The Experts below are selected from a list of 312 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
G. H. Walter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Behaviour in the presence of resource excess—flight of Tribolium castaneum around heavily-infested Grain Storage Facilities
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: M. A. Rafter, V. Muralitharan, S. Chandrasekaran, S. Mohankumar, G. J. Daglish, M. Loganathan, G. H. WalterAbstract:The flight of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in leaving infestations and establishing new infestations, independent of human mediation, has received little experimental attention. This study focuses on the patterns of flight of T. castaneum beetles in the nearby vicinity of an environment that provides all requirements—that is, an environment from which the beetles are not likely to be driven by density-related pressures. Four separate sampling strategies were implemented, with each one focused on particular sites in and around Storage structures (godowns) in southern India. Additional beetles were sampled from each focus area of a Storage facility at dusk to ascertain the allelic frequencies of resident and flying beetles at the rph 2 gene which is partially responsible for resistance to the fumigant phosphine (PH_3). Results show that T. castaneum beetles clearly have a crepuscular flight pattern, with most flight occurring at dusk. Movement into and out of the Facilities sampled evidently balanced one another, indicating that those beetles that initiated flight must eventually have returned to the same resource. Most beetles sampled from the bag stack surface during this crepuscular flight period were homozygous phosphine resistant at the rph 2 locus (83.3%, n = 30). Conversely, most beetles caught in flight during the same period had at least one phosphine susceptible allele (86.7% above the back stack, 63.3% outside the godown n = 30 at each site). Explanations for the patterns observed are discussed, including resource abundance overriding dispersal flight, and the possible pleiotropic effects on flight propensity of phosphine resistance.
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behaviour in the presence of resource excess flight of tribolium castaneum around heavily infested Grain Storage Facilities
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: M. A. Rafter, V. Muralitharan, S. Chandrasekaran, S. Mohankumar, G. J. Daglish, M. Loganathan, G. H. WalterAbstract:The flight of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in leaving infestations and establishing new infestations, independent of human mediation, has received little experimental attention. This study focuses on the patterns of flight of T. castaneum beetles in the nearby vicinity of an environment that provides all requirements—that is, an environment from which the beetles are not likely to be driven by density-related pressures. Four separate sampling strategies were implemented, with each one focused on particular sites in and around Storage structures (godowns) in southern India. Additional beetles were sampled from each focus area of a Storage facility at dusk to ascertain the allelic frequencies of resident and flying beetles at the rph2 gene which is partially responsible for resistance to the fumigant phosphine (PH3). Results show that T. castaneum beetles clearly have a crepuscular flight pattern, with most flight occurring at dusk. Movement into and out of the Facilities sampled evidently balanced one another, indicating that those beetles that initiated flight must eventually have returned to the same resource. Most beetles sampled from the bag stack surface during this crepuscular flight period were homozygous phosphine resistant at the rph2 locus (83.3%, n = 30). Conversely, most beetles caught in flight during the same period had at least one phosphine susceptible allele (86.7% above the back stack, 63.3% outside the godown n = 30 at each site). Explanations for the patterns observed are discussed, including resource abundance overriding dispersal flight, and the possible pleiotropic effects on flight propensity of phosphine resistance.
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Response of Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica to various resources, near and far from Grain Storage
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Faheem Ahmad, G. J. Daglish, A. W. Ridley, P. R. Burrill, G. H. WalterAbstract:Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) are common cosmopolitan pests of stored Grain and Grain products. We evaluated the relative attraction of T.castaneum and R.dominica to wheat, sorghum and cotton seeds in the field, near Grain Storage Facilities and well away from Storages in southern and central Queensland using multiple trapping techniques. The results show that T.castaneum is more strongly attracted to linted cotton seed relative to wheat, whereas R.dominica did not respond to cotton seed at all and was attracted only to wheat. Significantly more adults of T.castaneum (10-15 times) were attracted to traps placed on the ground, near Grain Storage, than to equivalent traps that were suspended (1.5m above the ground) nearby. These results suggest that Tribolium beetles detect and respond to resources towards the end of their dispersal flight, after which they localize resources while walking. By contrast R.dominica was captured only in suspended traps, which suggests they fly directly onto resources as they localize them. The ability of both species to colonize and reproduce in isolated resource patches within the relatively short time of 1month is illustrated by the returns from the traps deployed in the field (at least 1km from the nearest stored Grain) even though they caught only a few beetles. The results presented here provide novel insights about the resource location behaviours of both T.castaneum and R.dominica. In particular, the relationship of T.castaneum with non-cereal resources that are not conventionally associated with this species suggests an emphasis on these other resources in investigating the resource location behaviour of these beetles. This new perspective on the ecology of T. castaneum highlights the potential role of non-cereal resources (such as the lint on cotton seed) in the spread of Grain pest infestations.
M. A. Rafter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Behaviour in the presence of resource excess—flight of Tribolium castaneum around heavily-infested Grain Storage Facilities
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: M. A. Rafter, V. Muralitharan, S. Chandrasekaran, S. Mohankumar, G. J. Daglish, M. Loganathan, G. H. WalterAbstract:The flight of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in leaving infestations and establishing new infestations, independent of human mediation, has received little experimental attention. This study focuses on the patterns of flight of T. castaneum beetles in the nearby vicinity of an environment that provides all requirements—that is, an environment from which the beetles are not likely to be driven by density-related pressures. Four separate sampling strategies were implemented, with each one focused on particular sites in and around Storage structures (godowns) in southern India. Additional beetles were sampled from each focus area of a Storage facility at dusk to ascertain the allelic frequencies of resident and flying beetles at the rph 2 gene which is partially responsible for resistance to the fumigant phosphine (PH_3). Results show that T. castaneum beetles clearly have a crepuscular flight pattern, with most flight occurring at dusk. Movement into and out of the Facilities sampled evidently balanced one another, indicating that those beetles that initiated flight must eventually have returned to the same resource. Most beetles sampled from the bag stack surface during this crepuscular flight period were homozygous phosphine resistant at the rph 2 locus (83.3%, n = 30). Conversely, most beetles caught in flight during the same period had at least one phosphine susceptible allele (86.7% above the back stack, 63.3% outside the godown n = 30 at each site). Explanations for the patterns observed are discussed, including resource abundance overriding dispersal flight, and the possible pleiotropic effects on flight propensity of phosphine resistance.
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behaviour in the presence of resource excess flight of tribolium castaneum around heavily infested Grain Storage Facilities
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: M. A. Rafter, V. Muralitharan, S. Chandrasekaran, S. Mohankumar, G. J. Daglish, M. Loganathan, G. H. WalterAbstract:The flight of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in leaving infestations and establishing new infestations, independent of human mediation, has received little experimental attention. This study focuses on the patterns of flight of T. castaneum beetles in the nearby vicinity of an environment that provides all requirements—that is, an environment from which the beetles are not likely to be driven by density-related pressures. Four separate sampling strategies were implemented, with each one focused on particular sites in and around Storage structures (godowns) in southern India. Additional beetles were sampled from each focus area of a Storage facility at dusk to ascertain the allelic frequencies of resident and flying beetles at the rph2 gene which is partially responsible for resistance to the fumigant phosphine (PH3). Results show that T. castaneum beetles clearly have a crepuscular flight pattern, with most flight occurring at dusk. Movement into and out of the Facilities sampled evidently balanced one another, indicating that those beetles that initiated flight must eventually have returned to the same resource. Most beetles sampled from the bag stack surface during this crepuscular flight period were homozygous phosphine resistant at the rph2 locus (83.3%, n = 30). Conversely, most beetles caught in flight during the same period had at least one phosphine susceptible allele (86.7% above the back stack, 63.3% outside the godown n = 30 at each site). Explanations for the patterns observed are discussed, including resource abundance overriding dispersal flight, and the possible pleiotropic effects on flight propensity of phosphine resistance.
L. M. Lafreniere - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Final work plan : environmental site investigation at Sylvan Grove, Kansas.
2012Co-Authors: L. M. LafreniereAbstract:In 1998, carbon tetrachloride was found above the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 5 {micro}g/L in groundwater from one private livestock well at Sylvan Grove, Kansas, by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE). The 1998 KDHE sampling was conducted under the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) private well sampling program. The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), a USDA agency, operated a Grain Storage facility in Sylvan Grove from 1954 to1966. Carbon tetrachloride is the contaminant of primary concern at sites associated with former CCC/USDA Grain Storage operations. Sylvan Grove is located in western Lincoln County, approximately 60 mi west of Salina (Figure 1.1). To determine whether the former CCC/USDA facility at Sylvan Grove is a potential contaminant source and its possible relationship to the contamination in groundwater, the CCC/USDA has agreed to conduct an investigation, in accordance with the Intergovernmental Agreement between the KDHE and the Farm Service Agency (FSA) of the USDA. This Work Plan presents historical data related to previous investigations, Grain Storage operations, local private wells and public water supply (PWS) wells, and local geologic and hydrogeologic conditions at Sylvan Grove. The findings from a review of all available documents are discussed in Section 2. On the basis of the analyses of historical data, the following specific technical objectives are proposed for the site investigation at Sylvan Grove: (1) Evaluate the potential source of carbon tetrachloride at the former CCC/USDA facility; (2) Determine the relationship of potential contamination (if present) at the former CCC/USDA facility to contamination identified in 1998 in groundwater samples from one private well to the west; and (3) Delineate the extent of potential contamination associated with the former CCC/USDA facility. The detailed scope of work is outlined in Section 3. The results of the proposed work will provide the basis for determining what future CCC/USDA actions may be necessary, with the ultimate goal of achieving classification of the Sylvan Grove site at no further action status. The proposed activities are to be performed on behalf of the CCC/USDA by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory, a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by the UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy. Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA concerning environmental site characterization and remediation at former Grain Storage Facilities. Argonne issued a Master Work Plan (Argonne 2002) that has been approved by the KDHE. The Master Work Plan describes the general scope of all investigations at former CCC/USDA Facilities in Kansas and provides guidance for these investigations. That document should be consulted for the complete details of plans for work associated with the former CCC/USDA facility at Sylvan Grove.
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Annual report of monitoring at Morrill, Kansas, in 2010.
2011Co-Authors: L. M. LafreniereAbstract:Carbon tetrachloride contamination in groundwater at Morrill, Kansas, was initially identified in 1985 during statewide testing of public water supply wells for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). High levels of nitrate were also present in the wells. The city of Morrill is located in Brown County in the northeastern corner of the state, about 7 mi east of Sabetha. The population of Morrill as of the 2000 census was approximately 277. All residents of Morrill now obtain their drinking water from the Sabetha municipal water system via a pipeline constructed in 1991. Starting in 1922, eight different public wells formerly served the Morrill municipal system at some time. Because of poor water quality, including high nitrate levels attributed to numerous animal feeding operations in the vicinity and application of fertilizer on agricultural lands, use of the local groundwater from any public well for municipal supply purposes was terminated in 1991 in favor of obtaining water from the Sabetha municipal water system. Investigations of the carbon tetrachloride and nitrate contamination by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) in 1989, 1994, and 1996 (KDHE 1989; GeoCore 1994a-e, 1996) identified a localized plume of carbon tetrachloride in groundwater extending downgradient from amore » Grain Storage facility located in the northwestern section of Morrill. The facility was formerly operated by the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), from 1950 to 1971. Since termination of the CCC/USDA Grain Storage operations in 1971, the property and existing Grain bins have been used for private Grain Storage up to the present time. Prior to 1986, commercial Grain fumigants were commonly used by the CCC/USDA, as well as private and commercial Grain Storage operations, to preserve Grain. Because the identified carbon tetrachloride contamination could in part be linked to historical use of carbon tetrachloride-based fumigants at its former facility, in 2003 the CCC/USDA assumed responsibility for the site investigation of the carbon tetrachloride contamination. The CCC/USDA involvement began with development and implementation of a work plan for a Phase I expedited site characterization (Argonne 2003). That investigation and subsequent investigations (Argonne 2004, 2005a) were performed by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The CCC/USDA has entered into an interagency agreement with DOE, under which Argonne continues to provide technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at its former Grain Storage Facilities. The initial investigation by the CCC/USDA in 2003 determined that soils at the former facility have not been impacted by Grain fumigation activities. Neither carbon tetrachloride nor chloroform was detected in near-surface soils or in subsurface soils collected to bedrock or to a depth of 15 ft below ground level (BGL). Therefore, no identifiable human health risk is associated with either carbon tetrachloride or chloroform in shallow soils, which additionally pose no further threat of contamination to groundwater. High carbon tetrachloride concentrations in groundwater (maximum 390 {micro}g/L in a sample collected from monitoring well MW3S - located on the former CCC/USDA property - in 1995) have declined significantly during long-term monitoring by the KDHE and currently by the CCC/USDA. Maximum levels within the plume of < 50 {micro}g/L at present confirm that no continuing soil source remains at the former CCC/USDA facility. Nevertheless, carbon tetrachloride concentrations exceeding the KDHE Tier 2 risk-based screening level of 5.0 {micro}g/L remain. In September 2005, the CCC/USDA initiated periodic sampling of groundwater at Morrill, in accord with a monitoring program approved by the state (KDHE 2005), to monitor carbon tetrachloride concentrations in the groundwater. Under the KDHE-approved monitoring plan (Argonne 2005b), groundwater was initially sampled twice yearly for a period of two years. The samples were analyzed for VOCs, as well as for selected geochemical parameters to aid in the evaluation of possible natural contaminant degradation (reductive dechlorination) processes in the subsurface environment. The data have been inconclusive overall, possibly because of the relatively low contaminant concentrations in the plume. Nevertheless, consistently low levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) at monitoring well MW1D (in the deepest portion of the contaminated aquifer) and the presence of chloroform (the primary degradation product of carbon tetrachloride) suggest that some degree of reductive dechlorination is occurring.« less
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Final report : phase I investigation at the former CCC/USDA Grain Storage facility in Savannah, Missouri.
2010Co-Authors: L. M. LafreniereAbstract:From approximately 1949 until 1970, the Commodity Credit Corporation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (CCC/USDA) operated a Grain Storage facility on federally owned property approximately 0.25 mi northwest of Savannah, Missouri (Figure 1.1). During this time, commercial Grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were commonly used by the CCC/USDA and the private Grain Storage industry to preserve Grain in their Facilities. In November 1998, carbon tetrachloride was detected in a private well (Morgan) roughly 50 ft south of the former CCC/USDA facility, as a result of state-wide screening of private wells near former CCC/USDA Facilities, conducted in Missouri by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA 1999). The 1998 and subsequent investigations by the EPA and the Missouri Department of Natural Resources (MoDNR) confirmed the presence of carbon tetrachloride in the Morgan well, as well as in a second well (on property currently owned and occupied by the Missouri Department of Transportation [MoDOT]), described as being approximately 400 ft east of the former CCC/USDA facility. The identified concentrations in these two wells were above the EPA maximum contaminant level (MCL) and the default target level (DTL) values of 5.0 {micro}g/L for carbon tetrachloride in water used for domestic purposes (EPA 1999;more » MoDNR 2000a,b, 2006). (The DTL is defined in Section 4.) Because the observed contamination in the Morgan and MoDOT wells might be linked to the past use of carbon tetrachloride-based fumigants at its former Grain Storage facility, the CCC/USDA is conducting an investigation to (1) characterize the source(s), extent, and factors controlling the subsurface distribution and movement of carbon tetrachloride at Savannah and (2) evaluate the potential risks to human health, public welfare, and the environment posed by the contamination. This work is being performed in accord with the Intergovernmental Agreement established between the Farm Service Agency of the USDA and the MoDNR, to address carbon tetrachloride contamination potentially associated with a number of former CCC/USDA Grain Storage Facilities in Missouri. The site characterization at Savannah is being conducted on behalf of the CCC/USDA by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. A phased approach is being employed by the CCC/USDA and Argonne, with the approval of the MoDNR, so that information obtained and interpretations developed during each incremental stage of the study can be used most effectively to guide subsequent aspects of the program. This report presents the technical findings of Phase I of Argonne's studies. The Phase I investigation was undertaken in accord with the final site-specific Phase I Work Plan for Savannah (Argonne 2007), as well as with the Master Work Plan (MWPK) for CCC/USDAArgonne operations in the state of Kansas (Argonne 2002), which the MoDNR reviewed and approved (with minor revisions) for temporary use in Missouri to facilitate the start-up of the CCC/USDA's activities at Savannah. (Argonne is developing a similar Master Work Plan for operations in Missouri that is based on the existing MWPK, with the approval of the MoDNR. The Missouri document has not been finalized, however, at this time.) The site-specific Savannah Work Plan (Argonne 2007; approved by the MoDNR [2007a]) (1) summarized the pre-existing knowledge base for the Savannah investigation site compiled by Argonne and (2) described the site-specific technical objectives and the intended scope of work developed for this phase of the investigation. Four primary technical objectives were identified for the Phase I studies, as follows: (1) Update the previous (MoDNR 2000a,b) inventory and status of private wells in the immediate vicinity of the former CCC/USDA Grain Storage facility, and sample the identified wells for analyses for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and geochemical constituents. (2) Investigate for possible evidence of a soil source of carbon tetrachloride contamination to groundwater beneath the former CCC/USDA facility. (3) Obtain preliminary information on the site-specific lithologies and hydrostratigraphy at the former CCC/USDA Grain Storage location. (4) Establish preliminary groundwater monitoring points, to investigate the patterns of groundwater movement affecting possible contaminant migration near the former CCC/USDA facility.« less
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Final work plan : supplemental upward vapor intrusion investigation at the former CCC/USDA Grain Storage facility in Hanover, Kansas.
2008Co-Authors: L. M. LafreniereAbstract:The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), operated a Grain Storage facility at the northeastern edge of the city of Hanover, Kansas, from 1950 until the early 1970s. During this time, commercial Grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were in common use by the Grain Storage industry to preserve Grain in their Facilities. In February 1998, trace to low levels of carbon tetrachloride (below the maximum contaminant level [MCL] of 5.0 {micro}g/L) were detected in two private wells near the former Grain Storage facility at Hanover, as part of a statewide USDA private well sampling program that was implemented by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) near former CCC/USDA Facilities. In 2007, the CCC/USDA conducted near-surface soil sampling at 61 locations and also sampled indoor air at nine residences on or adjacent to its former Hanover facility to address the residents concerns regarding vapor intrusion. Low levels of carbon tetrachloride were detected at four of the nine homes. The results were submitted to the KDHE in October 2007 (Argonne 2007). On the basis of the results, the KDHE requested sub-slab sampling and/or indoor air sampling (KDHE 2007). This Work Plan describes, inmore » detail, the proposed additional scope of work requested by the KDHE and has been developed as a supplement to the comprehensive site investigation work plan that is pending (Argonne 2008). Indoor air samples collected previously from four homes at Hanover were shown to contain the carbon tetrachloride at low concentrations (Table 2.1). It cannot be concluded from these previous data that the source of the detected carbon tetrachloride is vapor intrusion attributable to former Grain Storage operations of the CCC/USDA at Hanover. The technical objective of the vapor intrusion investigation described here is to assess the risk to human health due to the potential for upward migration of carbon tetrachloride and chloroform into four homes located on or adjacent to the former CCC/USDA facility. The technical objective will be accomplished by collecting sub-slab vapor samples. The preliminary data collected during the July 2007 investigation did not fully address the source of or migration pathway for the carbon tetrachloride detected in the four homes. The scope of work proposed here will generate additional data needed to help evaluate whether the source of the detected carbon tetrachloride is vapor intrusion attributable to activities of the CCC/USDA. The additional vapor sampling at Hanover will be performed, on behalf of the CCC/USDA, by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory and H&P Mobile Geochemistry of San Diego (http://www.handpmg.com). Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The CCC/USDA has entered into an interagency agreement with DOE, under which Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at its former Grain Storage Facilities. The professional staff members of H&P Mobile Geochemistry are nationally leading experts in soil gas sampling and vapor intrusion investigations.« less
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Final work plan : investigation of potential contamination at the former CCC/USDA Grain Storage facility in Hanover, Kansas.
2008Co-Authors: L. M. LafreniereAbstract:The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC), an agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), operated a Grain Storage facility at the northeastern edge of the city of Hanover, Kansas, from 1950 until the early 1970s. During this time, commercial Grain fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride were in common use by the Grain Storage industry to preserve Grain in their Facilities. In February 1998, trace to low levels of carbon tetrachloride (below the maximum contaminant level [MCL] of 5.0 {micro}g/L) were detected in two private wells near the former Grain Storage facility at Hanover, as part of a statewide USDA private well sampling program that was implemented by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) near former CCC/USDA Facilities. In April 2007, the CCC/USDA collected near-surface soil samples at 1.8-2 ft BGL (below ground level) at 61 locations across the former CCC/USDA facility. All soil samples were analyzed by the rigorous gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer analytical method (purge-and-trap method). No contamination was found in soil samples above the reporting limit of 10 {micro}g/kg. In July 2007, the CCC/USDA sampled indoor air at nine residences on or adjacent to its former facility to address the residents concerns regarding vapor intrusion. Low levels of carbon tetrachloride were detected at four of the nine homes. Because carbon tetrachloride found in private wells and indoor air at the site might be linked to historical use of fumigants containing carbon tetrachloride at its former Grain Storage facility, the CCC/USDA is proposing to conduct an investigation to determine the source and extent of the carbon tetrachloride contamination associated with the former facility. This investigation will be conducted in accordance with the intergovernmental agreement between the KDHE and the Farm Service Agency (FSA) of the USDA. The investigation at Hanover will be performed, on behalf of the CCC/USDA, by the Environmental Science Division of Argonne National Laboratory. Argonne is a nonprofit, multidisciplinary research center operated by UChicago Argonne, LLC, for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The CCC/USDA has entered into an interagency agreement with DOE, under which Argonne provides technical assistance to the CCC/USDA with environmental site characterization and remediation at its former Grain Storage Facilities. Seven technical objectives have been proposed for the Hanover investigation. They are as follows: (1) Identify the sources and extent of soil contamination beneath the former CCC/USDA facility; (2) Characterize groundwater contamination beneath the former CCC/USDA facility; (3) Determine groundwater flow patterns; (4) Define the vertical and lateral extent of the groundwater plume outside the former CCC/USDA facility; (5) Evaluate the aquifer and monitor the groundwater system; (6) Identify any other potential sources of contamination that are not related to activities of the CCC/USDA; and (7) Determine whether there is a vapor intrusion problem at the site attributable to the former CCC/USDA facility. The technical objectives will be accomplished in a phased approached. Data collected during each phase will be evaluated to determine whether the subsequent phase is necessary. The KDHE project manager and the CCC/USDA will be contacted during each phase and kept apprised of the results. Whether implementation of each phase of work is necessary will be discussed and mutually agreed upon by the CCC/USDA and KDHE project managers.
G. J. Daglish - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Behaviour in the presence of resource excess—flight of Tribolium castaneum around heavily-infested Grain Storage Facilities
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: M. A. Rafter, V. Muralitharan, S. Chandrasekaran, S. Mohankumar, G. J. Daglish, M. Loganathan, G. H. WalterAbstract:The flight of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in leaving infestations and establishing new infestations, independent of human mediation, has received little experimental attention. This study focuses on the patterns of flight of T. castaneum beetles in the nearby vicinity of an environment that provides all requirements—that is, an environment from which the beetles are not likely to be driven by density-related pressures. Four separate sampling strategies were implemented, with each one focused on particular sites in and around Storage structures (godowns) in southern India. Additional beetles were sampled from each focus area of a Storage facility at dusk to ascertain the allelic frequencies of resident and flying beetles at the rph 2 gene which is partially responsible for resistance to the fumigant phosphine (PH_3). Results show that T. castaneum beetles clearly have a crepuscular flight pattern, with most flight occurring at dusk. Movement into and out of the Facilities sampled evidently balanced one another, indicating that those beetles that initiated flight must eventually have returned to the same resource. Most beetles sampled from the bag stack surface during this crepuscular flight period were homozygous phosphine resistant at the rph 2 locus (83.3%, n = 30). Conversely, most beetles caught in flight during the same period had at least one phosphine susceptible allele (86.7% above the back stack, 63.3% outside the godown n = 30 at each site). Explanations for the patterns observed are discussed, including resource abundance overriding dispersal flight, and the possible pleiotropic effects on flight propensity of phosphine resistance.
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behaviour in the presence of resource excess flight of tribolium castaneum around heavily infested Grain Storage Facilities
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: M. A. Rafter, V. Muralitharan, S. Chandrasekaran, S. Mohankumar, G. J. Daglish, M. Loganathan, G. H. WalterAbstract:The flight of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in leaving infestations and establishing new infestations, independent of human mediation, has received little experimental attention. This study focuses on the patterns of flight of T. castaneum beetles in the nearby vicinity of an environment that provides all requirements—that is, an environment from which the beetles are not likely to be driven by density-related pressures. Four separate sampling strategies were implemented, with each one focused on particular sites in and around Storage structures (godowns) in southern India. Additional beetles were sampled from each focus area of a Storage facility at dusk to ascertain the allelic frequencies of resident and flying beetles at the rph2 gene which is partially responsible for resistance to the fumigant phosphine (PH3). Results show that T. castaneum beetles clearly have a crepuscular flight pattern, with most flight occurring at dusk. Movement into and out of the Facilities sampled evidently balanced one another, indicating that those beetles that initiated flight must eventually have returned to the same resource. Most beetles sampled from the bag stack surface during this crepuscular flight period were homozygous phosphine resistant at the rph2 locus (83.3%, n = 30). Conversely, most beetles caught in flight during the same period had at least one phosphine susceptible allele (86.7% above the back stack, 63.3% outside the godown n = 30 at each site). Explanations for the patterns observed are discussed, including resource abundance overriding dispersal flight, and the possible pleiotropic effects on flight propensity of phosphine resistance.
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Potential for using pheromone trapping and molecular screening in phosphine resistance research
Julius-Kühn-Archiv, 2018Co-Authors: G. J. Daglish, Jagadeesan Rajeswaran, Virgine T Singarayan, Nisa S. Nath, David I. Schlipalius, Paul R. Ebert, Manoj K. NayakAbstract:Phosphine resistance monitoring typically involves bioassays of beetles from population samples collected from Grain Storage Facilities. Insects are classified into susceptible or resistant phenotypes based on mortality or survival at one or more discriminating doses. Although valuable, phenotype testing has several drawbacks. First, phenotype testing needs live insects, and considerable effort is required to collect and maintain them before testing. Second, population samples may contain multiple genotypes expressing different levels of resistance that may not be distinguishable using discriminating dose bioassays. Third, collections are likely to be focussed around Grain Storages to maximise sampling success. Recent research shows that several key pests are actively dispersing through flight. The availability of commercial pheromone lures and recent advances in molecular screening provide an opportunity to provide information on resistance gene frequencies more broadly across the landscape. This approach is proving to be a valuable adjunct to traditional resistance testing in Australia.
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Response of Tribolium castaneum and Rhyzopertha dominica to various resources, near and far from Grain Storage
Journal of Applied Entomology, 2013Co-Authors: Faheem Ahmad, G. J. Daglish, A. W. Ridley, P. R. Burrill, G. H. WalterAbstract:Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) are common cosmopolitan pests of stored Grain and Grain products. We evaluated the relative attraction of T.castaneum and R.dominica to wheat, sorghum and cotton seeds in the field, near Grain Storage Facilities and well away from Storages in southern and central Queensland using multiple trapping techniques. The results show that T.castaneum is more strongly attracted to linted cotton seed relative to wheat, whereas R.dominica did not respond to cotton seed at all and was attracted only to wheat. Significantly more adults of T.castaneum (10-15 times) were attracted to traps placed on the ground, near Grain Storage, than to equivalent traps that were suspended (1.5m above the ground) nearby. These results suggest that Tribolium beetles detect and respond to resources towards the end of their dispersal flight, after which they localize resources while walking. By contrast R.dominica was captured only in suspended traps, which suggests they fly directly onto resources as they localize them. The ability of both species to colonize and reproduce in isolated resource patches within the relatively short time of 1month is illustrated by the returns from the traps deployed in the field (at least 1km from the nearest stored Grain) even though they caught only a few beetles. The results presented here provide novel insights about the resource location behaviours of both T.castaneum and R.dominica. In particular, the relationship of T.castaneum with non-cereal resources that are not conventionally associated with this species suggests an emphasis on these other resources in investigating the resource location behaviour of these beetles. This new perspective on the ecology of T. castaneum highlights the potential role of non-cereal resources (such as the lint on cotton seed) in the spread of Grain pest infestations.
M. Loganathan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Behaviour in the presence of resource excess—flight of Tribolium castaneum around heavily-infested Grain Storage Facilities
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: M. A. Rafter, V. Muralitharan, S. Chandrasekaran, S. Mohankumar, G. J. Daglish, M. Loganathan, G. H. WalterAbstract:The flight of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in leaving infestations and establishing new infestations, independent of human mediation, has received little experimental attention. This study focuses on the patterns of flight of T. castaneum beetles in the nearby vicinity of an environment that provides all requirements—that is, an environment from which the beetles are not likely to be driven by density-related pressures. Four separate sampling strategies were implemented, with each one focused on particular sites in and around Storage structures (godowns) in southern India. Additional beetles were sampled from each focus area of a Storage facility at dusk to ascertain the allelic frequencies of resident and flying beetles at the rph 2 gene which is partially responsible for resistance to the fumigant phosphine (PH_3). Results show that T. castaneum beetles clearly have a crepuscular flight pattern, with most flight occurring at dusk. Movement into and out of the Facilities sampled evidently balanced one another, indicating that those beetles that initiated flight must eventually have returned to the same resource. Most beetles sampled from the bag stack surface during this crepuscular flight period were homozygous phosphine resistant at the rph 2 locus (83.3%, n = 30). Conversely, most beetles caught in flight during the same period had at least one phosphine susceptible allele (86.7% above the back stack, 63.3% outside the godown n = 30 at each site). Explanations for the patterns observed are discussed, including resource abundance overriding dispersal flight, and the possible pleiotropic effects on flight propensity of phosphine resistance.
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behaviour in the presence of resource excess flight of tribolium castaneum around heavily infested Grain Storage Facilities
Journal of Pest Science, 2019Co-Authors: M. A. Rafter, V. Muralitharan, S. Chandrasekaran, S. Mohankumar, G. J. Daglish, M. Loganathan, G. H. WalterAbstract:The flight of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) in leaving infestations and establishing new infestations, independent of human mediation, has received little experimental attention. This study focuses on the patterns of flight of T. castaneum beetles in the nearby vicinity of an environment that provides all requirements—that is, an environment from which the beetles are not likely to be driven by density-related pressures. Four separate sampling strategies were implemented, with each one focused on particular sites in and around Storage structures (godowns) in southern India. Additional beetles were sampled from each focus area of a Storage facility at dusk to ascertain the allelic frequencies of resident and flying beetles at the rph2 gene which is partially responsible for resistance to the fumigant phosphine (PH3). Results show that T. castaneum beetles clearly have a crepuscular flight pattern, with most flight occurring at dusk. Movement into and out of the Facilities sampled evidently balanced one another, indicating that those beetles that initiated flight must eventually have returned to the same resource. Most beetles sampled from the bag stack surface during this crepuscular flight period were homozygous phosphine resistant at the rph2 locus (83.3%, n = 30). Conversely, most beetles caught in flight during the same period had at least one phosphine susceptible allele (86.7% above the back stack, 63.3% outside the godown n = 30 at each site). Explanations for the patterns observed are discussed, including resource abundance overriding dispersal flight, and the possible pleiotropic effects on flight propensity of phosphine resistance.
