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Johannes A Jehle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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elucidating the genetic diversity of phthorimaea operculella Granulovirus phopgv
Journal of General Virology, 2019Co-Authors: Andreas Larem, Gianpiero Gueli Alletti, Jorg T Wennmann, Saoussen Bentiba, Johannes A JehleAbstract:Twelve complete genome sequences of Phthorimaea operculella Granulovirus (PhopGV) isolates from four different continents (Africa, South America, Asia and Europe) were analysed after Illumina next-generation sequencing (NGS). The isolates have a circular double-stranded DNA genome that is 118 355 to 119 177 bp in length and all of them encode 130 open reading frames (ORFs). Analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revealed a unique set of SNP positions for every tested isolate. The genome sequences of the investigated PhopGV isolates were classified into a new system of four (1-4) groups according to the presence of group-specific SNPs as well as insertions and deletions. These genome groups correlated with phylogenetic lineages inferred from minimum-evolution trees of the whole-genome consensus nucleotide sequences. All members of group 3 originated from the Mediterranean area, whereas the geographical origin and the group assignment did not correlate for isolates belonging to genome groups 1, 2 or 4. The high degree of coverage facilitated the determination of variant nucleotide frequencies. We conclude that the geographical isolates of PhopGV are genetically highly similar. On the other hand, they were rarely genetically homogenous and in most cases appeared to be mixtures of multiple genotypes.
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the genome sequence of agrotis segetum Granulovirus isolate agsegv da reveals a new betabaculovirus species of a slow killing Granulovirus
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2017Co-Authors: Gianpiero Gueli Alletti, Eric B. Carstens, Marina Eigenbrod, Regina G Kleespies, Johannes A JehleAbstract:Abstract The European isolate Agrotis segetum Granulovirus DA (AgseGV-DA) is a slow killing, type I Granulovirus due to low dose-mortality responses within seven days post infection and a tissue tropism of infection restricted solely to the fat body of infected Agrotis segetum host larvae. The genome of AgseGV-DA was completely sequenced and compared to the whole genome sequences of the Chinese isolates AgseGV-XJ and AgseGV-L1. All three isolates share highly conserved genomes. The AgseGV-DA genome is 131,557 bp in length and encodes for 149 putative open reading frames, including 37 baculovirus core genes and the per os infectivity factor ac110. Comprehensive investigations of repeat regions identified one putative non-hr like origin of replication in AgseGV-DA. Phylogenetic analysis based on concatenated amino acid alignments of 37 baculovirus core genes as well as pairwise distances based on the nucleotide alignments of partial granulin, lef-8 and lef-9 sequences with deposited betabaculoviruses confirmed AgseGV-DA, AgseGV-XJ and AgseGV-L1 as representative isolates of the same Betabaculovirus species. AgseGV encodes for a distinct putative enhancin, distantly related to enhancins from other Granuloviruses.
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baculovirus resistance in codling moth cydia pomonella l caused by early block of virus replication
Virology, 2011Co-Authors: S Asserkaiser, Doreen Winstanley, Pit Radtke, Said Elsalamouny, Johannes A JehleAbstract:An up to 10,000-fold resistance against the biocontrol agent Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV) was observed in field populations of codling moth, C. pomonella, in Europe. Following different experimental approaches, a modified peritrophic membrane, a modified midgut receptor, or a change of the innate immune response could be excluded as possible resistance mechanisms. When CpGV replication was traced by quantitative PCR in different tissues of susceptible and resistant insects after oral and intra-hemocoelic infection, no virus replication could be detected in any of the tissues of resistant insects, suggesting a systemic block prior to viral DNA replication. This conclusion was corroborated by fluorescence microscopy using a modified CpGV (bacCpGV(hsp-eGFP)) carrying enhanced green fluorescent gene (eGFP), which showed that infection in resistant insects did not spread. In conclusion, the different lines of evidence indicate that CpGV can enter but not replicate in the cells of resistant codling moth larvae.
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diversity and evolution of the cydia pomonella Granulovirus
Journal of General Virology, 2009Co-Authors: Karolin E Eberle, M. Rezapanah, Samy Sayed, Sharareh Shojaiestabragh, Johannes A JehleAbstract:Eight new field isolates of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV) originating in Iran and Georgia and one English CpGV isolate were analysed for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) and by partial genome amplification and sequencing. According to the observed RFLPs, most of the predominant genotypes of these isolates could be assigned to those present in previously found isolates originating from Mexico (CpGV-M), England (CpGV-E) and Russia (CpGV-R). We suggest that these isolates should be designated genome A, B and C types, respectively. A fourth genome type was identified in three isolates and is designated D type. The isolates with A, B and D type genomes contained four open reading frames (ORFs) (ORF63–ORF66) not present in C type genomes. The lack of these ORFs in other Granuloviruses suggests that the C type genome is evolutionarily ancestral to the other genome types. The B and D type genomes contained an additional insertion of a non-protein coding region of 0.7 kb, which was at different genome locations. Analysis of the partial gene sequences of late expression factor 8 (lef-8), lef-9 and polyhedrin/granulin (polh/gran) genes revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that corresponded to the RFLP types. Phylogenetic analyses based on these SNPs corroborated the proposed ancestry of the C type genome. C type viruses were also less virulent to neonate codling moth larvae than the other virus types. In conclusion, the known diversity of CpGV isolates can be described by four major genome types, which appear to exist in different isolates as genotype mixtures.
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the genome of the cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus
Virology, 2003Co-Authors: Martin Lange, Johannes A JehleAbstract:Abstract The genome of the Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus (CrleGV) was sequenced and analyzed. The double-stranded circular genome contains 110,907 bp and potentially encodes 129 predicted open reading frames (ORFs), 124 of which were similar to other baculovirus ORFs. Five ORFs were CrleGV specific and 26 ORFs were common to other Granulovirus genomes. One ORF showed a significant similarity to a nonstructural protein of Bombyx mori densovirus-2. A baculovirus chitinase gene was identified, which is most likely not functional, because its central coding region including the conserved chitinase active site signature is deleted. Three gene copies (Crle20, 23, and 24) containing the Baculo PEP N domain of the polyhedron envelope protein were identified in CrleGV and other GV genomes. One of them (Crle23) appeared also to contain a p10-like sequence encoding of a number of leucine-rich heptad repeats and a proline-rich domain. Another striking feature of the genome is the presence of a hypervariable non- hr ori -like region of about 1800 bp consisting of different kinds of repeats and palindromes. Three other repeat-rich regions were identified within the genome and are considered as homologous regions ( hrs ). CrleGV is most closely related to the Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV) as revealed by genome order comparisons and phylogenetic analyses. However, the AT content of the CrleGV genome, which is 67.6% and the highest found so far in baculoviruses, differed by 12.8% from the AT content of CpGV. This resulted in a major difference in the codon usage of both viruses and may reflect adaptive selection constraints to their particular hosts.
P R Stephen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus 10 years of commercial field use
Viruses, 2015Co-Authors: S D Moore, Wayne Kirkman, Garth I Richards, P R StephenAbstract:In the last 15 years, extensive work on the Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus (CrleGV) has been conducted in South Africa, initially in the laboratory, but subsequently also in the field. This culminated in the registration of the first CrleGV-based biopesticide in 2004 (hence, the 10 years of commercial use in the field) and the second one three years later. Since 2000, more than 50 field trials have been conducted with CrleGV against the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta, on citrus in South Africa. In a representative sample of 13 field trials reported over this period, efficacy (measured by reduction in larval infestation of fruit) ranged between 30% and 92%. Efficacy was shown to persist at a level of 70% for up to 17 weeks after application of CrleGV. This only occurred where the virus was applied in blocks rather than to single trees. The addition of molasses substantially and sometimes significantly enhanced efficacy. It was also established that CrleGV should not be applied at less than ~2 × 1013 OBs per ha in order to avoid compromised efficacy. As CrleGV-based products were shown to be at least as effective as chemical alternatives, persistent and compatible with natural enemies, their use is recommended within an integrated program for control of T. leucotreta on citrus and other crops.
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The Cryptophlebia Leucotreta Granulovirus—10 Years of Commercial Field Use
Viruses, 2015Co-Authors: Sean D Moore, G I Richards, Wayne Kirkman, P R StephenAbstract:In the last 15 years, extensive work on the Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus (CrleGV) has been conducted in South Africa, initially in the laboratory, but subsequently also in the field. This culminated in the registration of the first CrleGV-based biopesticide in 2004 (hence, the 10 years of commercial use in the field) and the second one three years later. Since 2000, more than 50 field trials have been conducted with CrleGV against the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta, on citrus in South Africa. In a representative sample of 13 field trials reported over this period, efficacy (measured by reduction in larval infestation of fruit) ranged between 30% and 92%. Efficacy was shown to persist at a level of 70% for up to 17 weeks after application of CrleGV. This only occurred where the virus was applied in blocks rather than to single trees. The addition of molasses substantially and sometimes significantly enhanced efficacy. It was also established that CrleGV should not be applied at less than ~2 × 1013 OBs per ha in order to avoid compromised efficacy. As CrleGV-based products were shown to be at least as effective as chemical alternatives, persistent and compatible with natural enemies, their use is recommended within an integrated program for control of T. leucotreta on citrus and other crops.
S D Moore - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The comparative analysis of complete genome sequences from two South African betabaculoviruses: Phthorimaea operculella Granulovirus and Plutella xylostella Granulovirus
Archives of Virology, 2016Co-Authors: M. D. Jukes, B. M. Motsoeneng, C. M. Knox, M. P. Hill, S D MooreAbstract:The complete genomes of two novel South African betabaculovirus isolates, namely Phthorimaea operculella Granulovirus (PhopGV-SA) and Plutella xylostella Granulovirus (PlxyGV-SA), were sequenced and compared to the respective reference isolates PhopGV-1346 and PlxyGV-K1. For both isolates, the genome size and guanine-cytosine (GC) content were similar to those of the respective reference genomes. However, numerous-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and several insertions/deletions were observed, revealing the novelty of the isolates. Focus was placed on analysing the observed insertion/deletion events by conducting amino acid sequence alignments for all ORFs of each isolate against all respective ORFs in the corresponding reference isolate. Certain ORFs in each Granulovirus genome contained significant insertion/deletion events. In addition, the PlxyGV-SA genome had single-nucleotide insertions/deletions in ORFs 38 and 49 that resulted in the extension and complete overlap of these two ORFs with the neighbouring ORFs 39 and 48, respectively. These novel isolates have significant potential for development and application as biopesticides in South Africa, and the genetic variations observed may have important implications for the biological activity and management of host resistance in the field.
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the cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus 10 years of commercial field use
Viruses, 2015Co-Authors: S D Moore, Wayne Kirkman, Garth I Richards, P R StephenAbstract:In the last 15 years, extensive work on the Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus (CrleGV) has been conducted in South Africa, initially in the laboratory, but subsequently also in the field. This culminated in the registration of the first CrleGV-based biopesticide in 2004 (hence, the 10 years of commercial use in the field) and the second one three years later. Since 2000, more than 50 field trials have been conducted with CrleGV against the false codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta, on citrus in South Africa. In a representative sample of 13 field trials reported over this period, efficacy (measured by reduction in larval infestation of fruit) ranged between 30% and 92%. Efficacy was shown to persist at a level of 70% for up to 17 weeks after application of CrleGV. This only occurred where the virus was applied in blocks rather than to single trees. The addition of molasses substantially and sometimes significantly enhanced efficacy. It was also established that CrleGV should not be applied at less than ~2 × 1013 OBs per ha in order to avoid compromised efficacy. As CrleGV-based products were shown to be at least as effective as chemical alternatives, persistent and compatible with natural enemies, their use is recommended within an integrated program for control of T. leucotreta on citrus and other crops.
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an improved larval diet for commercial mass rearing of the false codling moth thaumatotibia leucotreta meyrick lepidoptera tortricidae
African Entomology, 2014Co-Authors: S D Moore, G I Richards, C Chambers, Don HendryAbstract:False codling moth, Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera:Tortricidae), is endemic to sub-Saharan Africa (Newton 1998). It is a pest of citrus (Newton 1998), stone fruit (Daiber 1978), macadamias (La Croix & Thindwa 1986), avocados (Erichsen & Schoeman 1992) and various other agricultural crops. All available control methods were recently reviewed by Moore & Hattingh (2012). Included amongst these is the use of Granulovirus (Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus (CrleGV)) sprays, inundative releases of egg parasitoids and the sterile insect technique (SIT). All of these require production of large numbers of T. leucotreta. CrleGV and the egg parasitoid, Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae (Nagaraja) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), are produced in vivo (Moore et al. 2011) and for SIT, the sterilized adult male moth is the product (Hofmeyr et al. 2005).
Doreen Winstanley - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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baculovirus resistance in codling moth cydia pomonella l caused by early block of virus replication
Virology, 2011Co-Authors: S Asserkaiser, Doreen Winstanley, Pit Radtke, Said Elsalamouny, Johannes A JehleAbstract:An up to 10,000-fold resistance against the biocontrol agent Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV) was observed in field populations of codling moth, C. pomonella, in Europe. Following different experimental approaches, a modified peritrophic membrane, a modified midgut receptor, or a change of the innate immune response could be excluded as possible resistance mechanisms. When CpGV replication was traced by quantitative PCR in different tissues of susceptible and resistant insects after oral and intra-hemocoelic infection, no virus replication could be detected in any of the tissues of resistant insects, suggesting a systemic block prior to viral DNA replication. This conclusion was corroborated by fluorescence microscopy using a modified CpGV (bacCpGV(hsp-eGFP)) carrying enhanced green fluorescent gene (eGFP), which showed that infection in resistant insects did not spread. In conclusion, the different lines of evidence indicate that CpGV can enter but not replicate in the cells of resistant codling moth larvae.
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the complete sequence of the cydia pomonella Granulovirus genome
Journal of General Virology, 2001Co-Authors: Teresa Luque, N E Crook, Ruth Finch, David R Oreilly, Doreen WinstanleyAbstract:The nucleotide sequence of the DNA genome of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus (CpGV) was determined and analysed. The genome is composed of 123500 bp and has a G+C content of 45·2%. It contains 143 ORFs of 150 nucleotides or more that show minimal overlap. One-hundred-and-eighteen (82·5%) of these putative genes are homologous to genes previously identified in other baculoviruses. Among them, 73 are homologous to genes of Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV), whereas 108 and 98 are homologous to genes of Xestia c-nigrum GV (XcGV) and Plutella xylostella GV (PxGV), respectively. These homologues show on average 37·4% overall amino acid sequence identity to those from AcMNPV and 45% to those from XcGV and PxGV. The CpGV gene content was compared to that of other baculoviruses. Several genes reported to have major roles in baculovirus biology were not found in the CpGV genome, such as gp64, the major budded virus glycoprotein gene in some nucleopolyhedroviruses, and lef-7, involved in DNA replication. However, the CpGV genome encodes the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase, three inhibitor of apoptosis (iap) homologues and two protein tyrosine phosphatases. The CpGV, PxGV and XcGV genomes present a noticeably high level of conservation of gene order and orientation. A striking feature of the CpGV genome is the absence of typical homologous repeat sequences. However, it contains one major repeat region and 13 copies of a single 73–77 bp imperfect palindrome.
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Comprehensive physical map of the Cydia pomonella Granulovirus genome and sequence analysis of the granulin gene region.
The Journal of general virology, 1997Co-Authors: N E Crook, I. R. Smith, J.d. James, Doreen WinstanleyAbstract:A cloned strain of Cydia pomonella Granulovirus, CpGV-M1, was obtained using successive rounds of an in vivo limiting dilution method. A detailed physical map of the genome was constructed using 11 restriction enzymes. The region containing the granulin gene and an open reading frame immediately upstream of the granulin gene was sequenced. This region showed a high degree of homology to the equivalent region from Cryptophlebia leucotreta Granulovirus with 98% amino acid identity for the granulins and 68% identity for the putative polypeptides encoded by the upstream ORFs. These latter polypeptides contained two zinc finger-like motifs and showed a low degree of homology to ME53 from Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV). Evidence is presented for a similar upstream ORF in Artogeia rapae GV also. Hybridization studies showed that the CpGV genome had a similar overall organization to the Artogeia rapae GV genome. Hybridization between CpGV and AcMNPV was limited to fragments spanning about 15% of each genome suggesting that very few genes are highly conserved between GVs and NPVs.
Chuanxi Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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transcriptional analysis of pieris rapae in response to p rapae Granulovirus
Journal of Asia-pacific Entomology, 2018Co-Authors: Baoqin Zhang, Haijian Huang, Tongqiang Zhang, Chuanxi Zhang, Qiao LiAbstract:Abstract Pieris rapae Granulovirus (PrGV) is an important pathogen that has been exploited as a microbial insecticide to control agriculture pests. They can specifically infect cabbage butterfly (Pieris rapae), causing a series of pathological symptoms. In this infected P. rapae at 6 h and 72 h. As a result, a series of host genes were significantly modulated following PrGV infection, including those correlated with exoskeleton, ribosome, heat shock protein (HSP), proteasome, oxidation-reduction and apoptosis. Taken together, our study unveiled the P. rapae response to PrGV at different time point and provided a potential strategy for pest management.
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The genome of Pieris rapae Granulovirus
2016Co-Authors: Baoqin Zhang, Ruolin Cheng, Xiaofeng Wang, Chuanxi ZhangAbstract:Pieris rapae Granulovirus (PrGV) can infect and kill larvae of Pieris rapae, a worldwide and important pest of mustard family crops. The PrGV genome consists of 108,592 bp, is AT rich (66.8%), and is most structurally and organizationally similar to the Choristoneura occidentalis Granulovirus genome. Of the predicted 120 open reading frames (ORFs), 32 genes specifically oc-curred in GVs, including four genes unique to PrGV (Pr9, Pr32, Pr53, and Pr117). The small cabbage white butterfly (Pieris rapae) is widespreadaround the world and is an important pest of cultivated cab-bages and other mustard family crops. Pieris rapae Granulovirus (PrGV) infects and kills larvae of Pieris rapae. PrGV has been widely used for biological control of the small cabbage white but-terfly and has become a commercially important biological insec-ticide. The family Baculoviridae is a diverse group of circular double-strandedDNA viruses.Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) andGranulo-virus (GV) are the two main genera in this family. The GV largely differs from the NPV in the structure of the occlusion bodies. Genome information has greatly expanded our understanding o
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molecular and immunohistochemical characterization of granulin gene encoded in pieris rapae Granulovirus genome
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2013Co-Authors: Seunghan Oh, Kwang Ho Yoon, Bharat Bhusan Patnaik, Yong Hun Jo, Heon Cheon Jeong, Chuanxi ZhangAbstract:Abstract Pieris rapae Granulovirus (PiraGV) is highly pathogenic to the cabbage butterfly (P. rapae), an important pest of cultivated cabbages and mustard crops. It therefore holds significant promise towards exploitation as a potent bio-control agent in the field controlling the pest population. Whole-genome elucidation of the Korean isolate of the Granulovirus (PiraGV-K), reported the presence of a granulin gene corresponding to ORF 1 in its genome. Comprehensive studies towards functional characterization of the gene, established that it is composed of 744 nucleotides and encodes a peptide of 247 amino acid residues. It possessed significant homology with AoGV and ClanGV with 87% identity at amino acid level. Multiple alignment data suggests that the C-terminus region of the gene had three different conserved regions. Time-course studies conducted in PiraGV-K infected P. rapae larvae revealed a significant upsurge of the transcript (134-fold) at 4 days post infection followed by a significant decline at the most advanced stages of infection. Anti-PiraGV-K granulin antibody was produced and western blot conducted with the infected larvae further confirmed the induction pattern with a protein of 30 kDa. Immunofluorescent staining showed a granulin-specific signal in fat body and integument of the infected larvae. Granulin-specific signals were noticed 2 days post infection with the eventual systemic spread of infection to the associated tracheal matrix witnessed at 4 days post infection. Immunogold labeling and electron microscopic studies further proved the cytopathological effects as the presence of numerous membrane-bound vesicles with nucleocapsids and abruption of intercellular junctions in fat body and hypertrophied cells in the integument.
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the genome of pieris rapae Granulovirus
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Baoqin Zhang, Ruolin Cheng, Chuanxi ZhangAbstract:Pieris rapae Granulovirus (PrGV) can infect and kill larvae of Pieris rapae, a worldwide and important pest of mustard family crops. The PrGV genome consists of 108,592 bp, is AT rich (66.8%), and is most structurally and organizationally similar to the Choristoneura occidentalis Granulovirus genome. Of the predicted 120 open reading frames (ORFs), 32 genes specifically occurred in GVs, including four genes unique to PrGV (Pr9, Pr32, Pr53, and Pr117).
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odv associated proteins of the pieris rapae Granulovirus
Journal of Proteome Research, 2011Co-Authors: Xiaofeng Wang, Baoqin Zhang, Haijun Xu, Yipeng Xu, Minjuan Zhang, Chuanxi ZhangAbstract:Alphabaculovirus (lepidopteran-specific nucleopolyhedroviruses, NPV) and Betabaculovirus (Granuloviruses, GV) are two main genera of the family Baculoviridae. The virion proteomes of Alphabaculovir...
