The Experts below are selected from a list of 144 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Geoffrey W Smithers - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Whey and whey proteins-From 'gutter-to-Gold'
    International Dairy Journal, 2008
    Co-Authors: Geoffrey W Smithers
    Abstract:

    Whey was discovered about 3000 years ago. Apart from being valued as a medicinal agent in the 17th and 18th centuries, whey has primarily been considered a waste by the dairy industry, and thus destined for the 'cheapest gutter'. In the late 20th century, regulations prevented disposal of untreated whey. At the same time, recognition of the value of whey components accelerated. Modern science has unravelled the secrets of whey proteins and other components, and established a sound basis for their nutritional and functional value. In parallel, technology developments exploited this underpinning knowledge, manifested as advanced whey-processing regimes. These advances have continued through the early 21st century with the focus more on the biological functionality of whey components. Cost effectiveness has been a driver in recent whey-processing developments, manifested as novel separation techniques for a range of functional isolates. This paper traces the history of whey, and highlights milestones that have seen whey and whey proteins transformed from 'gutter-to-Gold'. Crown Copyright © 2008.

Ricardo Jorge Dinis-oliveira - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Quantification of buprenorphine and the metabolites of methadone and heroin in hair of patients in rehabilitation programs by GC–MS
    Toxicology Letters, 2015
    Co-Authors: D. Lima, Franklim Marques, Félix Carvalho, A. Duarte, Carlos A. M. Afonso, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-oliveira
    Abstract:

    s / Toxicology Letters 238S (2015) S56–S383 S159 P05-059 Levels of mercury in amalgam tattoos G. Guzzi1,∗, F. Spadari2, G.P. Bombeccari2, I. Bolengo1,∗, L. Brambilla3, S. Ferrucci3, A. Ronchi4, P.D. Pigatto5, F. Pallotti 6 1 Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research – A.I.R.M.E.B., Dental Toxicology, Milan, Italy 2 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 3 Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Operative Unit of Dermatology, Milan, Italy 4 IRCCS Maugeri Foundation and University of Pavia, Italy, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy 5 IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 6 Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Milan, Italy Question: Mercury is thought to be deposit in amalgam tattoo, which are oral localized black-bluish pigmentation, but there are no reports documenting the presence of inorganic and/or organic mercury in amalgam tattoos in the oral cavity in humans. Methods: The content of total mercury in amalgam tattoo due to mercury released from mercury-containing amalgam fillings was determined in 5 specimens of amalgam tattoo. We analyzed at about 50–200mgwet weight of tissue for each specimen and fixed in 10 percent formaldehyde, and compared with the levels of total mercury of 20 gingiva specimens without amalgam tattoo. Results: Total mercury levels were elevated in all specimens of amalgam tattoo we analyzed (5 of 5), as it greatly exceeds the normal range 2 g/g (toxic level, >200). The mean mercury level in amalgam tattoo was 82.12 g/g as compared with 0.204 micrograms per gram in controls. We found that the content of the total mercury in amalgam tattoo specimens ranged from3.2 to 358 g/g. In one amalgam tattoo tissue with the highest mercury level was also observed a high level of silver (Ag) 94.5 g/g (threshold limit value). Conclusions: Amalgam tattoo had elevated total mercury levels. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.492 P05-060 Quantification of buprenorphine and the metabolites of methadone and heroin in hair of patients in rehabilitation programs by GC–MS D. Lima1,2,∗, F. Marques2, A. Duarte2, C.M. Afonso3, F. Carvalho1, R. Dinis-Oliveira1,∗ 1 University of Porto, Laboratory of Toxicology, Porto, Portugal 2 Fluminense Federal University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Niteroi, Brazil 3 University of Porto, Center of Medical Chemistry, Porto, Portugal Hair analysisprovides informationaboutuseofdrugsovera long period. In thepresent studyamethodology aimed the simultaneous quantification of buprenorphine, ofmethadone and itsmetabolites, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrrolidine (EMDP), and of heroin metabolites, morphine and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), in hair samples collected from drug abusers enrolled in methadone treatment program for heroine addition. Ethylmorphine was used as internal standard. Washing, spiking and extraction studies of hair drugs were developed. After decontaminationwith n-hexane, an amount of 30mg of powdered real hair samples were placed in a tube and 1mL of hydrochloric acid 0.1mol/L. After overnight incubation at 60 ◦C the solution was neutralized with 1mL of NaOH 0.1mol/L and buffered with 1mL of phosphate buffer pH 7.0. Samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5min, the supernatant being collected and purified by solid-phase extraction using mixed-mode extraction cartridges (MCX). The analytes were eluted with 2mL of a mixture of methanol:ammonia (5%). The obtained solutions were evaporated to dryness under a streamof nitrogen and subsequently resuspended with 50 L derivatizing N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). Blank, standards and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/electron impact-mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS). Selectivity, linearity, analytical limits (i.e., limit of detection and low limit of quantification – LOD and LLOQ), carryover, precision, accuracy and recovery were evaluated. A number of 10 hair samples from human subjects following a long-term methadone therapy were analyzed by this method. All analytes were identified except EMDP, possibly because its represents less than 10% of methadone metabolites and hair excretion may not be substantial.Methadone andmorphinewere found in all samples, 6AM in four samples and EDDP in three samples of the samples analyzed. In conclusion, the developedmethod can be applied in forensic and clinical routine during therapeutic rehabilitation programs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.493 P05-061 Gynecomastia associated with mercury-containing dental amalgam fillings I. Bolengo1,∗, A. Ronchi2, P.D. Pigatto3, G.P. Bombeccari4, F. Spadari4, G. Guzzi1 1 Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research – A.I.R.M.E.B., Dental Toxicology, Milan, Italy 2 IRCCS Maugeri Foundation and University of Pavia, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy 3 IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 4 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy Question:Wepresent a casewheregynecomastiawas associated with overexposure to mercury-containing amalgam. July 2002, a 31-year-old man was referred to us because of permanent sensation of metallic taste. He has simply not taste for water and he had chronic fatigue. December 2001, he had a painful enlargement of the left breast that was diagnosed as idiopathic gynecomastia. He showed 7 mercury fillings and one Gold Crown on his upper right first molar. Methods: Patient received an extensive laboratory investigation. Results: Levels of mercury in chewing gum-stimulated whole saliva was 211.6 g/l [limit values: were elevated in association with thedyspepsia, andwas a clear-cut evidenceof toxic local effect on papillae gustative due to mercury exposure. Conclusions: Our case report documented a temporal relation between mercury amalgam-replacement and the resolution of signs and symptoms of gynecomastia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.494

  • Quantification of buprenorphine and the metabolites of methadone and heroin in hair of patients in rehabilitation programs by GC–MS
    Toxicology Letters, 2015
    Co-Authors: D. Lima, Franklim Marques, Félix Carvalho, A. Duarte, Carlos A. M. Afonso, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-oliveira
    Abstract:

    s / Toxicology Letters 238S (2015) S56–S383 S159 P05-059 Levels of mercury in amalgam tattoos G. Guzzi1,∗, F. Spadari2, G.P. Bombeccari2, I. Bolengo1,∗, L. Brambilla3, S. Ferrucci3, A. Ronchi4, P.D. Pigatto5, F. Pallotti 6 1 Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research – A.I.R.M.E.B., Dental Toxicology, Milan, Italy 2 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 3 Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Operative Unit of Dermatology, Milan, Italy 4 IRCCS Maugeri Foundation and University of Pavia, Italy, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy 5 IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 6 Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Milan, Italy Question: Mercury is thought to be deposit in amalgam tattoo, which are oral localized black-bluish pigmentation, but there are no reports documenting the presence of inorganic and/or organic mercury in amalgam tattoos in the oral cavity in humans. Methods: The content of total mercury in amalgam tattoo due to mercury released from mercury-containing amalgam fillings was determined in 5 specimens of amalgam tattoo. We analyzed at about 50–200mgwet weight of tissue for each specimen and fixed in 10 percent formaldehyde, and compared with the levels of total mercury of 20 gingiva specimens without amalgam tattoo. Results: Total mercury levels were elevated in all specimens of amalgam tattoo we analyzed (5 of 5), as it greatly exceeds the normal range 2 g/g (toxic level, >200). The mean mercury level in amalgam tattoo was 82.12 g/g as compared with 0.204 micrograms per gram in controls. We found that the content of the total mercury in amalgam tattoo specimens ranged from3.2 to 358 g/g. In one amalgam tattoo tissue with the highest mercury level was also observed a high level of silver (Ag) 94.5 g/g (threshold limit value). Conclusions: Amalgam tattoo had elevated total mercury levels. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.492 P05-060 Quantification of buprenorphine and the metabolites of methadone and heroin in hair of patients in rehabilitation programs by GC–MS D. Lima1,2,∗, F. Marques2, A. Duarte2, C.M. Afonso3, F. Carvalho1, R. Dinis-Oliveira1,∗ 1 University of Porto, Laboratory of Toxicology, Porto, Portugal 2 Fluminense Federal University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Niteroi, Brazil 3 University of Porto, Center of Medical Chemistry, Porto, Portugal Hair analysisprovides informationaboutuseofdrugsovera long period. In thepresent studyamethodology aimed the simultaneous quantification of buprenorphine, ofmethadone and itsmetabolites, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrrolidine (EMDP), and of heroin metabolites, morphine and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), in hair samples collected from drug abusers enrolled in methadone treatment program for heroine addition. Ethylmorphine was used as internal standard. Washing, spiking and extraction studies of hair drugs were developed. After decontaminationwith n-hexane, an amount of 30mg of powdered real hair samples were placed in a tube and 1mL of hydrochloric acid 0.1mol/L. After overnight incubation at 60 ◦C the solution was neutralized with 1mL of NaOH 0.1mol/L and buffered with 1mL of phosphate buffer pH 7.0. Samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5min, the supernatant being collected and purified by solid-phase extraction using mixed-mode extraction cartridges (MCX). The analytes were eluted with 2mL of a mixture of methanol:ammonia (5%). The obtained solutions were evaporated to dryness under a streamof nitrogen and subsequently resuspended with 50 L derivatizing N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). Blank, standards and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/electron impact-mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS). Selectivity, linearity, analytical limits (i.e., limit of detection and low limit of quantification – LOD and LLOQ), carryover, precision, accuracy and recovery were evaluated. A number of 10 hair samples from human subjects following a long-term methadone therapy were analyzed by this method. All analytes were identified except EMDP, possibly because its represents less than 10% of methadone metabolites and hair excretion may not be substantial.Methadone andmorphinewere found in all samples, 6AM in four samples and EDDP in three samples of the samples analyzed. In conclusion, the developedmethod can be applied in forensic and clinical routine during therapeutic rehabilitation programs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.493 P05-061 Gynecomastia associated with mercury-containing dental amalgam fillings I. Bolengo1,∗, A. Ronchi2, P.D. Pigatto3, G.P. Bombeccari4, F. Spadari4, G. Guzzi1 1 Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research – A.I.R.M.E.B., Dental Toxicology, Milan, Italy 2 IRCCS Maugeri Foundation and University of Pavia, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy 3 IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 4 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy Question:Wepresent a casewheregynecomastiawas associated with overexposure to mercury-containing amalgam. July 2002, a 31-year-old man was referred to us because of permanent sensation of metallic taste. He has simply not taste for water and he had chronic fatigue. December 2001, he had a painful enlargement of the left breast that was diagnosed as idiopathic gynecomastia. He showed 7 mercury fillings and one Gold Crown on his upper right first molar. Methods: Patient received an extensive laboratory investigation. Results: Levels of mercury in chewing gum-stimulated whole saliva was 211.6 g/l [limit values: were elevated in association with thedyspepsia, andwas a clear-cut evidenceof toxic local effect on papillae gustative due to mercury exposure. Conclusions: Our case report documented a temporal relation between mercury amalgam-replacement and the resolution of signs and symptoms of gynecomastia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.494

Clark M. Stanford - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Finite element stress analysis of IMZ abutment designs: development of a model.
    Journal of Prosthodontics, 1997
    Co-Authors: David C. Holmes, Ana M. Diaz-arnold, Chris R Haganman, Steven A. Aquilino, Clark M. Stanford
    Abstract:

    Purpose This article describes the development of a model system for use in finite element stress analysis of three different IMZ abutment designs: original threaded Intra-Mobile Element (IME), Abutment Complete (ABC), and Intra-Mobile Connector (IMC). Materials and Methods A three-dimensional model simulating a cast Gold Crown restoration attached to an osseointegrated IMZ implant fixture was generated for each abutment design. Each model was discretized into axisymmetric finite elements representing the Crown, the various implant system components, and supporting structures. A convergence test was performed to optimize the mesh. Convergence test mesh refinement for the IME, the IMC, and the ABC abutment models resulted in 818 elements, 2,566 nodes; 738 elements, 2,362 nodes; and 663 elements, 2,051 nodes, respectively. Progressive tightening of the retaining screw (preload) was simulated; the degree of screw tightening necessary to prevent opening of the Crown-abutment interface in extreme loading (500-N occlusal load at 45°) was determined individually for each system. Conclusions Models of three IMZ abutment designs have been refined and the appropriate relative screw preloads determined. This model system is to be used subsequently in stress analysis comparison for the three systems.

  • Finite element stress analysis of IMZ abutment designs: development of a model.
    Journal of Prosthodontics, 1997
    Co-Authors: David C. Holmes, Ana M. Diaz-arnold, Chris R Haganman, Steven A. Aquilino, Clark M. Stanford
    Abstract:

    Purpose This article describes the development of a model system for use in finite element stress analysis of three different IMZ abutment designs: original threaded Intra-Mobile Element (IME), Abutment Complete (ABC), and Intra-Mobile Connector (IMC). Materials and Methods A three-dimensional model simulating a cast Gold Crown restoration attached to an osseointegrated IMZ implant fixture was generated for each abutment design. Each model was discretized into axisymmetric finite elements representing the Crown, the various implant system components, and supporting structures. A convergence test was performed to optimize the mesh. Convergence test mesh refinement for the IME, the IMC, and the ABC abutment models resulted in 818 elements, 2,566 nodes; 738 elements, 2,362 nodes; and 663 elements, 2,051 nodes, respectively. Progressive tightening of the retaining screw (preload) was simulated; the degree of screw tightening necessary to prevent opening of the Crown-abutment interface in extreme loading (500-N occlusal load at 45°) was determined individually for each system. Conclusions Models of three IMZ abutment designs have been refined and the appropriate relative screw preloads determined. This model system is to be used subsequently in stress analysis comparison for the three systems.

D. Lima - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Quantification of buprenorphine and the metabolites of methadone and heroin in hair of patients in rehabilitation programs by GC–MS
    Toxicology Letters, 2015
    Co-Authors: D. Lima, Franklim Marques, Félix Carvalho, A. Duarte, Carlos A. M. Afonso, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-oliveira
    Abstract:

    s / Toxicology Letters 238S (2015) S56–S383 S159 P05-059 Levels of mercury in amalgam tattoos G. Guzzi1,∗, F. Spadari2, G.P. Bombeccari2, I. Bolengo1,∗, L. Brambilla3, S. Ferrucci3, A. Ronchi4, P.D. Pigatto5, F. Pallotti 6 1 Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research – A.I.R.M.E.B., Dental Toxicology, Milan, Italy 2 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 3 Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Operative Unit of Dermatology, Milan, Italy 4 IRCCS Maugeri Foundation and University of Pavia, Italy, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy 5 IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 6 Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Milan, Italy Question: Mercury is thought to be deposit in amalgam tattoo, which are oral localized black-bluish pigmentation, but there are no reports documenting the presence of inorganic and/or organic mercury in amalgam tattoos in the oral cavity in humans. Methods: The content of total mercury in amalgam tattoo due to mercury released from mercury-containing amalgam fillings was determined in 5 specimens of amalgam tattoo. We analyzed at about 50–200mgwet weight of tissue for each specimen and fixed in 10 percent formaldehyde, and compared with the levels of total mercury of 20 gingiva specimens without amalgam tattoo. Results: Total mercury levels were elevated in all specimens of amalgam tattoo we analyzed (5 of 5), as it greatly exceeds the normal range 2 g/g (toxic level, >200). The mean mercury level in amalgam tattoo was 82.12 g/g as compared with 0.204 micrograms per gram in controls. We found that the content of the total mercury in amalgam tattoo specimens ranged from3.2 to 358 g/g. In one amalgam tattoo tissue with the highest mercury level was also observed a high level of silver (Ag) 94.5 g/g (threshold limit value). Conclusions: Amalgam tattoo had elevated total mercury levels. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.492 P05-060 Quantification of buprenorphine and the metabolites of methadone and heroin in hair of patients in rehabilitation programs by GC–MS D. Lima1,2,∗, F. Marques2, A. Duarte2, C.M. Afonso3, F. Carvalho1, R. Dinis-Oliveira1,∗ 1 University of Porto, Laboratory of Toxicology, Porto, Portugal 2 Fluminense Federal University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Niteroi, Brazil 3 University of Porto, Center of Medical Chemistry, Porto, Portugal Hair analysisprovides informationaboutuseofdrugsovera long period. In thepresent studyamethodology aimed the simultaneous quantification of buprenorphine, ofmethadone and itsmetabolites, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrrolidine (EMDP), and of heroin metabolites, morphine and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), in hair samples collected from drug abusers enrolled in methadone treatment program for heroine addition. Ethylmorphine was used as internal standard. Washing, spiking and extraction studies of hair drugs were developed. After decontaminationwith n-hexane, an amount of 30mg of powdered real hair samples were placed in a tube and 1mL of hydrochloric acid 0.1mol/L. After overnight incubation at 60 ◦C the solution was neutralized with 1mL of NaOH 0.1mol/L and buffered with 1mL of phosphate buffer pH 7.0. Samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5min, the supernatant being collected and purified by solid-phase extraction using mixed-mode extraction cartridges (MCX). The analytes were eluted with 2mL of a mixture of methanol:ammonia (5%). The obtained solutions were evaporated to dryness under a streamof nitrogen and subsequently resuspended with 50 L derivatizing N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). Blank, standards and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/electron impact-mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS). Selectivity, linearity, analytical limits (i.e., limit of detection and low limit of quantification – LOD and LLOQ), carryover, precision, accuracy and recovery were evaluated. A number of 10 hair samples from human subjects following a long-term methadone therapy were analyzed by this method. All analytes were identified except EMDP, possibly because its represents less than 10% of methadone metabolites and hair excretion may not be substantial.Methadone andmorphinewere found in all samples, 6AM in four samples and EDDP in three samples of the samples analyzed. In conclusion, the developedmethod can be applied in forensic and clinical routine during therapeutic rehabilitation programs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.493 P05-061 Gynecomastia associated with mercury-containing dental amalgam fillings I. Bolengo1,∗, A. Ronchi2, P.D. Pigatto3, G.P. Bombeccari4, F. Spadari4, G. Guzzi1 1 Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research – A.I.R.M.E.B., Dental Toxicology, Milan, Italy 2 IRCCS Maugeri Foundation and University of Pavia, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy 3 IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 4 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy Question:Wepresent a casewheregynecomastiawas associated with overexposure to mercury-containing amalgam. July 2002, a 31-year-old man was referred to us because of permanent sensation of metallic taste. He has simply not taste for water and he had chronic fatigue. December 2001, he had a painful enlargement of the left breast that was diagnosed as idiopathic gynecomastia. He showed 7 mercury fillings and one Gold Crown on his upper right first molar. Methods: Patient received an extensive laboratory investigation. Results: Levels of mercury in chewing gum-stimulated whole saliva was 211.6 g/l [limit values: were elevated in association with thedyspepsia, andwas a clear-cut evidenceof toxic local effect on papillae gustative due to mercury exposure. Conclusions: Our case report documented a temporal relation between mercury amalgam-replacement and the resolution of signs and symptoms of gynecomastia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.494

  • Quantification of buprenorphine and the metabolites of methadone and heroin in hair of patients in rehabilitation programs by GC–MS
    Toxicology Letters, 2015
    Co-Authors: D. Lima, Franklim Marques, Félix Carvalho, A. Duarte, Carlos A. M. Afonso, Ricardo Jorge Dinis-oliveira
    Abstract:

    s / Toxicology Letters 238S (2015) S56–S383 S159 P05-059 Levels of mercury in amalgam tattoos G. Guzzi1,∗, F. Spadari2, G.P. Bombeccari2, I. Bolengo1,∗, L. Brambilla3, S. Ferrucci3, A. Ronchi4, P.D. Pigatto5, F. Pallotti 6 1 Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research – A.I.R.M.E.B., Dental Toxicology, Milan, Italy 2 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 3 Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda – Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Operative Unit of Dermatology, Milan, Italy 4 IRCCS Maugeri Foundation and University of Pavia, Italy, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy 5 IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 6 Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Milan, Italy Question: Mercury is thought to be deposit in amalgam tattoo, which are oral localized black-bluish pigmentation, but there are no reports documenting the presence of inorganic and/or organic mercury in amalgam tattoos in the oral cavity in humans. Methods: The content of total mercury in amalgam tattoo due to mercury released from mercury-containing amalgam fillings was determined in 5 specimens of amalgam tattoo. We analyzed at about 50–200mgwet weight of tissue for each specimen and fixed in 10 percent formaldehyde, and compared with the levels of total mercury of 20 gingiva specimens without amalgam tattoo. Results: Total mercury levels were elevated in all specimens of amalgam tattoo we analyzed (5 of 5), as it greatly exceeds the normal range 2 g/g (toxic level, >200). The mean mercury level in amalgam tattoo was 82.12 g/g as compared with 0.204 micrograms per gram in controls. We found that the content of the total mercury in amalgam tattoo specimens ranged from3.2 to 358 g/g. In one amalgam tattoo tissue with the highest mercury level was also observed a high level of silver (Ag) 94.5 g/g (threshold limit value). Conclusions: Amalgam tattoo had elevated total mercury levels. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.492 P05-060 Quantification of buprenorphine and the metabolites of methadone and heroin in hair of patients in rehabilitation programs by GC–MS D. Lima1,2,∗, F. Marques2, A. Duarte2, C.M. Afonso3, F. Carvalho1, R. Dinis-Oliveira1,∗ 1 University of Porto, Laboratory of Toxicology, Porto, Portugal 2 Fluminense Federal University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Niteroi, Brazil 3 University of Porto, Center of Medical Chemistry, Porto, Portugal Hair analysisprovides informationaboutuseofdrugsovera long period. In thepresent studyamethodology aimed the simultaneous quantification of buprenorphine, ofmethadone and itsmetabolites, 2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP) and 2ethyl-5-methyl-3,3-diphenyl-1-pyrrolidine (EMDP), and of heroin metabolites, morphine and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM), in hair samples collected from drug abusers enrolled in methadone treatment program for heroine addition. Ethylmorphine was used as internal standard. Washing, spiking and extraction studies of hair drugs were developed. After decontaminationwith n-hexane, an amount of 30mg of powdered real hair samples were placed in a tube and 1mL of hydrochloric acid 0.1mol/L. After overnight incubation at 60 ◦C the solution was neutralized with 1mL of NaOH 0.1mol/L and buffered with 1mL of phosphate buffer pH 7.0. Samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 5min, the supernatant being collected and purified by solid-phase extraction using mixed-mode extraction cartridges (MCX). The analytes were eluted with 2mL of a mixture of methanol:ammonia (5%). The obtained solutions were evaporated to dryness under a streamof nitrogen and subsequently resuspended with 50 L derivatizing N-methyl-N-(trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA). Blank, standards and samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/electron impact-mass spectrometry (GC-EI/MS). Selectivity, linearity, analytical limits (i.e., limit of detection and low limit of quantification – LOD and LLOQ), carryover, precision, accuracy and recovery were evaluated. A number of 10 hair samples from human subjects following a long-term methadone therapy were analyzed by this method. All analytes were identified except EMDP, possibly because its represents less than 10% of methadone metabolites and hair excretion may not be substantial.Methadone andmorphinewere found in all samples, 6AM in four samples and EDDP in three samples of the samples analyzed. In conclusion, the developedmethod can be applied in forensic and clinical routine during therapeutic rehabilitation programs. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.493 P05-061 Gynecomastia associated with mercury-containing dental amalgam fillings I. Bolengo1,∗, A. Ronchi2, P.D. Pigatto3, G.P. Bombeccari4, F. Spadari4, G. Guzzi1 1 Italian Association for Metals and Biocompatibility Research – A.I.R.M.E.B., Dental Toxicology, Milan, Italy 2 IRCCS Maugeri Foundation and University of Pavia, Pavia Poison Control Center and National Toxicology Information Centre, Toxicology Unit, Pavia, Italy 3 IRCCS Galeazzi Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy 4 Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Fondazione Ca’ Granda IRCCS, University of Milan, Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Milan, Italy Question:Wepresent a casewheregynecomastiawas associated with overexposure to mercury-containing amalgam. July 2002, a 31-year-old man was referred to us because of permanent sensation of metallic taste. He has simply not taste for water and he had chronic fatigue. December 2001, he had a painful enlargement of the left breast that was diagnosed as idiopathic gynecomastia. He showed 7 mercury fillings and one Gold Crown on his upper right first molar. Methods: Patient received an extensive laboratory investigation. Results: Levels of mercury in chewing gum-stimulated whole saliva was 211.6 g/l [limit values: were elevated in association with thedyspepsia, andwas a clear-cut evidenceof toxic local effect on papillae gustative due to mercury exposure. Conclusions: Our case report documented a temporal relation between mercury amalgam-replacement and the resolution of signs and symptoms of gynecomastia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.494

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  • simultaneous sinus lift and implant installation prospective study of consecutive two hundred seventeen sinus lift and four hundred sixty two implants
    Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research, 2014
    Co-Authors: Hessam Nowzari, Hoo Sun Chang
    Abstract:

    Purpose If less than 4 mm of residual bone is remained in posterior maxilla, two-stage operation is recommended for implant installation. However, if primary stability could be obtained using tapered designed implants, one-stage surgery could be performed with reliable success rate in severely resorbed maxilla. The purpose of this prospective study was to evaluate survival and success rates of the implants simultaneously placed into grafted sinus using rough-surfaced implant. Materials and Methods A total of two hundred seventeen consecutive sinus lifting through lateral approach and four hundred sixty-two simultaneous implants were installed from November 2003 for 5.5 years. Xenogenic bone was used solely for bone graft materials. Second surgery was performed around 6 months after operation and porcelain fused metal or Gold Crown was used for definitive restorations. Cumulative survival and success rates were evaluated according to residual alveolar bone height (RABH), smoking status, and Schneiderian membrane perforation. Results The mean follow-up was 57.1 ± 15.6 (36–98) months. Of the four hundred sixty-two implants, two hundred sixty-two implants (56.7%: group 1) were installed in posterior maxilla less than 4-mm RABH and two hundred implants (43.3%: group 2) were placed in over 5-mm RABH. The cumulative survival and success rates were 98.91% and 96.54%. There was no statistically significant difference in success rate between group 1 and group 2 (p = .3135). Perforation of the membrane was not related to success (p = .7162), but smoking status is significantly related with implant failure (p = .0003). Conclusions Sinus lifting with simultaneous implant placement could be used to treat atrophic maxilla in patients with minimal RABH when initial stability could be obtained by using taper designed implants with surgical techniques. Smoking is a possible factor for implant failure. Membrane perforation did not have an adverse effect on implant success if the membrane was repaired with absorbable membrane and fibrin glue.