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Yong Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differences of endogenous polyamines and putative genes associated with Paraquat resistance in goosegrass eleusine indica l
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Zhaoxia Dong, Xuefeng Shen, Yong ChenAbstract:Background Paraquat is one of the most effective herbicides used to control weeds in agricultural management, while the pernicious weed goosegrass (Eleusine indica) has evolved resistance to herbicides, including Paraquat. Polyamines provide high-level Paraquat resistance in many plants. In the present study, we selected three polyamines, namely, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, as putative genes to investigate their correlation with Paraquat resistance by using Paraquat-resistant (R) and Paraquat-susceptible (S) goosegrass populations. Results There was no significant difference in the putrescine nor spermine content between the R and S biotypes. However, 30 and 90 min after Paraquat treatment, the spermidine concentration was 346.14-fold and 421.04-fold (P < 0.001) higher in the R biotype than in the S biotype, but the spermidine concentration was drastically reduced to a marginal level after 90 min. Since the transcript level of PqE was low while the spermidine concentration showed a transient increase, the PqE gene was likely involved in the synthesis of the Paraquat resistance mechanism, regulation of polyamine content, and synthesis of spermidine and spermine. PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 encode transporter proteins involved in the regulation of Paraquat concentration but showed different transcription patterns with synchronous changes in polyamine content. Conclusion Endogenous polyamines (especially spermidine) play a vital role in Paraquat resistance in goosegrass. PqE, PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 were speculated on the relationship between polyamine metabolism and Paraquat resistance. To validate the roles of PqE, PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 in polyamine transport systems, further research is needed.
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transcriptome profiling to discover putative genes associated with Paraquat resistance in goosegrass eleusine indica l
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Jing An, Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Yong ChenAbstract:Background Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.), a serious annual weed in the world, has evolved resistance to several herbicides including Paraquat, a non-selective herbicide. The mechanism of Paraquat resistance in weeds is only partially understood. To further study the molecular mechanism underlying Paraquat resistance in goosegrass, we performed transcriptome analysis of susceptible and resistant biotypes of goosegrass with or without Paraquat treatment.
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Venn diagram showing the genes expressed in each of four samples of goosegrass transcriptomes (RPKM>10).
2014Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:S0: susceptible goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; SQ: susceptible goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min; R0: resistant goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; RQ: resistant goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min.
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Summary of goosegrass transcriptome sequencing.
2014Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:S0: susceptible goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; SQ: susceptible goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min; R0: resistant goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; RQ: resistant goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min.
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Scatter plot analysis of four sample pairs (S0 vs SQ, R0 vs RQ, R0 vs S0 and RQ vs SQ) from goosegrass.
2014Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:DEGs were determined using a threshold of log2 Ratio ≥1 and FDR≤0.001. S0: susceptible goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; SQ: susceptible goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min; R0: resistant goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; RQ: resistant goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min. Red spots represent up-regulated DEGs and green spots indicate down-regulated DEGs. Those shown in blue are Transcripts that did not show obvious changes.
Dehong Tan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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betanin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in kidney of Paraquat treated rat
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: Dehong Tan, Xuelian Yang, Yiheng Wang, Bing Bai, Junyan HanAbstract:Abstact The effects of natural pigment betanin on oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney of Paraquat-treated rat were investigated. Paraquat was injected intraperitoneally into rats to induce renal damage. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a Paraquat group, and two Paraquat groups that were treated with betanin at 25 and 100 mg/kg/d three days before and two days after Paraquat administration. Treatment with betanin alleviated the Paraquat-incurred acute kidney injury, evidenced by histological improvement, reduced serum and urine markers for kidney injury. Betanin antagonized the Paraquat-induced inflammation, indicated by reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase, blunted activation of nuclear factor kappa B, and diminished lysosomal protease activities. Betanin also decreased oxidative stress elicited by Paraquat. In conclusion, betanin may have a protective effect against Paraquat-induced acute kidney damage. The mechanisms of the protection appear to be the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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betanin attenuates Paraquat induced liver toxicity through a mitochondrial pathway
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014Co-Authors: Junyan Han, Zongju Zhang, Shaobin Yang, Jun Wang, Xuelian Yang, Dehong TanAbstract:Abstract We attempted to determine whether betanin (from natural pigments) that has anti-oxidant properties would be protective against Paraquat-induced liver injury in Sprague–Dawley rats. Paraquat was injected intraperitoneally into rats to induce liver toxicity. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a Paraquat group, and two groups that received betanin at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg/day three days before and two days after they were administered Paraquat. We evaluated liver histopathology, serum liver enzymatic activities, oxidative stress, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A2 mRNA expression, and mitochondrial damage. The rats that were injected with Paraquat incurred liver injury, evidenced by histological changes and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels; Paraquat also led to oxidative stress, an increase of cytochrome P450 3A2 mRNA expression, and mitochondrial damage, indicated by mitochondrial membrane swelling, reduced mitochondrial cytochrome C, and apoptosis-inducing factor protein levels. Pathological damage and all of the above mentioned markers were lesser in the animals treated with betanin than in those who received Paraquat alone. Betanin had a protective effect against Paraquat-induced liver damage in rats. The mechanism of the protection appears to be the inhibition of CYP 3A2 expression and protection of mitochondria.
Junyan Han - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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betanin attenuates oxidative stress and inflammatory reaction in kidney of Paraquat treated rat
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2015Co-Authors: Dehong Tan, Xuelian Yang, Yiheng Wang, Bing Bai, Junyan HanAbstract:Abstact The effects of natural pigment betanin on oxidative stress and inflammation in kidney of Paraquat-treated rat were investigated. Paraquat was injected intraperitoneally into rats to induce renal damage. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a Paraquat group, and two Paraquat groups that were treated with betanin at 25 and 100 mg/kg/d three days before and two days after Paraquat administration. Treatment with betanin alleviated the Paraquat-incurred acute kidney injury, evidenced by histological improvement, reduced serum and urine markers for kidney injury. Betanin antagonized the Paraquat-induced inflammation, indicated by reduced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase, blunted activation of nuclear factor kappa B, and diminished lysosomal protease activities. Betanin also decreased oxidative stress elicited by Paraquat. In conclusion, betanin may have a protective effect against Paraquat-induced acute kidney damage. The mechanisms of the protection appear to be the inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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betanin attenuates Paraquat induced liver toxicity through a mitochondrial pathway
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2014Co-Authors: Junyan Han, Zongju Zhang, Shaobin Yang, Jun Wang, Xuelian Yang, Dehong TanAbstract:Abstract We attempted to determine whether betanin (from natural pigments) that has anti-oxidant properties would be protective against Paraquat-induced liver injury in Sprague–Dawley rats. Paraquat was injected intraperitoneally into rats to induce liver toxicity. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a Paraquat group, and two groups that received betanin at doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg/day three days before and two days after they were administered Paraquat. We evaluated liver histopathology, serum liver enzymatic activities, oxidative stress, cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A2 mRNA expression, and mitochondrial damage. The rats that were injected with Paraquat incurred liver injury, evidenced by histological changes and elevated serum aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels; Paraquat also led to oxidative stress, an increase of cytochrome P450 3A2 mRNA expression, and mitochondrial damage, indicated by mitochondrial membrane swelling, reduced mitochondrial cytochrome C, and apoptosis-inducing factor protein levels. Pathological damage and all of the above mentioned markers were lesser in the animals treated with betanin than in those who received Paraquat alone. Betanin had a protective effect against Paraquat-induced liver damage in rats. The mechanism of the protection appears to be the inhibition of CYP 3A2 expression and protection of mitochondria.
Xuefeng Shen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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differences of endogenous polyamines and putative genes associated with Paraquat resistance in goosegrass eleusine indica l
PLOS ONE, 2019Co-Authors: Zhaoxia Dong, Xuefeng Shen, Yong ChenAbstract:Background Paraquat is one of the most effective herbicides used to control weeds in agricultural management, while the pernicious weed goosegrass (Eleusine indica) has evolved resistance to herbicides, including Paraquat. Polyamines provide high-level Paraquat resistance in many plants. In the present study, we selected three polyamines, namely, putrescine, spermidine, and spermine, as putative genes to investigate their correlation with Paraquat resistance by using Paraquat-resistant (R) and Paraquat-susceptible (S) goosegrass populations. Results There was no significant difference in the putrescine nor spermine content between the R and S biotypes. However, 30 and 90 min after Paraquat treatment, the spermidine concentration was 346.14-fold and 421.04-fold (P < 0.001) higher in the R biotype than in the S biotype, but the spermidine concentration was drastically reduced to a marginal level after 90 min. Since the transcript level of PqE was low while the spermidine concentration showed a transient increase, the PqE gene was likely involved in the synthesis of the Paraquat resistance mechanism, regulation of polyamine content, and synthesis of spermidine and spermine. PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 encode transporter proteins involved in the regulation of Paraquat concentration but showed different transcription patterns with synchronous changes in polyamine content. Conclusion Endogenous polyamines (especially spermidine) play a vital role in Paraquat resistance in goosegrass. PqE, PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 were speculated on the relationship between polyamine metabolism and Paraquat resistance. To validate the roles of PqE, PqTS1, PqTS2, and PqTS3 in polyamine transport systems, further research is needed.
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transcriptome profiling to discover putative genes associated with Paraquat resistance in goosegrass eleusine indica l
PLOS ONE, 2014Co-Authors: Jing An, Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Yong ChenAbstract:Background Goosegrass (Eleusine indica L.), a serious annual weed in the world, has evolved resistance to several herbicides including Paraquat, a non-selective herbicide. The mechanism of Paraquat resistance in weeds is only partially understood. To further study the molecular mechanism underlying Paraquat resistance in goosegrass, we performed transcriptome analysis of susceptible and resistant biotypes of goosegrass with or without Paraquat treatment.
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Venn diagram showing the genes expressed in each of four samples of goosegrass transcriptomes (RPKM>10).
2014Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:S0: susceptible goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; SQ: susceptible goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min; R0: resistant goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; RQ: resistant goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min.
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Summary of goosegrass transcriptome sequencing.
2014Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:S0: susceptible goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; SQ: susceptible goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min; R0: resistant goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; RQ: resistant goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min.
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Scatter plot analysis of four sample pairs (S0 vs SQ, R0 vs RQ, R0 vs S0 and RQ vs SQ) from goosegrass.
2014Co-Authors: Xuefeng Shen, Cunyi Yang, Simin Liu, Yong ChenAbstract:DEGs were determined using a threshold of log2 Ratio ≥1 and FDR≤0.001. S0: susceptible goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; SQ: susceptible goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min; R0: resistant goosegrass seedlings without Paraquat; RQ: resistant goosegrass seedlings for mixed samples sprayed Paraquat 40 min, 60 min and 80 min. Red spots represent up-regulated DEGs and green spots indicate down-regulated DEGs. Those shown in blue are Transcripts that did not show obvious changes.
Harry W Gibson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pseudocryptand Hosts for Paraquats and Diquats
2017Co-Authors: Jason W. Jones, Feihe Huang, Carla Slebodnick, Terry L. Price, Lev Zakharov, Arnold L. Rheingold, Harry W GibsonAbstract:H-bonding interaction of acidic moieties (CH2OH, COOH) at the 5- and 5′-positions of bis(1,3-phenylene)-32-crown-10 (1) with di- or tritopic anions leads to enhanced formation of inclusion complexes with N,N′-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium salts (“Paraquats”, 2); the enforced folding of the crown ethers into pseudocryptands thus leads to pseudo-pseudorotaxanes. Strikingly, in the presence of the most effective anion (trifluoroacetate, TFA), the apparent bimolecular association constants for crown–Paraquat complexation increase by more than an order of magnitude and approach those for covalent cryptands derived from the crown ether. Even though they may form pseudocryptands, the picolinate, nicotinate, and isonicotinate diesters 6 of cis-(4,4’)-bis(hydroxymethyl)dibenzo-30-crown-10 do not exhibit enhanced binding of either diquat or Paraquat relative to the starting diol in contrast to the picolinate ester of isomeric 5,5′-bis(hydroxymethyl)bis(m-phenylene)-32-crown-10, which displayed a higher binding constant than the starting diol. The results for the analogous reverse esters 7 derived from cis-(4,4’)-dicarboxydibenzo-30-crown-10 and pyridylmethanols reveal weaker complexes with diquat than the normal esters 6; however, surprisingly, two reverse esters 7 complex Paraquat more strongly than isomers 6
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high yielding regiospecific synthesis of cis 4 4 di carbomethoxybenzo 30 crown 10 its conversion to a pyridyl cryptand and strong complexation of 2 2 and 4 4 bipyridinium derivatives
Journal of Organic Chemistry, 2008Co-Authors: Adam M P Pederson, Carla Slebodnick, Elizabeth M Ward, Daniel V Schoonover, Harry W GibsonAbstract:A high yielding (93%), regiospecific synthesis of cis(4,4′)-di(carbomethoxybenzo)-30-crown-10 (1c) is reported. The derived crown ether diol 1d was converted to pyridyl cryptand 12 in 44% yield by reaction with pyridine-2,6-dicarbonyl chloride. Binding of two different 4,4′-bipyridinium (Paraquat) species (3) and 2,2′-bipyridinium (diquat) 4 by 12 was explored via 1H NMR spectroscopy, NOE experiments, mass spectrometry, X-ray crystallographic analyses, and isothermal titration calorimetry. Cryptand 12 exhibits the highest association constant for diquat ever reported (Ka = 1.9 × 106 M−1) and very high association constants for Paraquats (Ka > 105 M−1) in acetone at 22 °C. The binding constant of diquat 4 by cryptand 12 is nearly 6-times higher than any other reported host.
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ion pairing in fast exchange host guest systems concentration dependence of apparent association constants for complexes of neutral hosts and divalent guest salts with monovalent counterions
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2003Co-Authors: Feihe Huang, Jason W Jones, Carla Slebodnick, Harry W GibsonAbstract:An equilibrium treatment of complexation of neutral hosts with dicationic guests having univalent counterions includes two possible modes: (1) dissociation of the ion pair prior to interaction of the free dication with the host to produce a complex that is not ion paired and (2) direct complexation of the ion pair to produce an ion paired complex. This treatment is easily modified for complexation of neutral guests by dianionic hosts, or divalent hosts by neutral guests. The treatment was tested by a study of fast-exchange host−guest systems based on Paraquats or viologens (G2+2X-) and crown ethers (H). The bis(hexafluorophosphate) salts of viologens are predominantly ion paired in acetone; the value of the dissociation constant of Paraquat bis(hexafluorophosphate) was determined to be 4.64 (± 1.86) × 10-4 M2. The complex based on dibenzo-24-crown-8 and Paraquat bis(hexafluorophosphate) is not ion paired in solution, resulting in concentration dependence of the apparent association constant Ka,exp, (= [c...
