The Experts below are selected from a list of 44256 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Roger D Weiss - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Grit in patients with substance use disorders
American Journal on Addictions, 2016Co-Authors: Margaret L Griffin, Katherine A Mcdermott, Kathryn R Mchugh, Garrett M Fitzmaurice, Roger D WeissAbstract:Background and Objectives Grit is an emerging concept in positive psychology, defined as the ability to be persistent and focused in pursuit of long-term goals. This concept has received a great deal of interest recently because of its robust ability to predict success and well-being across a wide variety of domains. The study aim was to examine the clinical relevance of the construct of Grit among patients with substance use disorders. Methods Inpatients on a detoxification unit were enrolled from September 2013 to August 2015 (N = 673). Psychometric properties of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) were reported. We then examined sociodemographic and clinical variables that might be associated with Grit in this population. Results In this sample of patients with substance use disorders, the total Grit-S demonstrated strong psychometric properties. Grit-S scores were higher among older patients and those who were employed; scores were lower among those never married, diagnosed with a co-occurring psychiatric disorder, or who had used heroin during the past month, according to bivariate analyses. Grit-S scores remained associated with age, employment, and presence of a co-occurring psychiatric disorder in adjusted analysis. Conclusions and Scientific Significance This study provides initial support for the utility of the Grit-S among those with substance use disorders; this novel measure has not been previously reported in clinical populations. Research examining Grit prospectively is needed to determine whether the links between Grit and outcomes observed in other populations apply to patients with substance use disorders. (Am J Addict 2016;XX:1–7)
Angela L Duckworth - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the development of Grit and growth mindset during adolescence
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Daeun Park, Eli Tsukayama, Alisa Yu, Angela L DuckworthAbstract:Abstract Individual differences in Grit and growth mindset predict effort and achievement in the face of challenges, but little is known about how the two traits influence each other during adolescence. In the current investigation, we analyzed data on Grit and growth mindset collected from 1667 adolescents and their teachers on four occasions over 2 academic years. In autoregressive cross-lagged models, Grit predicted rank-order increases in growth mindset and growth mindset predicted rank-order increases in Grit. These findings suggest that during adolescence, Grit and growth mindset are distinct but mutually reinforcing.
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Development and Validation of the Short Grit Scale (Grit–S)
Journal of Personality Assessment, 2009Co-Authors: Angela L Duckworth, Patrick D QuinnAbstract:In this article, we introduce brief self-report and informant-report versions of the Grit Scale, which measures trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals. The Short Grit Scale (Grit–S) retains the 2-factor structure of the original Grit Scale (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007) with 4 fewer items and improved psychometric properties. We present evidence for the Grit–S's internal consistency, test–retest stability, consensual validity with informant-report versions, and predictive validity. Among adults, the Grit–S was associated with educational attainment and fewer career changes. Among adolescents, the Grit–S longitudinally predicted GPA and, inversely, hours watching television. Among cadets at the United States Military Academy, West Point, the Grit–S predicted retention. Among Scripps National Spelling Bee competitors, the Grit–S predicted final round attained, a relationship mediated by lifetime spelling practice.
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development and validation of the short Grit scale Grit s
Journal of Personality Assessment, 2009Co-Authors: Angela L Duckworth, Patrick D QuinnAbstract:In this article, we introduce brief self-report and informant-report versions of the Grit Scale, which measures trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals. The Short Grit Scale (Grit–S) retains the 2-factor structure of the original Grit Scale (Duckworth, Peterson, Matthews, & Kelly, 2007) with 4 fewer items and improved psychometric properties. We present evidence for the Grit–S's internal consistency, test–retest stability, consensual validity with informant-report versions, and predictive validity. Among adults, the Grit–S was associated with educational attainment and fewer career changes. Among adolescents, the Grit–S longitudinally predicted GPA and, inversely, hours watching television. Among cadets at the United States Military Academy, West Point, the Grit–S predicted retention. Among Scripps National Spelling Bee competitors, the Grit–S predicted final round attained, a relationship mediated by lifetime spelling practice.
Xun Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effects of abrasive Grit shape on grinding performance
2017 23rd International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC), 2017Co-Authors: Xun Chen, Lijun Li, Qiaoping WuAbstract:The quality of Grit in grinding wheel has predominate influence on the grinding wheel performance, such as wheel sharpness and wheel wear. This paper presents an investigation on the effect of difference Grit shapes on grinding force and Grit holding capacity. Some critical grinding behaviours are analysed in relation to Grit shapes to establish a foundation for Grit quality assessment. A desirable Grit shape is identified for better cutting efficiency and grinding wheel life.
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experimental investigation of material removal mechanism in single Grit grinding
International Journal of Machine Tools & Manufacture, 2012Co-Authors: Tahsin Tecelli Öpoz, Xun ChenAbstract:This paper presents an important investigation of material removal behaviour during single Grit grinding, which provides critical insight of grinding mechanics for improving grinding efficiency and quality. During the investigation, CBN Grits were used to perform scratch tests on En24T steel. Piles up ratio, chip removal strength, effective Grit engage radius are introduced to measure material removal performance. It has been discovered that Grit cutting edge shape has significant influence on ploughing and cutting actions. By comparing scratch tests using Grits with single edge or multiple edges, it has demonstrated that cutting is more efficient with single edge Grit. More ploughing actions appear in multiple edges scratches. Furthermore, material removal mechanism along a single scratch is investigated and found that material removal is more prominent at the Grit entrance side of the scratch compared to the Grit exit side of the scratch. The research findings provide critical information for grinding optimization.
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Process monitoring and metrology for single Grit grinding test performance
The 17th International Conference on Automation and Computing, 2011Co-Authors: Tahsin Tecelli Öpoz, Xun ChenAbstract:Single Grit scratch test may provide better understanding of complex material removal mechanism of grinding process on the micro scale. In this paper, evaluation of single Grit scratches was performed by utilizing monitoring and metrology devices. Particularly, AE and force sensors were used to monitor the process. AE sensitivity on material deformation was found comparable to force sensor sensitivity. High contact area interaction result in increase of AE raw signal amplitude. Grit cutting edge wear phenomena was also investigated under the digital microscope. Multiple scratches formation was observed in one rotation, due to Grit cutting edge wear. AE sensitivity on scratch tests and Grit wear are investigated in this paper to provide more insight into grinding process monitoring and material removal mechanism by single Grit approach.
Margaret L Griffin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Grit in patients with substance use disorders
American Journal on Addictions, 2016Co-Authors: Margaret L Griffin, Katherine A Mcdermott, Kathryn R Mchugh, Garrett M Fitzmaurice, Roger D WeissAbstract:Background and Objectives Grit is an emerging concept in positive psychology, defined as the ability to be persistent and focused in pursuit of long-term goals. This concept has received a great deal of interest recently because of its robust ability to predict success and well-being across a wide variety of domains. The study aim was to examine the clinical relevance of the construct of Grit among patients with substance use disorders. Methods Inpatients on a detoxification unit were enrolled from September 2013 to August 2015 (N = 673). Psychometric properties of the Short Grit Scale (Grit-S) were reported. We then examined sociodemographic and clinical variables that might be associated with Grit in this population. Results In this sample of patients with substance use disorders, the total Grit-S demonstrated strong psychometric properties. Grit-S scores were higher among older patients and those who were employed; scores were lower among those never married, diagnosed with a co-occurring psychiatric disorder, or who had used heroin during the past month, according to bivariate analyses. Grit-S scores remained associated with age, employment, and presence of a co-occurring psychiatric disorder in adjusted analysis. Conclusions and Scientific Significance This study provides initial support for the utility of the Grit-S among those with substance use disorders; this novel measure has not been previously reported in clinical populations. Research examining Grit prospectively is needed to determine whether the links between Grit and outcomes observed in other populations apply to patients with substance use disorders. (Am J Addict 2016;XX:1–7)
Marcus Crede - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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what shall we do about Grit a critical review of what we know and what we don t know
Educational Researcher, 2018Co-Authors: Marcus CredeAbstract:Grit is a construct that is widely studied by educational researchers and that has generally been enthusiastically received by educational practitioners. This essay highlights that many of the core claims about Grit have either been unexamined or are directly contradicted by the accumulated empirical evidence. Specifically, there appears to be no reason to accept the combination of perseverance and passion for long-term goals into a single Grit construct, nor is there any support for the claim that Grit is a particularly good predictor of success and performance in an educational setting or that Grit is likely to be responsive to interventions. I describe avenues for future research on Grit that may help to clarify if Grit can contribute to our understanding of success and performance. These avenues include examinations of possible configural relationships between passion and perseverance, whether Grit or Grit facets represent necessary but not sufficient conditions for performance, interactions between a...
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much ado about Grit a meta analytic synthesis of the Grit literature
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2017Co-Authors: Marcus Crede, Michael C Tynan, Peter D HarmsAbstract:Grit has been presented as a higher order personality trait that is highly predictive of both success and performance and distinct from other traits such as conscientiousness. This paper provides a meta-analytic review of the Grit literature with a particular focus on the structure of Grit and the relation between Grit and performance, retention, conscientiousness, cognitive ability, and demographic variables. Our results based on 584 effect sizes from 88 independent samples representing 66,807 individuals indicate that the higher order structure of Grit is not confirmed, that Grit is only moderately correlated with performance and retention, and that Grit is very strongly correlated with conscientiousness. We also find that the perseverance of effort facet has significantly stronger criterion validities than the consistency of interest facet and that perseverance of effort explains variance in academic performance even after controlling for conscientiousness. In aggregate our results suggest that interventions designed to enhance Grit may only have weak effects on performance and success, that the construct validity of Grit is in question, and that the primary utility of the Grit construct may lie in the perseverance facet. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
