The Experts below are selected from a list of 13032 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
intake and digestion of wethers fed with dwarf elephant Grass Hay with or without the inclusion of peanut Hay
Tropical Animal Health and Production, 2014Co-Authors: Maria Alice Schnaider, Henrique Mendonca Nunes Ribeirofilho, Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski, Tatiana Reiter, Aline Cristina Dall Orsoletta, Ademar Luiz DallabridaAbstract:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of peanut (Arachis pintoi cv. Amarillo) Hay in diets based on dwarf elephant Grass (DEG, Pennisetum purpureum Schum cv. Kurumi) Hay of different regrowth ages on forage intake and digestibility in wether lambs. The experimental treatments consisted of DEG Hay with an interval of regrowth of 30 or 45 days offered as the only feed or in mixture with peanut Hay (300 g/kg of total dry matter (DM)), which were tested in eight Texel × Suffolk crossbred wethers in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment. Both organic matter (OM) and digestible OM intakes were higher (P < 0.05) in animals receiving the legume forage. Total apparent OM digestibility was higher (P < 0.05) at an increased Grass regrowth age. Ruminal OM digestibility increased (P < 0.05) with legume inclusion and at a higher Grass regrowth age. The nitrogen (N) intake was higher (P < 0.05) in legume treatments and lower (P < 0.05) as the Grass regrowth age increased, but retention of N was not affected by treatments. Duodenal flow of both, non-ammonia N and microbial N, were not affected by legume inclusion and were lower (P < 0.05) as Grass regrowth age increased. The efficiency of rumen microbial protein synthesis (ERMPS) was negatively affected (P < 0.05) by legume inclusion and was lower (P < 0.05) as the Grass regrowth age increased. Supplementation of dwarf elephant Grass Hay cut at the vegetative stage with peanut legume Hay improves nutritional supply to wethers due to an increase in the forage intake.
-
intake and digestion by lambs fed a low quality Grass Hay supplemented or not with urea casein or cassava meal
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2007Co-Authors: Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski, M V Reffatti, L Bonnecarrere M Sanchez, Lisiane Dorneles De Lima, R L Cadorin, C J Harter, Giovani FiorentiniAbstract:Abstract Ten Polwarth×Texel lambs (21 ± 3 kg live weight), housed in metabolic cages and fed ad libitum a low-quality Grass Hay ( Cynodon sp.) were used in a replicated 5×5 Latin Square experiment to evaluate effects of supplement type on forage and total intake, rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis, digestibility and N retention. Supplements were a non-fibre carbohydrate (NFC) source ( i.e. , cassava meal), NFC plus a degradable true protein N (TPN) source ( i.e. , calcium caseinate), NFC plus a non-protein N (NPN) source ( i.e. , urea:ammonia sulphate, 9:1), NPN alone or no supplement (control). Hay and fibre intake, as well as fibre digestibility, rumen microbial protein synthesis and N retention were lowest (P 0.05). Hay utilization by lambs was not improved by any supplement and markedly depressed with NFC as the sole supplement. This effect, however, was likely not due a decreased rumen pH, given that the mean rumen pH values were near 7.0 in all treatments. Digestible energy intake, rumen microbial protein synthesis and N retention were improved only when supplementation included both NFC and degradable N sources, regardless of whether it was TPN or NPN.
-
influence of regrowth age on the nutritive value of dwarf elephant Grass Hay pennisetum purpureum schum cv mott consumed by lambs
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski, Juliano Perottoni, Luis Maria Bonnecarrere SanchezAbstract:Abstract The change in chemical composition of dwarf elephant Grass Hay cut at 30, 50 70 and 90 days of regrowth, and its effect on intake, apparent digestibility, ruminal microbial protein synthesis and N balance in lambs (23 ± 2.5 kg live weight), were studied in a double 4 × 4 Latin Square experiment. Diets were chopped Hay fed twice a day with a 100–200 g/kg orts. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), as well as neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents did not differ among regrowth ages, but a linear increase of acid detergent fibre (ADF) (P 0.05). The ADF content was the Hay component best related with apparent DM and NDF digestibility. Factors besides regrowth age, such as the climate conditions, may have influenced the chemical composition of dwarf elephant Grass. Within regrowth period, days of regrowth was not a good indicator of nutritional value of elephant Grass.
-
influence of regrowth age on the nutritive value of dwarf elephant Grass Hay pennisetum purpureum schum cv mott consumed by lambs
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski, Juliano Perottoni, Luis Maria Bonnecarrere SanchezAbstract:Abstract The change in chemical composition of dwarf elephant Grass Hay cut at 30, 50 70 and 90 days of regrowth, and its effect on intake, apparent digestibility, ruminal microbial protein synthesis and N balance in lambs (23 ± 2.5 kg live weight), were studied in a double 4 × 4 Latin Square experiment. Diets were chopped Hay fed twice a day with a 100–200 g/kg orts. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), as well as neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents did not differ among regrowth ages, but a linear increase of acid detergent fibre (ADF) ( P P P = 0.14 and P = 0.15, respectively). Non-protein N (NPN) accounted for almost all soluble N (SN) contents, which increased quadratically from 30 to 70 days and decreased at 90 days of regrowth ( P P P P P P P P P > 0.05). The ADF content was the Hay component best related with apparent DM and NDF digestibility. Factors besides regrowth age, such as the climate conditions, may have influenced the chemical composition of dwarf elephant Grass. Within regrowth period, days of regrowth was not a good indicator of nutritional value of elephant Grass.
Luis Maria Bonnecarrere Sanchez - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
influence of regrowth age on the nutritive value of dwarf elephant Grass Hay pennisetum purpureum schum cv mott consumed by lambs
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski, Juliano Perottoni, Luis Maria Bonnecarrere SanchezAbstract:Abstract The change in chemical composition of dwarf elephant Grass Hay cut at 30, 50 70 and 90 days of regrowth, and its effect on intake, apparent digestibility, ruminal microbial protein synthesis and N balance in lambs (23 ± 2.5 kg live weight), were studied in a double 4 × 4 Latin Square experiment. Diets were chopped Hay fed twice a day with a 100–200 g/kg orts. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), as well as neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents did not differ among regrowth ages, but a linear increase of acid detergent fibre (ADF) (P 0.05). The ADF content was the Hay component best related with apparent DM and NDF digestibility. Factors besides regrowth age, such as the climate conditions, may have influenced the chemical composition of dwarf elephant Grass. Within regrowth period, days of regrowth was not a good indicator of nutritional value of elephant Grass.
-
influence of regrowth age on the nutritive value of dwarf elephant Grass Hay pennisetum purpureum schum cv mott consumed by lambs
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: Gilberto Vilmar Kozloski, Juliano Perottoni, Luis Maria Bonnecarrere SanchezAbstract:Abstract The change in chemical composition of dwarf elephant Grass Hay cut at 30, 50 70 and 90 days of regrowth, and its effect on intake, apparent digestibility, ruminal microbial protein synthesis and N balance in lambs (23 ± 2.5 kg live weight), were studied in a double 4 × 4 Latin Square experiment. Diets were chopped Hay fed twice a day with a 100–200 g/kg orts. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), as well as neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents did not differ among regrowth ages, but a linear increase of acid detergent fibre (ADF) ( P P P = 0.14 and P = 0.15, respectively). Non-protein N (NPN) accounted for almost all soluble N (SN) contents, which increased quadratically from 30 to 70 days and decreased at 90 days of regrowth ( P P P P P P P P P > 0.05). The ADF content was the Hay component best related with apparent DM and NDF digestibility. Factors besides regrowth age, such as the climate conditions, may have influenced the chemical composition of dwarf elephant Grass. Within regrowth period, days of regrowth was not a good indicator of nutritional value of elephant Grass.
J I Arroquy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of types of non fiber carbohydrate on in vitro forage fiber digestion of low quality Grass Hay
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: J I Arroquy, R C Cochran, T G Nagaraja, Evan C Titgemeyer, D E JohnsonAbstract:Abstract Two in vitro experiments were conducted to study the effects of supplemental non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and fermentation pH on rate and extent of forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion by mixed ruminal microorganisms. A low-quality Grass Hay (53 g/kg CP and 761 g/kg NDF) that was finely ground served as the basal forage substrate. In Experiment 1, treatments were arranged as a 4 × 2 factorial in a randomized complete block design. The first factor consisted of supplemental NFC type: none (i.e., control, Grass Hay only), glucose, maltose, or soluble starch. The second factor was fermentation pH: adjusted (i.e., maintained at approximately pH 6.8) or non-adjusted (i.e., pH allowed to vary from an initial pH of 6.8 without interference). Treatments in Experiment 2 were arranged as a 4 × 2 factorial in a completely randomized design. The first factor consisted of supplemental NFC type: none (i.e., control, Grass Hay only), glucose, corn starch, and soluble starch. The second factor consisted of fermentation pH: adjusted or non-adjusted (the same as in Experiment 1). In both experiments NFC treatments were set such that the supplemental NFC supplied approximately 200 g/kg of the total substrate dry matter. In Experiment 1, an NFC type × pH interaction (P
-
effect of postruminal protein supply on the response to ruminal protein supplementation in beef steers fed a low quality Grass Hay
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: T A Wickersham, J I Arroquy, R C Cochran, Evan C Titgemeyer, D E Johnson, C G Farmer, E A Klevesahl, D P GnadAbstract:Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of infusing protein postruminally on the utilization of low-quality Grass Hay by beef steers concurrently ruminally infused with increasing levels of protein. Twelve ruminally fistulated steers (361±8.2 kg BW) were used in a two-treatment, two-period cross-over design nested within a six treatment completely randomized experiment. Steers were allowed ad libitum access to a low-quality Grass Hay (53 g/kg CP, 717 g/kg NDF) for 17 days before and throughout the experiment. Each period of the experiment had five intervals: (1) 10 days adaptation to treatments; (2) 7 days measurement of intake and digestibility; (3) 3 days ruminal sampling; (4) 10 days ad libitum access to Hay only; (5) 7 days measurement of intake. Steers were supplemented in a 6×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. For the first factor, steers were dosed ruminally once daily with one of six levels of sodium caseinate (0, 0.29, 0.58, 0.87, 1.16, and 1.45 g/kg of initial BW) to simulate ruminally degradable protein supplementation. For the second factor, steers were infused postruminally once daily with one of two levels of sodium caseinate (0 and 0.87 g/kg of initial BW) via infusion lines anchored in the abomasum to simulate ruminally undegradable protein supplementation. Provision of protein ruminally resulted in a linear ( P ≤0.03) increase in Hay OM intake, total digestible OM intake (TDOMI), and OM digestion. Infusion of protein postruminally tended ( P =0.06) to increase Hay OM intake, and increased TDOMI, and OM digestion ( P ≤0.01). A trend to a ruminal protein level×postruminal protein interaction ( P =0.07) was observed for TDOMI, which was due to a lower response to the first increment of ruminal protein supplementation when steers received postruminal protein. A quadratic increase ( P =0.03) in NDF digestion occurred with increasing ruminal protein although, postruminal protein did not affect NDF digestion. Ruminal and postruminal protein supplementation improved forage utilization, but the response to direct ruminal protein provision was higher. Improvements in forage utilization in response to postruminal protein supply may be due to N recycling, or other effects related to improved N status of the animal.
-
effect of level of rumen degradable protein and type of supplemental non fiber carbohydrate on intake and digestion of low quality Grass Hay by beef cattle
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: J I Arroquy, R C Cochran, T G Nagaraja, Evan C Titgemeyer, D E Johnson, T A Wickersham, M Villarreal, Donald A Llewellyn, D P GnadAbstract:Abstract Sixteen ruminally fistulated beef steers (BW=220±16 kg) were used to evaluate the interaction of non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) type and level of rumen degradable protein (RDP) supplementation on low-quality forage utilization. Steers given ad libitum access to a low-quality Grass Hay (51 g/kg CP, 762 g/kg NDF) were used in a 15 treatment, two period crossover experiment. Steers were subjected to two 24-day periods that included intervals for measuring intake and total fecal output, ruminal evacuation, and monitoring ruminal fermentation. Treatments were arranged as a 2×7 factorial plus an additional treatment which served as a negative control (i.e., no supplemental NFC or RDP). Treatments within the supplemented groups consisted of feeding one of two sources of NFC (starch or dextrose) at 3.0 g/kg of initial BW in combination with one of seven levels of RDP (casein; 0, 0.15, 0.51, 0.87, 1.23, 1.59, 1.95 g/kg of initial BW). Supplements were ruminally dosed once daily. No NFC type×RDP level interactions occurred for intake or digestion measure. Total digestible OM intake increased with increasing supplemental RDP, but at a decreasing rate (quadratic; P P P =0.17 and 0.18, respectively) were observed. Type of supplemental NFC did not affect forage, total or digestible OM intake. In response to increasing RDP supplementation, digestion of OM increased linearly ( P =0.03) whereas NDF digestion tended (quadratic; P =0.08) to increase initially but plateaued. When compared with the negative control, digestion of NDF was depressed ( P P
-
effect of a wide range in the ratio of supplemental rumen degradable protein to starch on utilization of low quality Grass Hay by beef steers
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: E A Klevesahl, J I Arroquy, R C Cochran, Evan C Titgemeyer, T A Wickersham, C G Farmer, D E JohnsonAbstract:Hereford×Angus steers were used in a 14-treatment, 2-period, crossover design experiment to examine effects of a wide range in the ratio of supplemental starch to rumen degradable protein (RDP) on low-quality forage utilization and ruminal characteristics. Steers were given ad libitum access to Grass Hay (4.9% CP, 42.4% ruminally degradable) and supplemented in a 2×7 factorial arrangement of treatments. All supplements were administered directly into the rumen and delivered one of two levels of ruminally degradable starch (cornstarch grits; 0 and 0.3% of initial BW) and one of seven levels of RDP (sodium caseinate; 0, 0.015, 0.051, 0.087, 0.123, 0.159, and 0.195% of initial BW). Supplementation with RDP increased consumption of forage OM, total OM, NDF, and digestible OM in a quadratic (P<0.01) fashion (intake increased and then declined). Starch supplementation depressed (P<0.01) forage OM and NDF intakes. In general, RDP supplementation elicited a positive quadratic response on NDF digestion (P=0.02). However, an interaction between supplemental starch and RDP level was observed (P<0.01) for NDF digestion. At the four lowest levels of supplemental RDP, starch supplementation substantially reduced NDF digestion, although for steers receiving the three highest levels of supplemental RDP, starch supplementation had little effect on NDF digestion. In contrast, neither the starch×RDP interaction nor the starch main effect was significant for OM digestion, which increased linearly (P<0.01) with supplemental RDP. Supplementation with RDP altered passage rate of acid detergent insoluble ash in a quadratic (P=0.05) manner that paralleled the intake response. However, liquid passage rate was not affected significantly. A decline in ruminal pH was associated (P=0.02) with increasing supplemental RDP and tended (P=0.07) to be associated with increasing starch, but it was not requisite for starch-induced depressions in NDF digestion. Ruminal NH3 concentration increased in response to increasing RDP, although the increase when starch was supplemented was less than that observed without starch (P=0.03). Supplemental starch generally elicited negative effects on low-quality forage intake and fiber digestion, but the effects on fiber digestion were overridden by adequate supplemental RDP. Supplemental RDP exerted a highly positive effect on consumption and digestion of this low-quality forage.
Ali Vaiz Garipoglu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
growth carcass and meat characteristics of karayaka growing rams fed sugar beet pulp partially substituting for Grass Hay as forage
Meat Science, 2005Co-Authors: M Olfaz, Nuh Ocak, Guray Erener, Ali Vaiz GaripogluAbstract:Abstract Twenty-one growing male Karayaka sheep were divided into three groups of seven at 12 months of age. All groups received a commercial feed (60%) and roughage (40%). One group received Grass Hay as roughage (control, C), the other two groups received a mixture in which 40 (0.40SBP) or 60% (0.60SBP) sugar beet pulp (SBP) was used in partial replacement of Grass Hay in the C group during 56 days. Dry matter (DM) intake and DM conversion index (kg DM per kg weight gain) of the C group were higher (P
-
growth carcass and meat characteristics of karayaka growing rams fed sugar beet pulp partially substituting for Grass Hay as forage
Meat Science, 2005Co-Authors: M Olfaz, Nuh Ocak, Guray Erener, Mehmet Akif Cam, Ali Vaiz GaripogluAbstract:Twenty-one growing male Karayaka sheep were divided into three groups of seven at 12 months of age. All groups received a commercial feed (60%) and roughage (40%). One group received Grass Hay as roughage (control, C), the other two groups received a mixture in which 40 (0.40SBP) or 60% (0.60SBP) sugar beet pulp (SBP) was used in partial replacement of Grass Hay in the C group during 56 days. Dry matter (DM) intake and DM conversion index (kg DM per kg weight gain) of the C group were higher (P<0.01) than that of the 0.40SBP and 0.60SBP groups. While the 0.60SBP increased (P<0.05) the L* of meat from the Karayaka young rams, the 0.40SBP or 0.60SBP decreased the ultimate pH (P<0.05) and cooking loss (P<0.01) compared to the C group. Means for redness (a*), yellowness (b*), Hue (H*) and Chroma (C*) and sensory characteristics indicated that there were no significant differences between dietary treatments. Inclusion of 60% SBP increased the palmitic (P<0.02) and linoleic (P<0.01) acid contents of the meat, it decreased (P<0.01) stearic, oleic and arachidonic acid contents compared to the C group. The 0.40SBP also increased (P<0.01) the linoleic acid content of the meat, but it decreased (P<0.01) stearic and arachidonic acid contents compared to the control. Although meat from young rams fed 0.60SBP diet had a higher value of lightness and linoleic acid, and a lower value of cooking loss than those from animals fed the C diet, sensory evaluation did not discriminate the meat from young rams fed with control and/or SBP diets. Therefore, Grass Hay can be replaced by 60% of SBP in the growing diet for Karayaka rams without a reduction in meat quality.
D E Johnson - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
effect of types of non fiber carbohydrate on in vitro forage fiber digestion of low quality Grass Hay
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2005Co-Authors: J I Arroquy, R C Cochran, T G Nagaraja, Evan C Titgemeyer, D E JohnsonAbstract:Abstract Two in vitro experiments were conducted to study the effects of supplemental non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) and fermentation pH on rate and extent of forage neutral detergent fiber (NDF) digestion by mixed ruminal microorganisms. A low-quality Grass Hay (53 g/kg CP and 761 g/kg NDF) that was finely ground served as the basal forage substrate. In Experiment 1, treatments were arranged as a 4 × 2 factorial in a randomized complete block design. The first factor consisted of supplemental NFC type: none (i.e., control, Grass Hay only), glucose, maltose, or soluble starch. The second factor was fermentation pH: adjusted (i.e., maintained at approximately pH 6.8) or non-adjusted (i.e., pH allowed to vary from an initial pH of 6.8 without interference). Treatments in Experiment 2 were arranged as a 4 × 2 factorial in a completely randomized design. The first factor consisted of supplemental NFC type: none (i.e., control, Grass Hay only), glucose, corn starch, and soluble starch. The second factor consisted of fermentation pH: adjusted or non-adjusted (the same as in Experiment 1). In both experiments NFC treatments were set such that the supplemental NFC supplied approximately 200 g/kg of the total substrate dry matter. In Experiment 1, an NFC type × pH interaction (P
-
effect of postruminal protein supply on the response to ruminal protein supplementation in beef steers fed a low quality Grass Hay
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: T A Wickersham, J I Arroquy, R C Cochran, Evan C Titgemeyer, D E Johnson, C G Farmer, E A Klevesahl, D P GnadAbstract:Abstract An experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of infusing protein postruminally on the utilization of low-quality Grass Hay by beef steers concurrently ruminally infused with increasing levels of protein. Twelve ruminally fistulated steers (361±8.2 kg BW) were used in a two-treatment, two-period cross-over design nested within a six treatment completely randomized experiment. Steers were allowed ad libitum access to a low-quality Grass Hay (53 g/kg CP, 717 g/kg NDF) for 17 days before and throughout the experiment. Each period of the experiment had five intervals: (1) 10 days adaptation to treatments; (2) 7 days measurement of intake and digestibility; (3) 3 days ruminal sampling; (4) 10 days ad libitum access to Hay only; (5) 7 days measurement of intake. Steers were supplemented in a 6×2 factorial arrangement of treatments. For the first factor, steers were dosed ruminally once daily with one of six levels of sodium caseinate (0, 0.29, 0.58, 0.87, 1.16, and 1.45 g/kg of initial BW) to simulate ruminally degradable protein supplementation. For the second factor, steers were infused postruminally once daily with one of two levels of sodium caseinate (0 and 0.87 g/kg of initial BW) via infusion lines anchored in the abomasum to simulate ruminally undegradable protein supplementation. Provision of protein ruminally resulted in a linear ( P ≤0.03) increase in Hay OM intake, total digestible OM intake (TDOMI), and OM digestion. Infusion of protein postruminally tended ( P =0.06) to increase Hay OM intake, and increased TDOMI, and OM digestion ( P ≤0.01). A trend to a ruminal protein level×postruminal protein interaction ( P =0.07) was observed for TDOMI, which was due to a lower response to the first increment of ruminal protein supplementation when steers received postruminal protein. A quadratic increase ( P =0.03) in NDF digestion occurred with increasing ruminal protein although, postruminal protein did not affect NDF digestion. Ruminal and postruminal protein supplementation improved forage utilization, but the response to direct ruminal protein provision was higher. Improvements in forage utilization in response to postruminal protein supply may be due to N recycling, or other effects related to improved N status of the animal.
-
effect of level of rumen degradable protein and type of supplemental non fiber carbohydrate on intake and digestion of low quality Grass Hay by beef cattle
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2004Co-Authors: J I Arroquy, R C Cochran, T G Nagaraja, Evan C Titgemeyer, D E Johnson, T A Wickersham, M Villarreal, Donald A Llewellyn, D P GnadAbstract:Abstract Sixteen ruminally fistulated beef steers (BW=220±16 kg) were used to evaluate the interaction of non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) type and level of rumen degradable protein (RDP) supplementation on low-quality forage utilization. Steers given ad libitum access to a low-quality Grass Hay (51 g/kg CP, 762 g/kg NDF) were used in a 15 treatment, two period crossover experiment. Steers were subjected to two 24-day periods that included intervals for measuring intake and total fecal output, ruminal evacuation, and monitoring ruminal fermentation. Treatments were arranged as a 2×7 factorial plus an additional treatment which served as a negative control (i.e., no supplemental NFC or RDP). Treatments within the supplemented groups consisted of feeding one of two sources of NFC (starch or dextrose) at 3.0 g/kg of initial BW in combination with one of seven levels of RDP (casein; 0, 0.15, 0.51, 0.87, 1.23, 1.59, 1.95 g/kg of initial BW). Supplements were ruminally dosed once daily. No NFC type×RDP level interactions occurred for intake or digestion measure. Total digestible OM intake increased with increasing supplemental RDP, but at a decreasing rate (quadratic; P P P =0.17 and 0.18, respectively) were observed. Type of supplemental NFC did not affect forage, total or digestible OM intake. In response to increasing RDP supplementation, digestion of OM increased linearly ( P =0.03) whereas NDF digestion tended (quadratic; P =0.08) to increase initially but plateaued. When compared with the negative control, digestion of NDF was depressed ( P P
-
effect of a wide range in the ratio of supplemental rumen degradable protein to starch on utilization of low quality Grass Hay by beef steers
Animal Feed Science and Technology, 2003Co-Authors: E A Klevesahl, J I Arroquy, R C Cochran, Evan C Titgemeyer, T A Wickersham, C G Farmer, D E JohnsonAbstract:Hereford×Angus steers were used in a 14-treatment, 2-period, crossover design experiment to examine effects of a wide range in the ratio of supplemental starch to rumen degradable protein (RDP) on low-quality forage utilization and ruminal characteristics. Steers were given ad libitum access to Grass Hay (4.9% CP, 42.4% ruminally degradable) and supplemented in a 2×7 factorial arrangement of treatments. All supplements were administered directly into the rumen and delivered one of two levels of ruminally degradable starch (cornstarch grits; 0 and 0.3% of initial BW) and one of seven levels of RDP (sodium caseinate; 0, 0.015, 0.051, 0.087, 0.123, 0.159, and 0.195% of initial BW). Supplementation with RDP increased consumption of forage OM, total OM, NDF, and digestible OM in a quadratic (P<0.01) fashion (intake increased and then declined). Starch supplementation depressed (P<0.01) forage OM and NDF intakes. In general, RDP supplementation elicited a positive quadratic response on NDF digestion (P=0.02). However, an interaction between supplemental starch and RDP level was observed (P<0.01) for NDF digestion. At the four lowest levels of supplemental RDP, starch supplementation substantially reduced NDF digestion, although for steers receiving the three highest levels of supplemental RDP, starch supplementation had little effect on NDF digestion. In contrast, neither the starch×RDP interaction nor the starch main effect was significant for OM digestion, which increased linearly (P<0.01) with supplemental RDP. Supplementation with RDP altered passage rate of acid detergent insoluble ash in a quadratic (P=0.05) manner that paralleled the intake response. However, liquid passage rate was not affected significantly. A decline in ruminal pH was associated (P=0.02) with increasing supplemental RDP and tended (P=0.07) to be associated with increasing starch, but it was not requisite for starch-induced depressions in NDF digestion. Ruminal NH3 concentration increased in response to increasing RDP, although the increase when starch was supplemented was less than that observed without starch (P=0.03). Supplemental starch generally elicited negative effects on low-quality forage intake and fiber digestion, but the effects on fiber digestion were overridden by adequate supplemental RDP. Supplemental RDP exerted a highly positive effect on consumption and digestion of this low-quality forage.
