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Yong Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differences of endogenous polyamines and putative genes associated with paraquat resistance in Goosegrass eleusine indica l
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Zhaoxia Dong, Xuefeng Shen, Yong ChenAbstract:Background Paraquat is one of the most effective herbicides used to control weeds in agricultural management, while the pernicious weed Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) has evolved resistance to herbicides, including paraquat. Polyamines provide high-level paraquat resistance in many plants. In the present study, we selected three polyamines, namely, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, as putative genes to investigate their correlation with paraquat resistance by using paraquat-resistant (R) and paraquat-susceptible (S) Goosegrass populations. Results There was no significant difference in the putrescine nor spermine content between the R and S biotypes. However, 30 and 90 min after paraquat treatment, the spermidine concentration was 346.14-fold and 421.04-fold (P < 0.001) higher in the R biotype than in the S biotype, but the spermidine concentration was drastically reduced to a marginal level after 90 min. Since the transcript level of PqE was low while the spermidine concentration showed a transient increase, the PqE gene was likely involved in the synthesis of the paraquat resistance mechanism, regulation of polyamine content, and synthesis of spermidine and spermine. PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 encode transporter proteins involved in the regulation of paraquat concentration but showed different transcription patterns with synchronous changes in polyamine content. Conclusion Endogenous polyamines (especially spermidine) play a vital role in paraquat resistance in Goosegrass. PqE, PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 were speculated on the relationship between polyamine metabolism and paraquat resistance. To validate the roles of PqE, PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 in polyamine transport systems, further research is needed.
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Transcriptome profiling to discover putative genes associated with paraquat resistance in Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.). PLoS One 2014
2016Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:Background: Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.), a serious annual weed in the world, has evolved resistance to several herbicides including paraquat, a non-selective herbicide. The mechanism of paraquat resistance in weeds is only partially understood. To further study the molecular mechanism underlying paraquat resistance in Goosegrass, we performed transcriptome analysis of susceptible and resistant biotypes of Goosegrass with or without paraquat treatment. Results: The RNA-seq libraries generated 194,716,560 valid reads with an average length of 91.29 bp. De novo assembly analysis produced 158,461 transcripts with an average length of 1153.74 bp and 100,742 unigenes with an average length of 712.79 bp. Among these, 25,926 unigenes were assigned to 65 GO terms that contained three main categories. A total of 13,809 unigenes with 1,208 enzyme commission numbers were assigned to 314 predicted KEGG metabolic pathways, and 12,719 unigenes were categorized into 25 KOG classifications. Furthermore, our results revealed that 53 genes related to reactive oxygen species scavenging, 10 genes related to polyamines and 18 genes related to transport were differentially expressed in paraquat treatment experiments. The genes related to polyamines and transport are likely potential candidate genes that could be further investigated to confirm their roles in paraquat resistance of Goosegrass. Conclusion: This is the first large-scale transcriptome sequencing of E. indica using the Illumina platform. Potential genes involved in paraquat resistance were identified from the assembled sequences. The transcriptome data may serve as
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transcriptome profiling to discover putative genes associated with paraquat resistance in Goosegrass eleusine indica l
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Jing An, Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Yong ChenAbstract:Background Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.), a serious annual weed in the world, has evolved resistance to several herbicides including paraquat, a non-selective herbicide. The mechanism of paraquat resistance in weeds is only partially understood. To further study the molecular mechanism underlying paraquat resistance in Goosegrass, we performed transcriptome analysis of susceptible and resistant biotypes of Goosegrass with or without paraquat treatment.
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Venn diagram showing the genes expressed in each of four samples of Goosegrass transcriptomes (RPKM>10).
2014Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:S0: susceptible Goosegrass seedlings without paraquat; SQ: susceptible Goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min; R0: resistant Goosegrass seedlings without paraquat; RQ: resistant Goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min.
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Summary of Goosegrass transcriptome sequencing.
2014Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:S0: susceptible Goosegrass seedlings without paraquat; SQ: susceptible Goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min; R0: resistant Goosegrass seedlings without paraquat; RQ: resistant Goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min.
John W Wilcut - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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absorption translocation and metabolism of 14c glufosinate in glufosinate resistant corn Goosegrass eleusine indica large crabgrass digitaria sanguinalis and sicklepod senna obtusifolia
Weed Science, 2009Co-Authors: Wesley J. Everman, Alan C. York, Cassandra R Mayhew, James D Burton, John W WilcutAbstract:Abstract Greenhouse studies were conducted to evaluate 14C-glufosinate absorption, translocation, and metabolism in glufosinate-resistant corn, Goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod. Glufosinate-resistant corn plants were treated at the four-leaf stage, whereas Goosegrass, large crabgrass, and sicklepod were treated at 5, 7.5, and 10 cm, respectively. All plants were harvested at 1, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after treatment (HAT). Absorption was less than 20% at all harvest intervals for glufosinate-resistant corn, whereas absorption in Goosegrass and large crabgrass increased from approximately 20% 1 HAT to 50 and 76%, respectively, 72 HAT. Absorption of 14C-glufosinate was greater than 90% 24 HAT in sicklepod. Significant levels of translocation were observed in glufosinate-resistant corn, with 14C-glufosinate translocated to the region above the treated leaf and the roots up to 41 and 27%, respectively. No significant translocation was detected in any of the weed species at any harvest timing. Metabolit...
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glufosinate antagonizes clethodim control of Goosegrass eleusine indica
Weed Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Ian C Burke, Shawn D Askew, Jerry L Corbett, John W WilcutAbstract:Because of a previously reported antagonism of clethodim activity by other herbicides, greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine Goosegrass control with clethodim and glufosinate postemergence alone, in tank mixtures, and as sequential treatments. Herbicide treatments consisted of glufosinate at 0, 290, or 410 g ai/ha and clethodim at 0, 105, or 140 g ai/ha, each applied alone, in all possible combinations of the above application rates, or sequentially. Glufosinate at either rate alone controlled Goosegrass at the two- to four-leaf growth stage <44%, and control was less for Goosegrass at the one- to two- and four- to six-tiller growth stages. Clethodim controlled two- to four-leaf and one- to two-tiller Goosegrass 91 and 99% at application rates of 105 and 140 g/ha, respectively, and controlled four- to six-tiller Goosegrass 68 and 83% at application rates of 105 and 140 g ai/ha, respectively. All tank mixtures of glufosinate with clethodim reduced Goosegrass control at least 52 percentage poin...
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physiological basis for antagonism of clethodim by imazapic on Goosegrass eleusine indica l gaertn
Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 2003Co-Authors: Ian C Burke, John W WilcutAbstract:Abstract Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of imazapic on the herbicidal activity of clethodim on Goosegrass. Imazapic did not affect absorption of [ 14 C]clethodim by Goosegrass. Averaged across the two treatments of clethodim alone and clethodim plus imazapic, absorption was 36 and 89% of applied [ 14 C]clethodim at 0.5 and 96 h, respectively. The majority of [ 14 C]clethodim (79% of applied) was absorbed by 24 h. Translocation of 14 C was not affected by imazapic, and 3.6% of applied 14 C had translocated into the portion of the shoot below the treated leaf at 96 h after treatment. Metabolism of clethodim was not affected by the presence of imazapic. Three major metabolites of clethodim were detected in treated tissue at all harvest intervals. The majority (58%) of [ 14 C]clethodim was converted to a relative polar metabolite form 96 h after treatment, whether clethodim was applied alone or in the presence of imazapic. One day after treatment, the photosynthetic rate in plants treated with imazapic decreased below the rate in the non-treated check, and was less for 8 days, the duration of the study. These data suggest that the antagonism of clethodim by imazapic may be caused by imazapic reducing the photosynthetic rate of Goosegrass and therefore the sensitivity of ACCase to clethodim.
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cost and weed management with herbicide programs in glyphosate resistant cotton gossypium hirsutum
Weed Technology, 1999Co-Authors: Shawn D Askew, John W WilcutAbstract:Studies were conducted at Clayton, Goldsboro, and Rocky Mount, NC, to evaluate weed and cotton response to herbicide programs in glyphosate-resistant cotton. Just prior to cotton harvest, programs containing norflurazon, trifluralin, fluometuron, glyphosate, MSMA, cyanazine, and/or pyr- ithiobac in various combinations controlled common lambsquarters, common ragweed, Goosegrass, ivyleaf morningglory, and smooth pigweed at least 94%. Glyphosate-resistant cotton injury was no more than 5%. Yields for glyphosate programs differed only at Clayton, where glyphosate programs containing residual herbicides yielded more than glyphosate alone. Depending on location, programs utilizing glyphosate as needed required a minimum of two and a maximum of four applications to prevent yield loss when minimal soil-applied herbicides were used. Other as-needed programs re- quired one-three glyphosate applications, depending on location. For comparison based on applica- tion, herbicide, and adjuvant costs, the standard program of trifluralin preplant incorporated (PPI), pyrithiobac postemergence (POST), and fluometuron plus MSMA postemergence-directed (PD) was $119/ha compared with trifluralin PPI followed by (fb) two applications of glyphosate ($54/ha) or four applications of glyphosate ($94/ha). Nomenclature: Cyanazine, 2-((4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)- 1 ,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-2-methylpropane- nitrile; fluometuron, N,N-dimethyl-N'-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)urea; glyphosate, N-(phosphono- methyl)glycine; MSMA, monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid; norflurazon, 4-chloro-5-(methylam- ino)-2-(3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3(2H)-pyridazinone; pyrithiobac, 2-chloro-6-((4,6-dimethoxy-2- pyrimidinyl)thio)benzoic acid; trifluralin, 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine; common lambsquarters, Chenopodium album L. #3 CHEAL; common ragweed, Ambrosia artemisi- ifolia L. # AMBEL; Goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. # ELEIN; ivyleaf morningglory, Ipo- moea hederacea (L.) Jacq. # IPOHE; smooth pigweed, Amaranthus hybridus L. # AMACH; cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L. 'Paymaster 1330RR.' Additional index words: Herbicide-resistant crops, AMACH, AMBEL, CHEAL, ELEIN, IPOHE. Abbreviations: ANS, as-needed spray; fb, followed by; PD, POST-directed; POST, postemergence; PPI, preplant incorporated; PRE, preemergence.
Xuefeng Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differences of endogenous polyamines and putative genes associated with paraquat resistance in Goosegrass eleusine indica l
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Zhaoxia Dong, Xuefeng Shen, Yong ChenAbstract:Background Paraquat is one of the most effective herbicides used to control weeds in agricultural management, while the pernicious weed Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) has evolved resistance to herbicides, including paraquat. Polyamines provide high-level paraquat resistance in many plants. In the present study, we selected three polyamines, namely, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, as putative genes to investigate their correlation with paraquat resistance by using paraquat-resistant (R) and paraquat-susceptible (S) Goosegrass populations. Results There was no significant difference in the putrescine nor spermine content between the R and S biotypes. However, 30 and 90 min after paraquat treatment, the spermidine concentration was 346.14-fold and 421.04-fold (P < 0.001) higher in the R biotype than in the S biotype, but the spermidine concentration was drastically reduced to a marginal level after 90 min. Since the transcript level of PqE was low while the spermidine concentration showed a transient increase, the PqE gene was likely involved in the synthesis of the paraquat resistance mechanism, regulation of polyamine content, and synthesis of spermidine and spermine. PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 encode transporter proteins involved in the regulation of paraquat concentration but showed different transcription patterns with synchronous changes in polyamine content. Conclusion Endogenous polyamines (especially spermidine) play a vital role in paraquat resistance in Goosegrass. PqE, PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 were speculated on the relationship between polyamine metabolism and paraquat resistance. To validate the roles of PqE, PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 in polyamine transport systems, further research is needed.
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Transcriptome profiling to discover putative genes associated with paraquat resistance in Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.). PLoS One 2014
2016Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:Background: Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.), a serious annual weed in the world, has evolved resistance to several herbicides including paraquat, a non-selective herbicide. The mechanism of paraquat resistance in weeds is only partially understood. To further study the molecular mechanism underlying paraquat resistance in Goosegrass, we performed transcriptome analysis of susceptible and resistant biotypes of Goosegrass with or without paraquat treatment. Results: The RNA-seq libraries generated 194,716,560 valid reads with an average length of 91.29 bp. De novo assembly analysis produced 158,461 transcripts with an average length of 1153.74 bp and 100,742 unigenes with an average length of 712.79 bp. Among these, 25,926 unigenes were assigned to 65 GO terms that contained three main categories. A total of 13,809 unigenes with 1,208 enzyme commission numbers were assigned to 314 predicted KEGG metabolic pathways, and 12,719 unigenes were categorized into 25 KOG classifications. Furthermore, our results revealed that 53 genes related to reactive oxygen species scavenging, 10 genes related to polyamines and 18 genes related to transport were differentially expressed in paraquat treatment experiments. The genes related to polyamines and transport are likely potential candidate genes that could be further investigated to confirm their roles in paraquat resistance of Goosegrass. Conclusion: This is the first large-scale transcriptome sequencing of E. indica using the Illumina platform. Potential genes involved in paraquat resistance were identified from the assembled sequences. The transcriptome data may serve as
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transcriptome profiling to discover putative genes associated with paraquat resistance in Goosegrass eleusine indica l
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Jing An, Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Yong ChenAbstract:Background Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.), a serious annual weed in the world, has evolved resistance to several herbicides including paraquat, a non-selective herbicide. The mechanism of paraquat resistance in weeds is only partially understood. To further study the molecular mechanism underlying paraquat resistance in Goosegrass, we performed transcriptome analysis of susceptible and resistant biotypes of Goosegrass with or without paraquat treatment.
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Venn diagram showing the genes expressed in each of four samples of Goosegrass transcriptomes (RPKM>10).
2014Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:S0: susceptible Goosegrass seedlings without paraquat; SQ: susceptible Goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min; R0: resistant Goosegrass seedlings without paraquat; RQ: resistant Goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min.
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Summary of Goosegrass transcriptome sequencing.
2014Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:S0: susceptible Goosegrass seedlings without paraquat; SQ: susceptible Goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min; R0: resistant Goosegrass seedlings without paraquat; RQ: resistant Goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min.
James T Brosnan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Environmental effects on efficacy of herbicides for postemergence Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) control.
Scientific reports, 2020Co-Authors: Avat Shekoofa, James T Brosnan, Jose J. Vargas, Daniel P. Tuck, Matthew T. ElmoreAbstract:Experiments were conducted to understand environmental effects on efficacy of herbicides used to control Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L. Gaertn.). Herbicides were applied to Goosegrass maintained at soil moisture contents (VMC) of 20%. Herbicides included fenoxaprop-p-ethyl (140 g ha-1), topramezone (25 g ha-1), foramsulfuron (44 g ha-1), 2,4-D + dicamba + MCPP + carfentrazone (860 + 80 + 270 + 28 g ha-1), and thiencarbazone-methyl + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron-methyl (22 + 45 + 69 g ha-1). Goosegrass control increased as VMC increased. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and air temperature were manipulated to determine effects of evaporative demand on foramsulfuron. Effects of soil drying were also studied following foramsulfuron application. Reductions in transpiration rate (TR) and leaf area were greatest with foramsulfuron applications to Goosegrass in silt-loam under high evaporative demand (3 kPa VPD, 38 °C). Foramsulfuron had no effect on Goosegrass in silica-sand regardless of evaporative demand. TR dropped to 0.2 mmh-1 within eight days after application to Goosegrass in silt-loam compared to 18 days in silica-sand. Overall, foramsulfuron efficacy on Goosegrass was maximized under conditions of high soil moisture and evaporative demand, and may be reduced in sandy soils that hold less water.
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controlling dinitroaniline resistant Goosegrass eleusine indica in turfgrass
Weed Technology, 2017Co-Authors: Shane M Breeden, James T Brosnan, Jose J. Vargas, Gregory K Breeden, Gregor Eichberger, Stefan Tresch, Martin LaforestAbstract:Prodiamine is a dinitroaniline herbicide labeled for PRE control of Goosegrass in warm- and cool-season turfgrass. In 2013, several golf course roughs in Maryville, TN reported poor Goosegrass control (< 20%) following prodiamine treatment at 1,120 g ai ha-1. We harvested suspected prodiamine-resistant (PR) and prodiamine-susceptible (S) Goosegrass phenotypes from the field and exposed them to a range of increasing prodiamine concentrations in hydroponic culture. Exposure to prodiamine at 0.001mM reduced root growth of the S phenotype to 11% of the non-treated check. By comparison, exposure to 0.001mM prodiamine had minimal effect on the PR phenotype, as root growth was 94% of the non-treated check. Molecular analyses revealed that PR plants contained a threonine (Thr) to isoleucine (Ile) substitution at position 239 on the α-tubulin 1 (TUA1) protein. The substitution, found in all PR plants, is the mechanism of prodiamine resistance in this phenotype. In field studies, topramezone controlled PR goosegras...
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glyphosate resistant Goosegrass eleusine indica confirmed in tennessee
Weed Science, 2011Co-Authors: Thomas C Mueller, James T Brosnan, Kelly A Barnett, Lawrence E SteckelAbstract:Abstract Goosegrass is a problematic summer annual weed in cotton, soybean, and corn production in the southern United States. Glyphosate is labeled for POST control of Goosegrass in glyphosate-resistant (GR) cotton, soybean, and corn production. A population of Goosegrass in west Tennessee not controlled by glyphosate was examined in greenhouse and laboratory studies. At 21 days after treatment (DAT), a glyphosate-susceptible (SS) biotype was controlled > 90% with glyphosate at rates greater than 210 g ae ha−1. Comparatively, the GR biotype was only controlled 12% at 210 g ae ha−1. Using Goosegrass control data, I50 values for GR and SS biotypes were 868 and 117 g ae ha−1, susceptibility, resulting in a resistance factor (RF) of 7.4. Treatment with glyphosate at 210 g ae ha−1 reduced fresh weight biomass of the SS biotype to 5 g per pot compared to 36 g for the GR biotype. A total of 3,360 g ae ha−1 glyphosate was required to reduce fresh weights of the GR biotype to ∼5 g per pot. Using fresh and dry wei...
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efficacy of sodium chloride applications for control of Goosegrass eleusine indica in seashore paspalum turf
Weed Technology, 2009Co-Authors: James T Brosnan, Joseph Defrank, Micah Woods, Greg K. BreedenAbstract:Control of Goosegrass is difficult in the pan-Pacific region. No herbicides are currently labeled for selective control of Goosegrass in seashore paspalum turf, a species used regularly on golf courses throughout the tropics. Sequential granular applications of sodium chloride (99% sodium chloride, 1% sodium silicoaluminate, 83% 0.5 to 0.25 mm diam) at 488 kg/ha did not effectively (. 70%) control Goosegrass in this study. Goosegrass injury following sequential granular applications of sodium chloride, at 488 kg/ha, subsided at 6 wk after initial treatment (WAIT). A single application of MSMA at 2.40 kg/ha plus metribuzin at 0.56 kg/ha provided 96 and 83% control of Goosegrass 8 WAIT in 2007 and 2008, respectively. Sequential applications of MSMA plus metribuzin at lower rates yielded similar results. Applications of foramsulfuron did not effectively control (. 70%) Goosegrass in this study, suggesting a possible tolerance to this treatment. Applications of MSMA plus metribuzin controlled Goosegrass (. 70%), but induced phytotoxic injury to seashore paspalum turf. Additional research is needed to evaluate strategies for POST control of Goosegrass in seashore paspalum turf that do not induce phytotoxic turfgrass injury after application. Nomenclature: Metribuzin; MSMA; foramsulfuron; Goosegrass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ELEIN; seashore paspalum, Paspalum vaginatum Swartz. PASVA.
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metribuzin resistant Goosegrass eleusine indica in bermudagrass turf
Weed Technology, 2008Co-Authors: James T Brosnan, Roy K Nishimoto, Joseph DefrankAbstract:Abstract Applications of metribuzin plus MSMA have been used to control Goosegrass in bermudagrass turf for over 20 yr. In 2003, two Goosegrass biotypes on the island of Kauai, Hawaii were found to be resistant to applications of metribuzin plus MSMA. Metribuzin plus MSMA applied at rates of 0.28 kg ai/ha plus 2.2 kg/ha, respectively, followed by MSMA at 2.2 kg/ha 7 d later, provided 100% control of two susceptible Goosegrass biotypes, but no control of two resistant biotypes. At the flowering growth stage, metribuzin applied at a rate of 0.28 kg/ha controlled both susceptible biotypes (> 92%), but did not control the two resistant biotypes. Two applications of MSMA applied at a rate of 2.2 kg/ha (7 d apart) did not control any of the four biotypes at the flowering growth stage. The two resistant biotypes were approximately 100 to 200 times less sensitive to increasing rates of metribuzin than the two susceptible biotypes. The two biotypes that were resistant to metribuzin plus MSMA were also resistant to...
Chaoxian Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selection of relatively exact reference genes for gene expression studies in Goosegrass eleusine indica under herbicide stress
Scientific Reports, 2017Co-Authors: Jingchao Chen, Zhaofeng Huang, Cuilan Jiang, Hongjuan Huang, Jie Zhang, Chaoxian ZhangAbstract:Goosegrass (Eleusine indica) is one of the most serious annual grassy weeds worldwide, and its evolved herbicide-resistant populations are more difficult to control. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a common technique for investigating the resistance mechanism; however, there is as yet no report on the systematic selection of stable reference genes for Goosegrass. This study proposed to test the expression stability of 9 candidate reference genes in Goosegrass in different tissues and developmental stages and under stress from three types of herbicide. The results show that for different developmental stages and organs (control), eukaryotic initiation factor 4 A (eIF-4) is the most stable reference gene. Chloroplast acetolactate synthase (ALS) is the most stable reference gene under glyphosate stress. Under glufosinate stress, eIF-4 is the best reference gene. Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (UCE) is the most stable reference gene under quizalofop-p-ethyl stress. The gene eIF-4 is the recommended reference gene for Goosegrass under the stress of all three herbicides. Moreover, pairwise analysis showed that seven reference genes were sufficient to normalize the gene expression data under three herbicides treatment. This study provides a list of reliable reference genes for transcript normalization in Goosegrass, which will facilitate resistance mechanism studies in this weed species.
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investigating the mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in Goosegrass eleusine indica l gaertn by rna sequencing technology
Plant Journal, 2017Co-Authors: Jingchao Chen, Chaoxian Zhang, Zhaofeng Huang, Hongjuan Huang, Xu WangAbstract:Summary Glyphosate is an important non-selective herbicide that is in common use worldwide. However, evolved glyphosate-resistant (GR) weeds significantly affect crop yields. Unfortunately, the mechanisms underlying resistance in GR weeds, such as Goosegrass (Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn.), an annual weed found worldwide, have not been fully elucidated. In this study, transcriptome analysis was conducted to further assess the potential mechanisms of glyphosate resistance in Goosegrass. The RNA sequencing libraries generated 24 597 462 clean reads. De novo assembly analysis produced 48 852 UniGenes with an average length of 847 bp. All UniGenes were annotated using seven databases. Sixteen candidate differentially expressed genes selected by digital gene expression analysis were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Among these UniGenes, the EPSPS and PFK genes were constitutively up-regulated in resistant (R) individuals and showed a higher copy number than that in susceptible (S) individuals. The expressions of four UniGenes relevant to photosynthesis were inhibited by glyphosate in S individuals, and this toxic response was confirmed by gas exchange analysis. Two UniGenes annotated as glutathione transferase (GST) were constitutively up-regulated in R individuals, and were induced by glyphosate both in R and S. In addition, the GST activities in R individuals were higher than in S. Our research confirmed that two UniGenes (PFK, EPSPS) were strongly associated with target resistance, and two GST-annotated UniGenes may play a role in metabolic glyphosate resistance in Goosegrass.
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characterization of glyphosate resistant Goosegrass eleusine indica populations in china
Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 2015Co-Authors: Jingchao Chen, Chaoxian Zhang, Hongjuan Huang, Zhaofeng HuangAbstract:Abstract Goosegrass is a worst grass weed in orchards and turf. The increased use of glyphosate for Goosegrass control has led to the occurrence of many resistant populations. Although glyphosate has been used to control weeds for the past 30 years in China, few reports are available on glyphosate-resistant (GR) googegrass. In this study, we determined the GR level of 14 Goosegrass populations from Chengdu and Guangzhou, China. Glyphosate only controlled 3.1 and 25.0% of the populations SL5 and SL1, respectively, at the dose of 1 680 g acid equivalent (ae) ha −1 at 14 days after treatment (DAT). In contrast, the susceptible population (XD1) was completely (100%) controlled. The resistant index (RI) of SL5 and SL1 were 5.1 and 4.5, and the RI for SL2, SL3 and ZC1 were 4.2, 3.2 and 2.6, respectively. The RI for other populations was range from 1.8 to 2.5. Under the dose of glyphosate at 1 640 g ae ha −1 at 10 DAT, shikimate accumulation in susceptible population XD1 was 17.6 and 16.4 times higher than SL5 and SL1, respectively. And the chlorophyll content in the plant leaf of populations SL1, SL2 and SL5 were decreased slightly ranging from 22.6 to 28.0. These results confirmed that the SL1, SL2, SL3, ZC1 and SL5 populations had evolved moderate resistance to glyphosate. This is the first report for the GR Goosegrass populations confirmed in Chengdu, China.
