The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Todd J Zywicki - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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consumer use and Government Regulation of title pledge lending
Social Science Research Network, 2010Co-Authors: Todd J ZywickiAbstract:Recent years have seen growth in the use of certain types of nontraditional lending products, such as payday lending and auto title lending, and a relative decline of others, such as finance companies and pawnbrokers. Congress is currently considering major new Regulations on short-term lending products, such as title lending, that could produce their demise - even though there is no evidence that such products were related in any way to the financial crisis. This study examines the question of who uses title pledge lending and why. The results are surprising. I find that title pledge lending is used predominantly by three distinct subgroups of borrowers: First, moderate-income borrowers with impaired credit who are excluded from superior credit products such as credit cards and who use title pledge lending in preference to payday loans (the next-closest alternative). Second, unbanked consumers, often immigrants, who are unable to access other credit products (especially payday loans) because access to more mainstream credit products requires having a bank account. Third, independent small businesses such as those who run a landscaping or handyman business who use title pledge loans as a source of working capital. Each of these three groups of borrowers use title loans for very different purposes and raise very different questions as a matter of regulatory policy. Yet current regulatory policy, and proposed new Regulations by Congress, treat them all with a one-size-fits-all form of Regulation. Ill-fitting one-size-fits-all Regulation of title pledge lending could have severe negative consequences for consumers. By making this particular form of credit less available or more expensive, poorly conceived Regulation could force many borrowers to greater use of less preferred types of credit, such as payday loans or pawnshops, greater use of products that are inappropriate for their situation, such as credit cards, or even increased use of illegal loan sharks. Greater Regulation may also interfere with the simple pricing structure of title pledge loans, which is one major appeal of the product to many customers. Finally, by drying up an important source of short-term working capital for small, independent businesses, Regulation could stifle entrepreneurship and economic recovery.
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consumer use and Government Regulation of title pledge lending
Loyola Consumer Law Review, 2010Co-Authors: Todd J ZywickiAbstract:ecent years have seen growth in the use of certain types of nontraditional lending products, such as payday lending and auto title lending, and the relative decline of others, such as finance companies and pawnbrokers. Despite the fact that much of the growth in the use of these products is simply a substitution of some types of high-cost lending to others, the onset of the financial crisis has spurred renewed scrutiny of nontraditional lending products, even though there is no suggestion – much less evidence – that those products contributed to the crisis, and indeed, may be playing a positive role in mitigating the fallout from the crisis. Congress is currently considering major new Regulations on short-term lending products, such as title lending, that could produce their demise even though there is no evidence that such products were related in any way to the financial crisis. The loss of this important source of credit for many Americans, especially unbanked consumers and independent small businesses, would create hardship for many Americans who rely on auto title lending to meet urgent short-term expenses for utilities, housing and home repairs, and business expenses. This negative effect would be especially painful in light of the continuing problems in credit markets that have reduced access to traditional types of credit for consumers and small businesses, such as credit cards and home equity lines of credit. Credit card issuers are reducing availability, slashing credit lines, and raising interest rates and fees, leading a growing number of consumers to turn to alternative products to address short-term credit needs. Small
Xin Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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land use policy as an instrument of rural resilience the case of land withdrawal mechanism for rural homesteads in china
Ecological Indicators, 2018Co-Authors: Xianjin Huang, Xiaoling Zhang, Xin ZhangAbstract:Abstract Resilience has emerged as an attractive conceptual approach for theorizing rural development in terms of highly complex, vulnerable and adaptive systems. In China, land use policies have evidently influenced rural resilience. We conduct a co-citation analysis, especially the visualization of co-citation networks and research clusters, using CiteSpace 4.0.R5. Based on the analysis and literature review, we develop an assessment index system comprising four types of resilience – engineering, ecological, economic and social – to evaluate the changes in rural resilience resulting from a policy to develop a withdrawal mechanism for rural homesteads (WMRH). Our findings indicate that rural resilience in Guangzhou, Chongqing and Wuxi, selected as the study areas, increased by 123%, 61% and 88% respectively after the implementation of the policy. The main causes of these variations in changes in rural resilience are attributed to the diverse economic development modes in the different regions, as well as differing degrees of land market development and Government Regulation. Overall, the implementation of a WMRH, accompanied by a strong market and Government Regulation, is found to be optimal for enhancing rural resilience. We conclude that improving rural resilience involves appropriate Government Regulations as well as simply paying attention to the effects of the market on the optimal allocation of resources.
Xianjin Huang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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land use policy as an instrument of rural resilience the case of land withdrawal mechanism for rural homesteads in china
Ecological Indicators, 2018Co-Authors: Xianjin Huang, Xiaoling Zhang, Xin ZhangAbstract:Abstract Resilience has emerged as an attractive conceptual approach for theorizing rural development in terms of highly complex, vulnerable and adaptive systems. In China, land use policies have evidently influenced rural resilience. We conduct a co-citation analysis, especially the visualization of co-citation networks and research clusters, using CiteSpace 4.0.R5. Based on the analysis and literature review, we develop an assessment index system comprising four types of resilience – engineering, ecological, economic and social – to evaluate the changes in rural resilience resulting from a policy to develop a withdrawal mechanism for rural homesteads (WMRH). Our findings indicate that rural resilience in Guangzhou, Chongqing and Wuxi, selected as the study areas, increased by 123%, 61% and 88% respectively after the implementation of the policy. The main causes of these variations in changes in rural resilience are attributed to the diverse economic development modes in the different regions, as well as differing degrees of land market development and Government Regulation. Overall, the implementation of a WMRH, accompanied by a strong market and Government Regulation, is found to be optimal for enhancing rural resilience. We conclude that improving rural resilience involves appropriate Government Regulations as well as simply paying attention to the effects of the market on the optimal allocation of resources.
Zofia Lukszo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Business innovation and Government Regulation for the promotion of electric vehicle use: lessons from Shenzhen, China
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2016Co-Authors: Ying Li, Changjie Zhan, Martin De Jong, Zofia LukszoAbstract:The deployment of electric vehicles has attracted growing attention and is now seen as a possible pathway for a transition towards sustainable transportation. This paper provides insight into the commercialization of electric vehicles in Shenzhen focusing on business innovation and the regulatory context in which it occurs. Using the business model canvas framework, this paper analyzes interactions between enterprises and Governments along the value chain of electric vehicles in the bus and taxi fleets. It also discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the Shenzhen model both in business innovation and Government Regulation for promoting electric vehicle use. This paper finds that Shenzhen has succeeded in fostering a distinct Government-enterprise cooperation model that not only reduces the financial pressure on the local Government to promote electric vehicle use, but also gives enterprises significant leeway to experiment with various innovative business models. The joint result of these efforts is that the commercialization of electric vehicles has become feasible for delivering the public transport service (buses and taxis) in Shenzhen. Still, this paper argues that the current model of Shenzhen can be further enhanced by: 1) encouraging private investment in charging infrastructures by means of public–private-partnerships; and 2) standardizing electric-vehicle technologies and production to break down the local protectionism in the electric vehicle market. The Shenzhen model acts as a source of inspiration by pointing out the significance of integrating business innovations and Government Regulations to facilitate the deployment of electric vehicles, which provides practical lessons for industrial players and policy makers in other cities. Furthermore, this work offers theoretical references regarding the application of the multi-actor perspective and the business model canvas framework to analyze the actors and interactions along the value chain of innovative technologies.
Mingxing Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the Government Regulation and market behavior of the new energy automotive industry
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019Co-Authors: Dongxiao Yang, Linshu Qiu, Jianjun Yan, Ziyue Chen, Mingxing JiangAbstract:Abstract Environmental issues and cleaner production are getting increasing attentions currently, making the clean production and sustainable consumption with low emissions significant. Traditional energy vehicles are increasingly unsuitable for the development of current society. It's a trend in the current vehicle market to accelerate the substitution of new energy vehicles for traditional energy vehicles. This paper makes a theoretical study on the development of new energy vehicle market supported by the Government. First, this paper establishes a Cournot duopoly model which includes domestic and imported new energy vehicle manufacturers. Through the analysis of this model, this paper argues that Government support policies such as subsidies and tariffs can effectively expand the market share of domestic new energy vehicles with less technology. Yet this approach is unsustainable, because domestic new energy vehicles with less technology can only survive in the market by shortening the gap with imported brands. Secondly, this paper establishes a Stackelberg model with product price as the decision variable and find that when there is a technical gap, the first mover advantage in the market will no longer exist. Finally, this paper compares two kinds of subsidies for domestic new energy vehicles and shows that the two subsidies are not different from subsidizing consumers or enterprises in expanding market share, and the consumer can obtain higher social welfare level as the subsidy object.
