The Experts below are selected from a list of 426 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Zhao Zhixun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Species‐specific inhibition of capripoxVirus replication by host antiviral protein kinase R
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Qin Xiaodong, Caiyun Huang, Wu Guohua, Qiang Zhang, Zhang Zhidong
    Abstract:

    The role of interferon (IFN)-induced protein kinase R (PKR) in capripoxVirus (CaPV)-infected cells remains unknown. In this study, we show that CaPV infection triggered PKR and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) protein phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, and that this leads to decreased CaPV replication. Overexpression of PKR compromised viral gene expression and inhibited sheeppox Virus (SPPV) replication. Downregulation of PKR with siRNAs significantly decreased eIF2α phosphorylation and reduced the mRNA level of IFN-β, which increased Virus replication. In luciferase assays, species-different CaPVs K3L proteins inhibited sheep PKR (sPKR): Goatpox Virus K3L strongly inhibited sPKR and goat PKR (gPKR), but SPPV K3L only partially inhibited gPKR. These results are the first to show that SPPV infection induces phosphorylation of eIF2α through PKR activation, which then results in restriction of CaPV replication. Furthermore, our data show that CaPV K3L inhibits PKR in a species-specific manner. The results presented are consistent with the hypothesis that different levels of PKR inhibition by K3L orthologs from various Viruses could potentially contribute to the host range function of K3L.

  • Development of duplex PCR for differential detection of Goatpox and sheeppox Viruses.
    BMC veterinary research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Wu Guohua, Zhang Zhidong, Yan Xinmin, Li Jian, Zhu Haixia, Qiang Zhang
    Abstract:

    Clinically, sheeppox and Goatpox have the same symptoms and cannot be distinguished serologically. A cheaper and easy method for differential diagnosis is important in control of this disease in endemic region. A duplex PCR assay was developed for the specific differential detection of Goatpox Virus (GTPV) and Sheeppox Virus (SPPV), using two sets of primers based on viral E10R gene and RPO132 gene. Nucleic acid electrophoresis results showed that SPPV-positive samples appear two bands, and GTPV-positive samples only one stripe. There were no cross-reactions with nucleic acids extracted from other pathogens including foot-and-mouth disease Virus, Orf Virus. The duplex PCR assay developed can specially detect SPPV or GTPV present in samples (n = 135) collected from suspected cases of Capripox. The duplex PCR assay developed is a specific and sensitive method for the differential diagnosis of GTPV and SPPV infection, with the potential to be standardized as a detection method for Capripox in endemic areas.

  • Development of real-time and lateral flow dipstick recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid detection of Goatpox Virus and sheeppox Virus
    Virology journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yang Yang, Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Xiaodong Qin, Xiangle Zhang, Wei Zhang, Guozheng Cong, Zhidong Zhang
    Abstract:

    Goatpox Virus (GTPV) and sheeppox Virus (SPPV), which belong to the CapripoxVirus (CaPV), are economically important pathogens of small ruminants. Therefore, a sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic assay for detection of GTPV and SPPV is necessary to accurately and promptly control these diseases. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays combined with a real-time fluorescent detection (real-time RPA assay) and lateral flow dipstick (RPA LFD assay) were developed targeting the CaPV G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene, respectively. The sensitivity of both CaPV real-time RPA assay and CaPV RPA LFD assay were 3 × 102 copies per reaction within 20 min at 38 °C. Both assays were highly specific for CaPV, with no cross-reactions with peste des petits ruminants Virus, foot-and-mouth disease Virus and Orf Virus. The evaluation of the performance of these two assays with clinical sample (n = 107) showed that the CaPV real-time RPA assay and CaPV RPA LFD assay were able to specially detect SPPV or GTPV present in samples of ovine in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, skin and blood. This study provided a highly time-efficient and simple alternative for rapid detection of GTPV and SPPV.

  • RNA interference targeting virion core protein ORF095 inhibits Goatpox Virus replication in Vero cells
    Virology journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Wu Guohua, Qiang Zhang, Yan Xinmin, Li Jian, Zhu Haixia, Yongxi Dou, Xuepeng Cai
    Abstract:

    Background Goatpox is an economically important disease in goat and sheep-producing areas of the world. Many vaccine strategies developed to control the disease are not yet completely successful. Hairpin expression vectors have been used to induce gene silencing in a large number of studies on Viruses. However, none of these studies has been attempted to study GTPV. In the interest of exploiting improved methods to control goat pox, it is participated that RNAi may provide effective protection against GTPV. In this study we show the suppression of Goatpox Virus (GTPV) replication via knockdown of virion core protein using RNA interference.

  • RNA interference targeting virion core protein ORF095 inhibits Goatpox Virus replication in Vero cells
    BMC, 2012
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Wu Guohua, Zhang Qiang, Yan Xinmin, Li Jian, Zhu Haixia, Zhu Xueliang, Dou Yongxi, Cai Xuepeng
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Goatpox is an economically important disease in goat and sheep-producing areas of the world. Many vaccine strategies developed to control the disease are not yet completely successful. Hairpin expression vectors have been used to induce gene silencing in a large number of studies on Viruses. However, none of these studies has been attempted to study GTPV. In the interest of exploiting improved methods to control goat pox, it is participated that RNAi may provide effective protection against GTPV. In this study we show the suppression of Goatpox Virus (GTPV) replication via knockdown of virion core protein using RNA interference. Results Four short interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences (siRNA-61, siRNA-70, siRNA-165 and siRNA-296) against a region of GTPV ORF095 were selected. Sense and antisense siRNA-encoding sequences separated by a hairpin loop sequence were designed as short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression cassettes under the control of a human U6 promoter. ORF095 amplicon was generated using PCR, and then cloned into pEGFP-N1 vector, named as p095/EGFP. p095/EGFP and each of the siRNA expression cassettes (p61, p70, p165 and p296) were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells. Fluorescence detection, flow cytometric analysis, retro transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and real time PCR were used to check the efficiency of RNAi. The results showed that the ORF095-specific siRNA-70 effectively down-regulated the expression of ORF095. When Vero cells were transfected with shRNA expression vectors (p61/GFP, p70/GFP, p165/GFP and p296/GFP) and then infected with GTPV, GTPV-ORF095-70 was found to be the most effective inhibition site in decreasing cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by GTPV. The results presented here indicated that DNA-based siRNA could effectively inhibit the replication of GTPV (approximately 463. 5-fold reduction of viral titers) on Vero cells. Conclusions This study demonstrates that vector-based shRNA methodology can effectively inhibit GTPV replication on Vero cells. Simultaneously, this work represents a strategy for controlling Goatpox, potentially facilitating new experimental approaches in the analysis of both viral and cellular gene functions during of GTPV infection.

Xueliang Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Species‐specific inhibition of capripoxVirus replication by host antiviral protein kinase R
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Qin Xiaodong, Caiyun Huang, Wu Guohua, Qiang Zhang, Zhang Zhidong
    Abstract:

    The role of interferon (IFN)-induced protein kinase R (PKR) in capripoxVirus (CaPV)-infected cells remains unknown. In this study, we show that CaPV infection triggered PKR and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) protein phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, and that this leads to decreased CaPV replication. Overexpression of PKR compromised viral gene expression and inhibited sheeppox Virus (SPPV) replication. Downregulation of PKR with siRNAs significantly decreased eIF2α phosphorylation and reduced the mRNA level of IFN-β, which increased Virus replication. In luciferase assays, species-different CaPVs K3L proteins inhibited sheep PKR (sPKR): Goatpox Virus K3L strongly inhibited sPKR and goat PKR (gPKR), but SPPV K3L only partially inhibited gPKR. These results are the first to show that SPPV infection induces phosphorylation of eIF2α through PKR activation, which then results in restriction of CaPV replication. Furthermore, our data show that CaPV K3L inhibits PKR in a species-specific manner. The results presented are consistent with the hypothesis that different levels of PKR inhibition by K3L orthologs from various Viruses could potentially contribute to the host range function of K3L.

  • Development of duplex PCR for differential detection of Goatpox and sheeppox Viruses.
    BMC veterinary research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Wu Guohua, Zhang Zhidong, Yan Xinmin, Li Jian, Zhu Haixia, Qiang Zhang
    Abstract:

    Clinically, sheeppox and Goatpox have the same symptoms and cannot be distinguished serologically. A cheaper and easy method for differential diagnosis is important in control of this disease in endemic region. A duplex PCR assay was developed for the specific differential detection of Goatpox Virus (GTPV) and Sheeppox Virus (SPPV), using two sets of primers based on viral E10R gene and RPO132 gene. Nucleic acid electrophoresis results showed that SPPV-positive samples appear two bands, and GTPV-positive samples only one stripe. There were no cross-reactions with nucleic acids extracted from other pathogens including foot-and-mouth disease Virus, Orf Virus. The duplex PCR assay developed can specially detect SPPV or GTPV present in samples (n = 135) collected from suspected cases of Capripox. The duplex PCR assay developed is a specific and sensitive method for the differential diagnosis of GTPV and SPPV infection, with the potential to be standardized as a detection method for Capripox in endemic areas.

  • Development of real-time and lateral flow dipstick recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid detection of Goatpox Virus and sheeppox Virus
    Virology journal, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yang Yang, Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Xiaodong Qin, Xiangle Zhang, Wei Zhang, Guozheng Cong, Zhidong Zhang
    Abstract:

    Goatpox Virus (GTPV) and sheeppox Virus (SPPV), which belong to the CapripoxVirus (CaPV), are economically important pathogens of small ruminants. Therefore, a sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic assay for detection of GTPV and SPPV is necessary to accurately and promptly control these diseases. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays combined with a real-time fluorescent detection (real-time RPA assay) and lateral flow dipstick (RPA LFD assay) were developed targeting the CaPV G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene, respectively. The sensitivity of both CaPV real-time RPA assay and CaPV RPA LFD assay were 3 × 102 copies per reaction within 20 min at 38 °C. Both assays were highly specific for CaPV, with no cross-reactions with peste des petits ruminants Virus, foot-and-mouth disease Virus and Orf Virus. The evaluation of the performance of these two assays with clinical sample (n = 107) showed that the CaPV real-time RPA assay and CaPV RPA LFD assay were able to specially detect SPPV or GTPV present in samples of ovine in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, skin and blood. This study provided a highly time-efficient and simple alternative for rapid detection of GTPV and SPPV.

  • Development of real-time and lateral flow dipstick recombinase polymerase amplification assays for rapid detection of Goatpox Virus and sheeppox Virus
    BMC, 2017
    Co-Authors: Yang Yang, Xueliang Zhu, Xiaodong Qin, Xiangle Zhang, Wei Zhang, Guozheng Cong, Zhixun Zhao, Zhidong Zhang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Goatpox Virus (GTPV) and sheeppox Virus (SPPV), which belong to the CapripoxVirus (CaPV), are economically important pathogens of small ruminants. Therefore, a sensitive, specific and rapid diagnostic assay for detection of GTPV and SPPV is necessary to accurately and promptly control these diseases. Methods Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assays combined with a real-time fluorescent detection (real-time RPA assay) and lateral flow dipstick (RPA LFD assay) were developed targeting the CaPV G-protein-coupled chemokine receptor (GPCR) gene, respectively. Results The sensitivity of both CaPV real-time RPA assay and CaPV RPA LFD assay were 3 × 102 copies per reaction within 20 min at 38 °C. Both assays were highly specific for CaPV, with no cross-reactions with peste des petits ruminants Virus, foot-and-mouth disease Virus and Orf Virus. The evaluation of the performance of these two assays with clinical sample (n = 107) showed that the CaPV real-time RPA assay and CaPV RPA LFD assay were able to specially detect SPPV or GTPV present in samples of ovine in liver, lung, kidney, spleen, skin and blood. Conclusions This study provided a highly time-efficient and simple alternative for rapid detection of GTPV and SPPV

  • Development of duplex PCR for differential detection of Goatpox and sheeppox Viruses
    BMC, 2017
    Co-Authors: Zhixun Zhao, Xueliang Zhu, Xinmin Yan, Zhidong Zhang, Haixia Zhu, Qiang Zhang
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Clinically, sheeppox and Goatpox have the same symptoms and cannot be distinguished serologically. A cheaper and easy method for differential diagnosis is important in control of this disease in endemic region. Methods A duplex PCR assay was developed for the specific differential detection of Goatpox Virus (GTPV) and Sheeppox Virus (SPPV), using two sets of primers based on viral E10R gene and RPO132 gene. Results Nucleic acid electrophoresis results showed that SPPV-positive samples appear two bands, and GTPV-positive samples only one stripe. There were no cross-reactions with nucleic acids extracted from other pathogens including foot-and-mouth disease Virus, Orf Virus. The duplex PCR assay developed can specially detect SPPV or GTPV present in samples (n = 135) collected from suspected cases of Capripox. Conclusions The duplex PCR assay developed is a specific and sensitive method for the differential diagnosis of GTPV and SPPV infection, with the potential to be standardized as a detection method for Capripox in endemic areas

Wu Guohua - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Species‐specific inhibition of capripoxVirus replication by host antiviral protein kinase R
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Qin Xiaodong, Caiyun Huang, Wu Guohua, Qiang Zhang, Zhang Zhidong
    Abstract:

    The role of interferon (IFN)-induced protein kinase R (PKR) in capripoxVirus (CaPV)-infected cells remains unknown. In this study, we show that CaPV infection triggered PKR and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) protein phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, and that this leads to decreased CaPV replication. Overexpression of PKR compromised viral gene expression and inhibited sheeppox Virus (SPPV) replication. Downregulation of PKR with siRNAs significantly decreased eIF2α phosphorylation and reduced the mRNA level of IFN-β, which increased Virus replication. In luciferase assays, species-different CaPVs K3L proteins inhibited sheep PKR (sPKR): Goatpox Virus K3L strongly inhibited sPKR and goat PKR (gPKR), but SPPV K3L only partially inhibited gPKR. These results are the first to show that SPPV infection induces phosphorylation of eIF2α through PKR activation, which then results in restriction of CaPV replication. Furthermore, our data show that CaPV K3L inhibits PKR in a species-specific manner. The results presented are consistent with the hypothesis that different levels of PKR inhibition by K3L orthologs from various Viruses could potentially contribute to the host range function of K3L.

  • Development of duplex PCR for differential detection of Goatpox and sheeppox Viruses.
    BMC veterinary research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Wu Guohua, Zhang Zhidong, Yan Xinmin, Li Jian, Zhu Haixia, Qiang Zhang
    Abstract:

    Clinically, sheeppox and Goatpox have the same symptoms and cannot be distinguished serologically. A cheaper and easy method for differential diagnosis is important in control of this disease in endemic region. A duplex PCR assay was developed for the specific differential detection of Goatpox Virus (GTPV) and Sheeppox Virus (SPPV), using two sets of primers based on viral E10R gene and RPO132 gene. Nucleic acid electrophoresis results showed that SPPV-positive samples appear two bands, and GTPV-positive samples only one stripe. There were no cross-reactions with nucleic acids extracted from other pathogens including foot-and-mouth disease Virus, Orf Virus. The duplex PCR assay developed can specially detect SPPV or GTPV present in samples (n = 135) collected from suspected cases of Capripox. The duplex PCR assay developed is a specific and sensitive method for the differential diagnosis of GTPV and SPPV infection, with the potential to be standardized as a detection method for Capripox in endemic areas.

  • RNA interference targeting virion core protein ORF095 inhibits Goatpox Virus replication in Vero cells
    Virology journal, 2012
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Wu Guohua, Qiang Zhang, Yan Xinmin, Li Jian, Zhu Haixia, Yongxi Dou, Xuepeng Cai
    Abstract:

    Background Goatpox is an economically important disease in goat and sheep-producing areas of the world. Many vaccine strategies developed to control the disease are not yet completely successful. Hairpin expression vectors have been used to induce gene silencing in a large number of studies on Viruses. However, none of these studies has been attempted to study GTPV. In the interest of exploiting improved methods to control goat pox, it is participated that RNAi may provide effective protection against GTPV. In this study we show the suppression of Goatpox Virus (GTPV) replication via knockdown of virion core protein using RNA interference.

  • RNA interference targeting virion core protein ORF095 inhibits Goatpox Virus replication in Vero cells
    BMC, 2012
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Wu Guohua, Zhang Qiang, Yan Xinmin, Li Jian, Zhu Haixia, Zhu Xueliang, Dou Yongxi, Cai Xuepeng
    Abstract:

    Abstract Background Goatpox is an economically important disease in goat and sheep-producing areas of the world. Many vaccine strategies developed to control the disease are not yet completely successful. Hairpin expression vectors have been used to induce gene silencing in a large number of studies on Viruses. However, none of these studies has been attempted to study GTPV. In the interest of exploiting improved methods to control goat pox, it is participated that RNAi may provide effective protection against GTPV. In this study we show the suppression of Goatpox Virus (GTPV) replication via knockdown of virion core protein using RNA interference. Results Four short interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences (siRNA-61, siRNA-70, siRNA-165 and siRNA-296) against a region of GTPV ORF095 were selected. Sense and antisense siRNA-encoding sequences separated by a hairpin loop sequence were designed as short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression cassettes under the control of a human U6 promoter. ORF095 amplicon was generated using PCR, and then cloned into pEGFP-N1 vector, named as p095/EGFP. p095/EGFP and each of the siRNA expression cassettes (p61, p70, p165 and p296) were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells. Fluorescence detection, flow cytometric analysis, retro transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and real time PCR were used to check the efficiency of RNAi. The results showed that the ORF095-specific siRNA-70 effectively down-regulated the expression of ORF095. When Vero cells were transfected with shRNA expression vectors (p61/GFP, p70/GFP, p165/GFP and p296/GFP) and then infected with GTPV, GTPV-ORF095-70 was found to be the most effective inhibition site in decreasing cytopathic effect (CPE) induced by GTPV. The results presented here indicated that DNA-based siRNA could effectively inhibit the replication of GTPV (approximately 463. 5-fold reduction of viral titers) on Vero cells. Conclusions This study demonstrates that vector-based shRNA methodology can effectively inhibit GTPV replication on Vero cells. Simultaneously, this work represents a strategy for controlling Goatpox, potentially facilitating new experimental approaches in the analysis of both viral and cellular gene functions during of GTPV infection.

  • Structural modelling and analysis of P32 from a Goatpox Virus Gulang strain.
    Chinese Veterinary Science, 2010
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Wu Guohua, Yan Xinmin, Li Jian, Zhu Haixia, Cui Lifan, Zhang Qiang
    Abstract:

    To predict 3-dimensional structure of P32 protein of Goatpox Virus(GPV),DNA isolated from the GPV Gulang strain was used as template to amplify the target gene by PCR.Purified PCR product was cloned into pMD18-T Simple vectors and transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α.The positive recombinant plasmid was identified by electrophoresis,PCR,and restriction digestions with XhoⅠ and BamHⅠ.The nucleotide sequence was confirmed by comparing with the full-length sequence of other reference strains.3D model of the structure protein P32 of GPV Gulang strain was established using Threading model.On the basis of several parameters,such as hydrophilicity,flexibility,antigenic index,and surface probability,the B cell epitopes on P32 were predicted.The p32 gene was quite conserved at the nucleotide level and its total mutation rate among 19 GPV strains was 0.22%.The region of 286th to 306th near the carboxyl-terminal is the transmembrane region,and all of the 11aa to 19aa,21aa,47aa,66aa,123aa,154aa,155aa,183aa,185aa,225aa,230aa to 232aa,235aa,238aa,239aa in P32 protein were most likely to form the B cell epitopes on P32.

Zhang Zhidong - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Species‐specific inhibition of capripoxVirus replication by host antiviral protein kinase R
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2018
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Qin Xiaodong, Caiyun Huang, Wu Guohua, Qiang Zhang, Zhang Zhidong
    Abstract:

    The role of interferon (IFN)-induced protein kinase R (PKR) in capripoxVirus (CaPV)-infected cells remains unknown. In this study, we show that CaPV infection triggered PKR and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2α) protein phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner, and that this leads to decreased CaPV replication. Overexpression of PKR compromised viral gene expression and inhibited sheeppox Virus (SPPV) replication. Downregulation of PKR with siRNAs significantly decreased eIF2α phosphorylation and reduced the mRNA level of IFN-β, which increased Virus replication. In luciferase assays, species-different CaPVs K3L proteins inhibited sheep PKR (sPKR): Goatpox Virus K3L strongly inhibited sPKR and goat PKR (gPKR), but SPPV K3L only partially inhibited gPKR. These results are the first to show that SPPV infection induces phosphorylation of eIF2α through PKR activation, which then results in restriction of CaPV replication. Furthermore, our data show that CaPV K3L inhibits PKR in a species-specific manner. The results presented are consistent with the hypothesis that different levels of PKR inhibition by K3L orthologs from various Viruses could potentially contribute to the host range function of K3L.

  • Development of duplex PCR for differential detection of Goatpox and sheeppox Viruses.
    BMC veterinary research, 2017
    Co-Authors: Zhao Zhixun, Xueliang Zhu, Wu Guohua, Zhang Zhidong, Yan Xinmin, Li Jian, Zhu Haixia, Qiang Zhang
    Abstract:

    Clinically, sheeppox and Goatpox have the same symptoms and cannot be distinguished serologically. A cheaper and easy method for differential diagnosis is important in control of this disease in endemic region. A duplex PCR assay was developed for the specific differential detection of Goatpox Virus (GTPV) and Sheeppox Virus (SPPV), using two sets of primers based on viral E10R gene and RPO132 gene. Nucleic acid electrophoresis results showed that SPPV-positive samples appear two bands, and GTPV-positive samples only one stripe. There were no cross-reactions with nucleic acids extracted from other pathogens including foot-and-mouth disease Virus, Orf Virus. The duplex PCR assay developed can specially detect SPPV or GTPV present in samples (n = 135) collected from suspected cases of Capripox. The duplex PCR assay developed is a specific and sensitive method for the differential diagnosis of GTPV and SPPV infection, with the potential to be standardized as a detection method for Capripox in endemic areas.

Stefan Rothenburg - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Species-specific inhibition of antiviral protein kinase R by capripoxViruses and vaccinia Virus.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2019
    Co-Authors: Chorong Park, Greg Brennan, Chen Peng, Stefan Rothenburg
    Abstract:

    Double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase R (PKR) is an important and rapidly evolving antiviral kinase. Most poxViruses contain two distinct PKR inhibitors, called E3 and K3 in vaccinia Virus (VACV), the prototypic orthopoxVirus. E3 prevents PKR homodimerization by binding double-stranded RNA, while K3 acts as a pseudosubstrate inhibitor by binding directly to activated PKR and thereby inhibiting interaction with its substrate eIF2α. In our study here, we analyzed E3 and K3 orthologs from the phylogenetically distinct capripoxViruses (CaPVs), which include lumpy skin disease Virus, sheeppox Virus, and Goatpox Virus. Whereas the sheeppox Virus E3 ortholog did not substantially inhibit PKR, all three CaPV K3 orthologs showed species-specific inhibition of PKR, with strong inhibition of sheep, goat, and human PKR but only weak inhibition of cow and mouse PKR. In contrast, VACV K3 strongly inhibited cow and mouse PKR but not sheep, goat, or human PKR. Infection of cell lines from the respective species with engineered VACV strains that contained different K3 orthologs showed a good correlation of PKR inhibition with Virus replication and eIF2α phosphorylation. Our results show that K3 orthologs can have dramatically different effects on PKR of different species and indicate that effective PKR inhibition by K3 orthologs is crucial for Virus replication.