modest success of low fat diets has prompted research on alternative dietary strategies, including high protein diets and low Glycemic Index (GI) diets. Conventional high carbohydrate diets, even when based on wholegrain foods, increase postprandial glycemia and insulinemia and may compromise weight control via mechanisms related to appetite stimulation, fuel partitioning, and metabolic rate. This paper makes the case for the benefits of low Glycemic Index diets over higher protein diets. Both strategies are associated with lower postprandial glycemia, and both are commonly labeled as “low Glycemic load,” but the long-term health effects are likely to be different. A large body of evidence, which now comprises observational prospective cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and mechanistic experiments i...
-
can a low Glycemic Index diet reduce the need for insulin in gestational diabetes mellitus a randomized trial
Diabetes Care, 2009Co-Authors: Robert G. Moses, Peter Petocz, Megan Barker, Meagan Winter, Jennie BrandmillerAbstract:OBJECTIVE A low–Glycemic Index diet is effective as a treatment for individuals with diabetes and has been shown to improve pregnancy outcomes when used from the first trimester. A low–Glycemic Index diet is commonly advised as treatment for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the efficacy of this advice and associated pregnancy outcomes have not been systematically examined. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prescribing a low–Glycemic Index diet for women with GDM could reduce the number of women requiring insulin without compromise of pregnancy outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All women with GDM seen over a 12-month period were considered for inclusion in the study. Women ( n = 63) were randomly assigned to receive either a low–Glycemic Index diet or a conventional high-fiber (and higher Glycemic Index) diet. RESULTS Of the 31 women randomly assigned to a low–Glycemic Index diet, 9 (29%) required insulin. Of the women randomly assigned to a higher–Glycemic Index diet, a significantly higher proportion, 19 of 32 (59%), met the criteria to commence insulin treatment ( P = 0.023). However, 9 of these 19 women were able to avoid insulin use by changing to a low–Glycemic Index diet. Key obstetric and fetal outcomes were not significantly different. CONCLUSIONS Using a low–Glycemic Index diet for women with GDM effectively halved the number needing to use insulin, with no compromise of obstetric or fetal outcomes.
-
Glycemic Index postprandial glycemia and cardiovascular disease
Current Opinion in Lipidology, 2005Co-Authors: Scott Dickinson, Jennie BrandmillerAbstract:Purpose of review Several lines of evidence indicate that exaggerated postprandial glycemia puts individuals without diabetes at greater risk of developing cardiovascular disease. In large, prospective observational studies, including meta-analyses, higher 120 min post-load blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (a measure of average blood glucose level over time) independently predict cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in individuals without diabetes, These findings imply that the Glycemic nature of dietary carbohydrates may also be relevant. We aim to provide a clearer perspective on how the Glycemic impact of carbohydrates may modulate development of cardiovascular disease. Recent findings In ecological studies, average dietary Glycemic Index (a measure of the postprandial Glycemic potential of carbohydrates) and Glycemic load (average Glycemic Index x amount of carbohydrate) predicts coronary infarct and cardiovascular disease risk factors, including HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and C-reactive protein. In short-term intervention studies of overweight and hyperlipidemic patients, low Glycemic Index diets lead to improvements in cardiovascular disease risk factors, including reduced LDL cholesterol and improved insulin sensitivity, as well as greater body fat loss on energy-restricted diets. Molecular studies indicate that physiological hyperglycemia induces overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron-transport chain, resulting in inflammatory responses and endothelial dysfunction. Summary Taken together, the findings suggest that conventional high-carbohydrate diets with their high Glycemic Index may be suboptimal, particularly in insulin-resistant individuals. Because around one in four adults has impairments in postprandial glucose regulation, the Glycemic potential of carbohydrates warrants further investigation in cardiovascular disease prevention.
Jennie Brand-miller - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Pregnancy and Glycemic Index Outcomes study: effects of low Glycemic Index compared with conventional dietary advice on selected pregnancy outcomes
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2013Co-Authors: Robert G. Moses, Peter Petocz, Shelly Casey, Eleanor G Quinn, Jane M Cleary, Linda C Tapsell, Marianna Milosavljevic, Jennie Brand-millerAbstract:Background: Eating carbohydrate foods with a high Glycemic Index (GI) has been postulated to result in fetoplacental overgrowth and higher infant body fat. A diet with a low Glycemic Index (LGI) has been shown to reduce birth percentiles and the ponderal Index (PI). Objectives: We investigated whether offering LGI dietary advice at the first antenatal visit would result in a lower fetal birth weight, birth percentile, and PI than providing healthy eating (HE) advice. This advice had to be presented within the resources of routine
-
The Glycemic Index issue.
Current Opinion in Lipidology, 2012Co-Authors: Jennie Brand-miller, Anette E. BuykenAbstract:Abstract In recent years, many of the concerns surrounding the Glycemic Index have been addressed by methodological studies and clinical trials comparing diets carefully matched for other nutrients. These findings are reviewed together with new observational evidence for the role of the dietary Glycemic Index in the etiology of cardiovascular disease. The determination and classification of the Glycemic Index of a food product is now standardized by the International Standards Organization. Systematic studies using isoenergetic single and mixed meals have shown that Glycemic Index and/or Glycemic load are stronger predictors of postprandial glycemia and insulinemia than carbohydrate content alone. In overweight individuals, a diet that combined modestly higher protein and lower Glycemic Index carbohydrates was the most effective diet for prevention of weight regain. New observational studies have reported increased risks of coronary heart disease associated with higher intakes of carbohydrates from high Glycemic Index foods. Epidemiological evidence has emerged linking dietary Glycemic Index to visceral fat and inflammatory disease mortality. There is growing recognition that replacing saturated fat with refined, high Glycemic Index carbohydrates increases postprandial glycemia and may be detrimental for weight control and predisposition to cardiovascular and inflammatory disease. In contrast, low Glycemic Index carbohydrates reduce risk.
-
OPINION The Glycemic Index issue
2012Co-Authors: Jennie Brand-miller, Anette E. BuykenAbstract:Summary There is growing recognition that replacing saturated fat with refined, high Glycemic Index carbohydrates increases postprandial glycemia and may be detrimental for weight control and predisposition to cardiovascular and inflammatory disease. In contrast, low Glycemic Index carbohydrates reduce risk.
-
Effect of the Glycemic Index of carbohydrates on Acne vulgaris.
Nutrients, 2010Co-Authors: Rebecca Reynolds, James Y. J. Choi, Fiona Atkinson, Karola S. Stockmann, Peter Petocz, Jennie Brand-millerAbstract:Acne vulgaris may be improved by dietary factors that increase insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a low-Glycemic Index diet would improve facial acne severity and insulin sensitivity. Fifty-eight adolescent males (mean age ± standard deviation 16.5 ± 1.0 y and body mass Index 23.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2) were alternately allocated to high or low Glycemic Index diets. Severity of inflammatory lesions on the face, insulin sensitivity (homeostasis modeling assessment of insulin resistance), androgens and insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding proteins were assessed at baseline and at eight weeks, a period corresponding to the school term. Forty-three subjects (n = 23 low Glycemic Index and n = 20 high Glycemic Index) completed the study. Diets differed significantly in Glycemic Index (mean ± standard error of the mean, low Glycemic Index 51 ± 1 vs. high Glycemic Index 61 ± 2, p = 0.0002), but not in macronutrient distribution or fiber content. Facial acne improved on both diets (low Glycemic Index −26 ± 6%, p = 0.0004 and high Glycemic Index −16 ± 7%, p = 0.01), but differences between diets did not reach significance. Change in insulin sensitivity was not different between diets (low Glycemic Index 0.2 ± 0.1 and high Glycemic Index 0.1 ± 0.1, p = 0.60) and did not correlate with change in acne severity (Pearson correlation r = −0.196, p = 0.244). Longer time frames, greater reductions in Glycemic load or/and weight loss may be necessary to detect improvements in acne among adolescent boys.
-
Effect of the Glycemic Index of Carbohydrateson Acne vulgaris
2010Co-Authors: Rebecca Reynolds, James Y. J. Choi, Fiona Atkinson, Karola S. Stockmann, Peter Petocz, Jennie Brand-millerAbstract:Acne vulgaris may be improved by dietary factors that increase insulin sensitivity. We hypothesized that a low-Glycemic Index diet would improve facial acne severity and insulin sensitivity. Fifty-eight adolescent males (mean age ± standard deviation 16.5 ± 1.0 y and body mass Index 23.1 ± 3.5 kg/m 2 ) were alternately allocated to high or low Glycemic Index diets. Severity of inflammatory lesions on the face, insulin sensitivity (homeostasis modeling assessment of insulin resistance), androgens and insulin-like growth factor-1 and its binding proteins were assessed at baseline and at eight weeks, a period corresponding to the school term. Forty-three subjects (n = 23 low Glycemic Index and n = 20 high Glycemic Index) completed the study. Diets differed significantly in Glycemic Index (mean ± standard error of the mean, low Glycemic Index 51 ± 1 vs. high Glycemic Index 61 ± 2, p = 0.0002), but not in macronutrient distribution or fiber content. Facial acne improved on both diets (low Glycemic Index −26 ± 6%, p = 0.0004 and high Glycemic Index −16 ± 7%, p = 0.01), but differences between diets did not reach significance. Change in insulin sensitivity was not different between diets (low Glycemic Index 0.2 ± 0.1 and high Glycemic Index 0.1 ± 0.1, p = 0.60) and did not correlate with change in acne severity (Pearson correlation r = −0.196,
David J A Jenkins - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
The Glycemic Index: physiological significance.
Journal of the American College of Nutrition, 2020Co-Authors: Amin Esfahani, David J A Jenkins, Julia M W Wong, Arash Mirrahimi, Korbua Srichaikul, Cyril W.c. KendallAbstract:The Glycemic Index (GI) is a physiological assessment of a food's carbohydrate content through its effect on postprandial blood glucose concentrations. Evidence from trials and observational studies suggests that this physiological classification may have relevance to those chronic Western diseases associated with overconsumption and inactivity leading to central obesity and insulin resistance. The Glycemic Index classification of foods has been used as a tool to assess potential prevention and treatment strategies for diseases where Glycemic control is of importance, such as diabetes. Low GI diets have also been reported to improve the serum lipid profile, reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, and aid in weight control. In cross-sectional studies, low GI or Glycemic load diets (mean GI multiplied by total carbohydrate) have been associated with higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), with reduced CRP concentrations, and, in cohort studies, with decreased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. In addition, some case-control and cohort studies have found positive associations between dietary GI and risk of various cancers, including those of the colon, breast, and prostate. Although inconsistencies in the current findings still need to be resolved, sufficient positive evidence, especially with respect to renewed interest in postprandial events, suggests that the Glycemic Index may have a role to play in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases.
-
The Glycemic Index: Physiological Significance
Journal of The American College of Nutrition, 2009Co-Authors: Amin Esfahani, David J A Jenkins, Julia M W Wong, Arash Mirrahimi, Korbua Srichaikul, Cyril W.c. KendallAbstract:The Glycemic Index (GI) is a physiological assessment of a food's carbohydrate content through its effect on postprandial blood glucose concentrations. Evidence from trials and observational studies suggests that this physiological classification may have relevance to those chronic Western diseases associated with overconsumption and inactivity leading to central obesity and insulin resistance.The Glycemic Index classification of foods has been used as a tool to assess potential prevention and treatment strategies for diseases where Glycemic control is of importance, such as diabetes. Low GI diets have also been reported to improve the serum lipid profile, reduce C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations, and aid in weight control. In cross-sectional studies, low GI or Glycemic load diets (mean GI multiplied by total carbohydrate) have been associated with higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), with reduced CRP concentrations, and, in cohort studies, with decreased risk of developing...
-
The Glycemic Index: methodology and use.
Nestle Nutrition workshop series. Clinical & performance programme, 2006Co-Authors: Cyril W.c. Kendall, Livia S. A. Augustin, Azadeh Emam, Andrea R. Josse, Nishta Saxena, David J A JenkinsAbstract:The Glycemic Index concept owes much to the dietary fiber hypothesis that fiber would reduce the rate of nutrient absorption and increase the value of carbohydrate foods in the maintenance of health
-
Glycemic Index in chronic disease a review
European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2002Co-Authors: Livia S. A. Augustin, Cyril W.c. Kendall, Silvia Franceschi, David J A Jenkins, C La VecchiaAbstract:Aim: The intent of this review is to critically analyze the scientific evidence on the role of the Glycemic Index in chronic Western disease and to discuss the utility of the Glycemic Index in the prevention and management of these disease states. Background: The Glycemic Index ranks foods based on their postprandial blood glucose response. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, as well as their determinants (eg high energy intake, obesity, lack of physical activity) have been implicated in the etiology of diabetes, coronary heart disease and cancer. Recently, among dietary factors, carbohydrates have attracted much attention as a significant culprit, however, different types of carbohydrate produce varying Glycemic and insulinemic responses. Low Glycemic Index foods, characterized by slowly absorbed carbohydrates, have been shown in some studies to produce beneficial effects on glucose control, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, blood lipids and satiety. Method: Studies on the short and long-term metabolic effects of diets with different Glycemic indices will be presented and discussed. The review will focus primarily on clinical and epidemiological data, and will briefly discuss in vitro and animal studies related to possible mechanisms by which the Glycemic Index may influence chronic disease. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2002) 56, 1049 ‐ 1071. doi:10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601454
-
Glycemic Index overview of implications in health and disease
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2002Co-Authors: David J A Jenkins, Cyril W.c. Kendall, Livia S. A. Augustin, Silvia Franceschi, Maryam S. Hamidi, Augustine Marchie, Alexandra L. Jenkins, Mette AxelsenAbstract:The Glycemic Index concept is an extension of the fiber hypothesis, suggesting that fiber consumption reduces the rate of nutrient influx from the gut. The Glycemic Index has particular relevance to those chronic Western diseases associated with central obesity and insulin resistance. Early studies showed that starchy carbohydrate foods have very different effects on postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses in healthy and diabetic subjects, depending on the rate of digestion. A range of factors associated with food consumption was later shown to alter the rate of glucose absorption and subsequent glycemia and insulinemia. At this stage, systematic documentation of the differences that exist among carbohydrate foods was considered essential. The resulting Glycemic Index classification of foods provided a numeric physiologic classification of relevant carbohydrate foods in the prevention and treatment of diseases such as diabetes. Since then, low-Glycemic-Index diets have been shown to lower urinary C-peptide excretion in healthy subjects, improve Glycemic control in diabetic subjects, and reduce serum lipids in hyperlipidemic subjects. Furthermore, consumption of low-GlycemicIndex diets has been associated with higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations and, in large cohort studies, with decreased risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Case-control studies have also shown positive associations between dietary Glycemic Index and the risk of colon and breast cancers. Despite inconsistencies in the data, sufficient, positive findings have emerged to suggest that the dietary Glycemic Index is of potential importance in the treatment and prevention of chronic diseases.