The Experts below are selected from a list of 40371 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Manfred Birke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gemas cadmium distribution and its sources in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe original data versus clr transformed data
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2017Co-Authors: Manfred Birke, Clemens Reimann, Anna Ladenberger, Alecos Demetriades, Koen Oorts, U Rauch, Enrico Dinelli, Mateja Gosar, Fabian Jahneklingberg, Josip HalamicAbstract:Abstract Over 4000 agricultural and Grazing Land soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. The samples were collected in 33 European countries, covering 5.6 million km 2 at a density of 1 sample site per 2500 km 2 . All samples were analysed by ICP-MS following an aqua regia extraction. The European median Cd concentration is 0.182 mg/kg in agricultural soil and 0.197 mg/kg in Grazing Land soil (including eastern Ukraine). The Cd map demonstrates the existence of two different geochemical background regimes in northern and southern Europe, separated by the southern limit of the Quaternary glaciation. Cadmium shows two times higher background concentrations in the older and more weathered southern European soil than in northern European soil. The spatial distribution patterns of Cd in the collected soil samples are mainly governed by geology (parent material and mineralisation), as well as weathering, soil formation and climate since the last glaciation period. Locally, in several areas, the natural anomaly pattern is overprinted by anthropogenic emissions from former mining, ore processing and related metal industries. Some Cd anomalies can be attributed to urbanisation and the use of fertilisers. A comparison of the raw data Cd concentration map with its clr-transformed counterpart and selected single element ratio maps demonstrates that substantial additional information about sources and processes governing the distribution of Cd in agricultural soil at the European scale can be obtained. Results of a PCA, carried out following the classical approach (standardised) versus a PCA based on the statistically acceptable approach, using clr-transformed data, are quite comparable.
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use of gemas data for risk assessment of cadmium in european agricultural and Grazing Land soil under the reach regulation
Applied Geochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Manfred Birke, Clemens Reimann, Anna Ladenberger, Alecos Demetriades, Koen Oorts, U Rauch, Enrico Dinelli, Josip Halamic, Mateja Gosar, Fabian JahneklingbergAbstract:Abstract Over 4000 soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. Cadmium concentrations are reported for the
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gemas indium in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe its source and geochemical distribution patterns
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2015Co-Authors: Anna Ladenberger, Clemens Reimann, Alecos Demetriades, Manfred Birke, Martiya Sadeghi, Jo Uhlback, M Andersson, Erik JonssonAbstract:Abstract Indium is a very rare element, which is usually not reported in geochemical data sets. It is classified as a critical metal, with important applications in the electronics industry, especially in the production of solar panels and liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). Over 4000 samples of agricultural and Grazing Land soil have been collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project, carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. Indium concentrations in soil have been analysed using aqua regia extraction followed by ICP-MS. Median values of In for both Land use types are nearly identical, 0.0176 mg/kg for agricultural soil and 0.0177 mg/kg for Grazing Land soil. The spatial distribution patterns of In in European soil are mainly controlled by geology and the presence of Zn and Sn mineralisation. The preference of In to accumulate in the fine-grained fraction of soil with high clay content dominates the major anomaly patterns on the geochemical maps. In the Mediterranean region, secondary In enrichment is visible in karst areas. A notable feature of the In spatial distribution is the large difference between northern and southern Europe, with median values of 0.012 and 0.021 mg In/kg, respectively, suggesting that, in addition to lithology, weathering and climate are important factors influencing In soil enrichment over time.
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gemas spatial distribution of the ph of european agricultural and Grazing Land soil
Applied Geochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Clea Fabian, Clemens Reimann, Manfred Birke, Karl Fabian, Rainer Baritz, E HaslingerAbstract:Abstract During 2008 the GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural Soils (GEMAS) project collected 2108 agricultural (ploughed soil, Ap horizon, 0–20 cm) and 2023 Grazing Land soil samples (Gr, 0–10 cm) evenly spread over 33 European countries and covering an area of 5.6 million km2. The pH of all samples was determined by one single laboratory applying a 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction, and following a strict quality-control procedure. The resulting pH-value distributions for European Ap and Gr soil are both bimodal. Broad acidic modes, with pH between 4 and 6, and sharp alkaline modes, with pH between 7 and 8 due to the Ca2+ buffer system, are clearly separated. The European median pH is 5.8 for the GEMAS Ap soil samples and 5.5 for the GEMAS Gr soil samples. According to the pH distribution maps, Europe is separated into two main zones: northern Europe with generally lower pH values (Ap: 5.2, Gr: 4.8), dominated by acidic soils occurring in Fennoscandia, and southern Europe with higher pH values (Ap: 6.3, Gr: 5.9), dominated by carbonate rich soils. The separation line coincides with the southern border of the sediments of the last glaciation. The dominant factors controlling pH at the European scale are thus geology (crystalline bedrock) in combination with climate (temperature and precipitation). The GEMAS pH maps mainly reflect the natural site conditions on the European scale, whilst anthropogenic impact is hardly detectable. The GEMAS results provide a unique set of homogenous and spatially representative soil pH data for the continent. The data set defines a dependable continental-scale background, and offers the possibility to calibrate studies on more detailed scales.
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distribution of elements parameters in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe
Chemistry of Europe's Agricultural Soils – Part A: Methodology and Interoretation of the GEMAS Data Set, 2014Co-Authors: Clemens Reimann, Alecos Demetriades, Manfred Birke, M Andersson, Peter Filzmoser, P Oconnor, P Halamic, Maria Joao Batista, A Bellan, Domenico CicchellaAbstract:The GEMAS maps provide useful harmonised data for regional-scale bedrock (parent material) geochemical mapping and contribute to the geologist's knowledge about the average composition of the UCC. The GEMAS data are needed for evidence-based political decision-making in Europe. Apart from staisfying the EU REACH regulation on the chemical composition agricultural and Grazing Land soil, they will find applications in forensic science, medical geology, mineral exploration, and in further wide-ranging academic research. They can also be used as a data set for ground-thruting of remotely-sensed satellite observations that relate to soil composition. Last, but not least, they provide the farming community with a comparative database about soil quality, fertillity and the impact of certain farming practices at the European scale.
Clemens Reimann - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gemas cadmium distribution and its sources in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe original data versus clr transformed data
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2017Co-Authors: Manfred Birke, Clemens Reimann, Anna Ladenberger, Alecos Demetriades, Koen Oorts, U Rauch, Enrico Dinelli, Mateja Gosar, Fabian Jahneklingberg, Josip HalamicAbstract:Abstract Over 4000 agricultural and Grazing Land soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. The samples were collected in 33 European countries, covering 5.6 million km 2 at a density of 1 sample site per 2500 km 2 . All samples were analysed by ICP-MS following an aqua regia extraction. The European median Cd concentration is 0.182 mg/kg in agricultural soil and 0.197 mg/kg in Grazing Land soil (including eastern Ukraine). The Cd map demonstrates the existence of two different geochemical background regimes in northern and southern Europe, separated by the southern limit of the Quaternary glaciation. Cadmium shows two times higher background concentrations in the older and more weathered southern European soil than in northern European soil. The spatial distribution patterns of Cd in the collected soil samples are mainly governed by geology (parent material and mineralisation), as well as weathering, soil formation and climate since the last glaciation period. Locally, in several areas, the natural anomaly pattern is overprinted by anthropogenic emissions from former mining, ore processing and related metal industries. Some Cd anomalies can be attributed to urbanisation and the use of fertilisers. A comparison of the raw data Cd concentration map with its clr-transformed counterpart and selected single element ratio maps demonstrates that substantial additional information about sources and processes governing the distribution of Cd in agricultural soil at the European scale can be obtained. Results of a PCA, carried out following the classical approach (standardised) versus a PCA based on the statistically acceptable approach, using clr-transformed data, are quite comparable.
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Distribution of lithium in agricultural and Grazing Land soils at European continental scale (GEMAS project)
HAL CCSD, 2017Co-Authors: Négrel Philippe, Clemens Reimann, Ladenberger Anna, Birke ManfredAbstract:International audienceThe environmental chemistry of Li has received attention because Li has been shown to have numerous and important implications for human health and agriculture and the stable isotope composition of lithium is a powerful geochemical tool that provides quantitative information about Earth processes such as sediment recycling, global chemical weathering and its role in the carbon cycle, hydrothermal alteration, and groundwater evolution. However, the role of bedrock sources, weathering and climate changes in the repartition of Li at the continental scale have been scarcely investigated. Agricultural soil (Ap-horizon, 0–20 cm) and Grazing Land soil (Gr-horizon, 0–10 cm) samples were collected from a large part of Europe (33 countries, 5.6 million km2) as a part of the GEMAS (GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil) soil mapping project. GEMAS soil data have been used to provide a general view of element mobility and source rocks at the continental scale, either by reference to average crustal abundances or to normalized patterns of element mobility during weathering processes. The survey area includes a diverse group of soil parent materials with varying geological history, a wide range of climate zones, and Landscapes. The concentrations of Li in European soil were determined by ICP-MS after a hot aqua regia extraction, and their spatial distribution patterns generated by means of a GIS software.Due to the partial nature of the aqua regia extraction, the mean concentration of Li in the European agricultural soil (ca 11.4 mg/kg in Ap and Gr soils) is about four times lower than in the Earth's upper continental crust (41 mg/kg).The combined plot histogram - density trace one- dimensional scattergram - boxplot of the aqua regia data displays the univariate data distribution of Li. The one-dimensional scattergram and boxplot highlight the existence of many outliers at the lower end of the Li distribution and very few at the upper end. Though the density trace, histogram and boxplot suggest a slight skew, the data distributions are still rather symmetrical in the log-scale. The median values of the Ap and Gr samples do overlap, demonstrating they are not statistically different at the 5% significance level.The maps of Li in the aqua regia extraction show a distinct difference between northern Europe with predominantly low concentrations (median 6.4 mg/kg Li) and southern Europe with significant higher values (median 15 mg/kg Li). The maximum extent of the last glaciation is visible as a discrete concentration break on the maps. The principal Li anomalies occur spatially associated with the granitic rocks, Li-pegmatites and their weathering products throughout Europe, e.g. in the Central Sweden (Scandinavian Clay Belt) and in the western part of the Alpine Region (higher Li concentrations). Even the new Li-deposit near Wolfsberg, Austria is marked by a clear anomaly. Finally, high values occurring over limestone areas in southern Europe are due to secondary Li enrichment attributable to climatic conditions
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use of gemas data for risk assessment of cadmium in european agricultural and Grazing Land soil under the reach regulation
Applied Geochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Manfred Birke, Clemens Reimann, Anna Ladenberger, Alecos Demetriades, Koen Oorts, U Rauch, Enrico Dinelli, Josip Halamic, Mateja Gosar, Fabian JahneklingbergAbstract:Abstract Over 4000 soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. Cadmium concentrations are reported for the
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gemas indium in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe its source and geochemical distribution patterns
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2015Co-Authors: Anna Ladenberger, Clemens Reimann, Alecos Demetriades, Manfred Birke, Martiya Sadeghi, Jo Uhlback, M Andersson, Erik JonssonAbstract:Abstract Indium is a very rare element, which is usually not reported in geochemical data sets. It is classified as a critical metal, with important applications in the electronics industry, especially in the production of solar panels and liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). Over 4000 samples of agricultural and Grazing Land soil have been collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project, carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. Indium concentrations in soil have been analysed using aqua regia extraction followed by ICP-MS. Median values of In for both Land use types are nearly identical, 0.0176 mg/kg for agricultural soil and 0.0177 mg/kg for Grazing Land soil. The spatial distribution patterns of In in European soil are mainly controlled by geology and the presence of Zn and Sn mineralisation. The preference of In to accumulate in the fine-grained fraction of soil with high clay content dominates the major anomaly patterns on the geochemical maps. In the Mediterranean region, secondary In enrichment is visible in karst areas. A notable feature of the In spatial distribution is the large difference between northern and southern Europe, with median values of 0.012 and 0.021 mg In/kg, respectively, suggesting that, in addition to lithology, weathering and climate are important factors influencing In soil enrichment over time.
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gemas spatial distribution of the ph of european agricultural and Grazing Land soil
Applied Geochemistry, 2014Co-Authors: Clea Fabian, Clemens Reimann, Manfred Birke, Karl Fabian, Rainer Baritz, E HaslingerAbstract:Abstract During 2008 the GEochemical Mapping of Agricultural Soils (GEMAS) project collected 2108 agricultural (ploughed soil, Ap horizon, 0–20 cm) and 2023 Grazing Land soil samples (Gr, 0–10 cm) evenly spread over 33 European countries and covering an area of 5.6 million km2. The pH of all samples was determined by one single laboratory applying a 0.01 M CaCl2 extraction, and following a strict quality-control procedure. The resulting pH-value distributions for European Ap and Gr soil are both bimodal. Broad acidic modes, with pH between 4 and 6, and sharp alkaline modes, with pH between 7 and 8 due to the Ca2+ buffer system, are clearly separated. The European median pH is 5.8 for the GEMAS Ap soil samples and 5.5 for the GEMAS Gr soil samples. According to the pH distribution maps, Europe is separated into two main zones: northern Europe with generally lower pH values (Ap: 5.2, Gr: 4.8), dominated by acidic soils occurring in Fennoscandia, and southern Europe with higher pH values (Ap: 6.3, Gr: 5.9), dominated by carbonate rich soils. The separation line coincides with the southern border of the sediments of the last glaciation. The dominant factors controlling pH at the European scale are thus geology (crystalline bedrock) in combination with climate (temperature and precipitation). The GEMAS pH maps mainly reflect the natural site conditions on the European scale, whilst anthropogenic impact is hardly detectable. The GEMAS results provide a unique set of homogenous and spatially representative soil pH data for the continent. The data set defines a dependable continental-scale background, and offers the possibility to calibrate studies on more detailed scales.
Josip Halamic - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gemas cadmium distribution and its sources in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe original data versus clr transformed data
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2017Co-Authors: Manfred Birke, Clemens Reimann, Anna Ladenberger, Alecos Demetriades, Koen Oorts, U Rauch, Enrico Dinelli, Mateja Gosar, Fabian Jahneklingberg, Josip HalamicAbstract:Abstract Over 4000 agricultural and Grazing Land soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. The samples were collected in 33 European countries, covering 5.6 million km 2 at a density of 1 sample site per 2500 km 2 . All samples were analysed by ICP-MS following an aqua regia extraction. The European median Cd concentration is 0.182 mg/kg in agricultural soil and 0.197 mg/kg in Grazing Land soil (including eastern Ukraine). The Cd map demonstrates the existence of two different geochemical background regimes in northern and southern Europe, separated by the southern limit of the Quaternary glaciation. Cadmium shows two times higher background concentrations in the older and more weathered southern European soil than in northern European soil. The spatial distribution patterns of Cd in the collected soil samples are mainly governed by geology (parent material and mineralisation), as well as weathering, soil formation and climate since the last glaciation period. Locally, in several areas, the natural anomaly pattern is overprinted by anthropogenic emissions from former mining, ore processing and related metal industries. Some Cd anomalies can be attributed to urbanisation and the use of fertilisers. A comparison of the raw data Cd concentration map with its clr-transformed counterpart and selected single element ratio maps demonstrates that substantial additional information about sources and processes governing the distribution of Cd in agricultural soil at the European scale can be obtained. Results of a PCA, carried out following the classical approach (standardised) versus a PCA based on the statistically acceptable approach, using clr-transformed data, are quite comparable.
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use of gemas data for risk assessment of cadmium in european agricultural and Grazing Land soil under the reach regulation
Applied Geochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Manfred Birke, Clemens Reimann, Anna Ladenberger, Alecos Demetriades, Koen Oorts, U Rauch, Enrico Dinelli, Josip Halamic, Mateja Gosar, Fabian JahneklingbergAbstract:Abstract Over 4000 soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. Cadmium concentrations are reported for the
Anna Ladenberger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gemas cadmium distribution and its sources in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe original data versus clr transformed data
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2017Co-Authors: Manfred Birke, Clemens Reimann, Anna Ladenberger, Alecos Demetriades, Koen Oorts, U Rauch, Enrico Dinelli, Mateja Gosar, Fabian Jahneklingberg, Josip HalamicAbstract:Abstract Over 4000 agricultural and Grazing Land soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. The samples were collected in 33 European countries, covering 5.6 million km 2 at a density of 1 sample site per 2500 km 2 . All samples were analysed by ICP-MS following an aqua regia extraction. The European median Cd concentration is 0.182 mg/kg in agricultural soil and 0.197 mg/kg in Grazing Land soil (including eastern Ukraine). The Cd map demonstrates the existence of two different geochemical background regimes in northern and southern Europe, separated by the southern limit of the Quaternary glaciation. Cadmium shows two times higher background concentrations in the older and more weathered southern European soil than in northern European soil. The spatial distribution patterns of Cd in the collected soil samples are mainly governed by geology (parent material and mineralisation), as well as weathering, soil formation and climate since the last glaciation period. Locally, in several areas, the natural anomaly pattern is overprinted by anthropogenic emissions from former mining, ore processing and related metal industries. Some Cd anomalies can be attributed to urbanisation and the use of fertilisers. A comparison of the raw data Cd concentration map with its clr-transformed counterpart and selected single element ratio maps demonstrates that substantial additional information about sources and processes governing the distribution of Cd in agricultural soil at the European scale can be obtained. Results of a PCA, carried out following the classical approach (standardised) versus a PCA based on the statistically acceptable approach, using clr-transformed data, are quite comparable.
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use of gemas data for risk assessment of cadmium in european agricultural and Grazing Land soil under the reach regulation
Applied Geochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Manfred Birke, Clemens Reimann, Anna Ladenberger, Alecos Demetriades, Koen Oorts, U Rauch, Enrico Dinelli, Josip Halamic, Mateja Gosar, Fabian JahneklingbergAbstract:Abstract Over 4000 soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. Cadmium concentrations are reported for the
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gemas indium in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe its source and geochemical distribution patterns
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2015Co-Authors: Anna Ladenberger, Clemens Reimann, Alecos Demetriades, Manfred Birke, Martiya Sadeghi, Jo Uhlback, M Andersson, Erik JonssonAbstract:Abstract Indium is a very rare element, which is usually not reported in geochemical data sets. It is classified as a critical metal, with important applications in the electronics industry, especially in the production of solar panels and liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). Over 4000 samples of agricultural and Grazing Land soil have been collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project, carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. Indium concentrations in soil have been analysed using aqua regia extraction followed by ICP-MS. Median values of In for both Land use types are nearly identical, 0.0176 mg/kg for agricultural soil and 0.0177 mg/kg for Grazing Land soil. The spatial distribution patterns of In in European soil are mainly controlled by geology and the presence of Zn and Sn mineralisation. The preference of In to accumulate in the fine-grained fraction of soil with high clay content dominates the major anomaly patterns on the geochemical maps. In the Mediterranean region, secondary In enrichment is visible in karst areas. A notable feature of the In spatial distribution is the large difference between northern and southern Europe, with median values of 0.012 and 0.021 mg In/kg, respectively, suggesting that, in addition to lithology, weathering and climate are important factors influencing In soil enrichment over time.
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ce la and y concentrations in agricultural and Grazing Land soils of europe
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2013Co-Authors: Martiya Sadeghi, Anna Ladenberger, M Andersson, Paola Petrosino, Stefano Albanese, George Morris, Annamaria Lima, Benedetto De VivoAbstract:Abstract Ce, La and Y from agricultural (Ap) and Grazing Land (Gr) soils of Europe have been investigated using new geochemical data produced by the GEMAS (Geochemical mapping of agricultural and Grazing Land soils) project. Interpolated maps showing Ce, La, and Y distributions in Ap and Gr were generated using ArcView and classified with the concentration — area (CA) fractal method. The median values of the investigated elements show similar concentrations in Ap and Gr soils, while the median values obtained by XRF-total analyses are generally higher than those obtained by aqua regia extraction, ICP-MS (aqua regia). In general, high pH alkaline soils have higher REE concentrations while specific anomalies can often be correlated with known phosphate and REE mineralizations. The GEMAS and the topsoils media from the FOREGS (Forum of European Geological Surveys) Project databases are compared. FOREGS geochemical data shows larger extended anomalies, such as the European wide north–south division, which are difficult to attribute to local processes, while the GEMAS anomalies are spatially more restricted, and can be related to a number of more local factors (e.g., climate, geology, pH, clay content and presence of till).
Alecos Demetriades - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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gemas cadmium distribution and its sources in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe original data versus clr transformed data
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2017Co-Authors: Manfred Birke, Clemens Reimann, Anna Ladenberger, Alecos Demetriades, Koen Oorts, U Rauch, Enrico Dinelli, Mateja Gosar, Fabian Jahneklingberg, Josip HalamicAbstract:Abstract Over 4000 agricultural and Grazing Land soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. The samples were collected in 33 European countries, covering 5.6 million km 2 at a density of 1 sample site per 2500 km 2 . All samples were analysed by ICP-MS following an aqua regia extraction. The European median Cd concentration is 0.182 mg/kg in agricultural soil and 0.197 mg/kg in Grazing Land soil (including eastern Ukraine). The Cd map demonstrates the existence of two different geochemical background regimes in northern and southern Europe, separated by the southern limit of the Quaternary glaciation. Cadmium shows two times higher background concentrations in the older and more weathered southern European soil than in northern European soil. The spatial distribution patterns of Cd in the collected soil samples are mainly governed by geology (parent material and mineralisation), as well as weathering, soil formation and climate since the last glaciation period. Locally, in several areas, the natural anomaly pattern is overprinted by anthropogenic emissions from former mining, ore processing and related metal industries. Some Cd anomalies can be attributed to urbanisation and the use of fertilisers. A comparison of the raw data Cd concentration map with its clr-transformed counterpart and selected single element ratio maps demonstrates that substantial additional information about sources and processes governing the distribution of Cd in agricultural soil at the European scale can be obtained. Results of a PCA, carried out following the classical approach (standardised) versus a PCA based on the statistically acceptable approach, using clr-transformed data, are quite comparable.
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use of gemas data for risk assessment of cadmium in european agricultural and Grazing Land soil under the reach regulation
Applied Geochemistry, 2016Co-Authors: Manfred Birke, Clemens Reimann, Anna Ladenberger, Alecos Demetriades, Koen Oorts, U Rauch, Enrico Dinelli, Josip Halamic, Mateja Gosar, Fabian JahneklingbergAbstract:Abstract Over 4000 soil samples were collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. Cadmium concentrations are reported for the
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gemas indium in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe its source and geochemical distribution patterns
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2015Co-Authors: Anna Ladenberger, Clemens Reimann, Alecos Demetriades, Manfred Birke, Martiya Sadeghi, Jo Uhlback, M Andersson, Erik JonssonAbstract:Abstract Indium is a very rare element, which is usually not reported in geochemical data sets. It is classified as a critical metal, with important applications in the electronics industry, especially in the production of solar panels and liquid-crystal displays (LCDs). Over 4000 samples of agricultural and Grazing Land soil have been collected for the “Geochemical Mapping of Agricultural and Grazing Land Soil of Europe” (GEMAS) project, carried out by the EuroGeoSurveys Geochemistry Expert Group. Indium concentrations in soil have been analysed using aqua regia extraction followed by ICP-MS. Median values of In for both Land use types are nearly identical, 0.0176 mg/kg for agricultural soil and 0.0177 mg/kg for Grazing Land soil. The spatial distribution patterns of In in European soil are mainly controlled by geology and the presence of Zn and Sn mineralisation. The preference of In to accumulate in the fine-grained fraction of soil with high clay content dominates the major anomaly patterns on the geochemical maps. In the Mediterranean region, secondary In enrichment is visible in karst areas. A notable feature of the In spatial distribution is the large difference between northern and southern Europe, with median values of 0.012 and 0.021 mg In/kg, respectively, suggesting that, in addition to lithology, weathering and climate are important factors influencing In soil enrichment over time.
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gemas cobalt cr cu and ni distribution in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe
Journal of Geochemical Exploration, 2015Co-Authors: Stefano Albanese, Alecos Demetriades, Martiya Sadeghi, Annamaria Lima, Enrico Dinelli, Domenico Cicchella, Paolo Valera, Marco Falconi, Benedetto De VivoAbstract:Abstract In the framework of the GEMAS project, 2211 samples of agricultural soil (Ap, 0–20 cm, regularly ploughed fields), and 2118 samples from Land under permanent grass cover (Gr, 0–10 cm, Grazing Land soil) were collected across almost the whole European continent, at a density of 1 sample site/2500 km2, in accordance with a common sampling protocol. Among many other elements, the concentrations of Co, Cr, Cu and Ni in European soil were determined by ICP-MS after a hot aqua extraction, and WD-XRFS analytical methods, and their spatial distribution patterns generated by means of a GIS software. The presence of mafic and ultramafic rocks, ophiolite complexes and mineralisation, is widespread across the European continent, and seems to explain most of the variability of the elements studied in this paper. A large belt, north of the last glaciation maximum limit, is generally dominated by lower concentrations compared with central European and Mediterranean areas and to some areas in Northern Europe where higher Co, Cr, Cu and Ni values also occur. The application of the guideline value set for Cu and Ni by the EU Directive 86/278/EEC to the Ap soil samples of the GEMAS data set highlighted that at the continental scale the use of a unique reference interval is a tool of limited effectiveness; the lithological variation, occurring across a whole continent, generates changes in the geochemistry of soil, which cannot be accommodated by using a single reference interval even if it is very wide. The GEMAS data set should form the sound basis to set at the European scale the geochemical background reference intervals, at least, for regions sharing common lithological settings and a common geological history.
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distribution of elements parameters in agricultural and Grazing Land soil of europe
Chemistry of Europe's Agricultural Soils – Part A: Methodology and Interoretation of the GEMAS Data Set, 2014Co-Authors: Clemens Reimann, Alecos Demetriades, Manfred Birke, M Andersson, Peter Filzmoser, P Oconnor, P Halamic, Maria Joao Batista, A Bellan, Domenico CicchellaAbstract:The GEMAS maps provide useful harmonised data for regional-scale bedrock (parent material) geochemical mapping and contribute to the geologist's knowledge about the average composition of the UCC. The GEMAS data are needed for evidence-based political decision-making in Europe. Apart from staisfying the EU REACH regulation on the chemical composition agricultural and Grazing Land soil, they will find applications in forensic science, medical geology, mineral exploration, and in further wide-ranging academic research. They can also be used as a data set for ground-thruting of remotely-sensed satellite observations that relate to soil composition. Last, but not least, they provide the farming community with a comparative database about soil quality, fertillity and the impact of certain farming practices at the European scale.
