The Experts below are selected from a list of 297 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Jie Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characteristics of schizophrenia suicides compared with suicides by other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorders and those without a Psychiatric Disorder
Schizophrenia Research, 2014Co-Authors: Juncheng Lyu, Jie ZhangAbstract:Abstract Background There has been much literature on schizophrenia, but very little is known about the characteristics of suicides with schizophrenia in comparison with the suicides with other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorders and without Psychiatric Disorders. Methods Thirty-eight suicides with schizophrenia, 150 suicides with other Psychiatric Disorder, and 204 suicides without a Psychiatric Disorder were entered in current study. Psychological autopsy (PA) was applied to collect information of the suicides. Social demographic factors and clinical characteristics of the suicides were measured. The well validated standard scales were applied: Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Landerman's Social Support Scale (DSSI), Dickman's Impulsivity Inventory (DII), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Suicide intents were appraised by the Beck Suicide Intent Scale (SIS). The SCID based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—IV (DSM-IV) was applied to assess the Psychiatric status of individuals. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, method of suicide and suicide intents of suicides were compared among the three groups (schizophrenia group, other Psychiatric Disorders group, and none Psychiatric Disorders group). Results There were 9.7% of suicides who suffered schizophrenia. The current study found that being female was the risk factor for suicides with schizophrenia in rural China, which was opposite to the previous studies. The suicides with Psychiatric Disorder scored higher on hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, but lower on social support and impulsivity than suicides without Psychiatric Disorder. The suicides with Psychiatric Disorder were less impulsive than none Psychiatric Disorders group, too. The schizophrenia group did not show more violence than other Psychiatric Disorders group. Conclusions This research compared the demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, method of suicide and suicide intents among the suicides with schizophrenia, with other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorder and without Psychiatric Disorders. The result indicated that each groups showed their unique characteristics, which gave us new viewpoints to control and prevent the prevalence of suicides according to their different characteristics.
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Characteristics of schizophrenia suicides compared with suicides by other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorders and those without a Psychiatric Disorder.
Schizophrenia research, 2014Co-Authors: Juncheng Lyu, Jie ZhangAbstract:There has been much literature on schizophrenia, but very little is known about the characteristics of suicides with schizophrenia in comparison with the suicides with other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorders and without Psychiatric Disorders. Thirty-eight suicides with schizophrenia, 150 suicides with other Psychiatric Disorder, and 204 suicides without a Psychiatric Disorder were entered in current study. Psychological autopsy (PA) was applied to collect information of the suicides. Social demographic factors and clinical characteristics of the suicides were measured. The well validated standard scales were applied: Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Landerman's Social Support Scale (DSSI), Dickman's Impulsivity Inventory (DII), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Suicide intents were appraised by the Beck Suicide Intent Scale (SIS). The SCID based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) was applied to assess the Psychiatric status of individuals. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, method of suicide and suicide intents of suicides were compared among the three groups (schizophrenia group, other Psychiatric Disorders group, and none Psychiatric Disorders group). There were 9.7% of suicides who suffered schizophrenia. The current study found that being female was the risk factor for suicides with schizophrenia in rural China, which was opposite to the previous studies. The suicides with Psychiatric Disorder scored higher on hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, but lower on social support and impulsivity than suicides without Psychiatric Disorder. The suicides with Psychiatric Disorder were less impulsive than none Psychiatric Disorders group, too. The schizophrenia group did not show more violence than other Psychiatric Disorders group. This research compared the demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, method of suicide and suicide intents among the suicides with schizophrenia, with other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorder and without Psychiatric Disorders. The result indicated that each groups showed their unique characteristics, which gave us new viewpoints to control and prevent the prevalence of suicides according to their different characteristics. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Juncheng Lyu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Characteristics of schizophrenia suicides compared with suicides by other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorders and those without a Psychiatric Disorder
Schizophrenia Research, 2014Co-Authors: Juncheng Lyu, Jie ZhangAbstract:Abstract Background There has been much literature on schizophrenia, but very little is known about the characteristics of suicides with schizophrenia in comparison with the suicides with other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorders and without Psychiatric Disorders. Methods Thirty-eight suicides with schizophrenia, 150 suicides with other Psychiatric Disorder, and 204 suicides without a Psychiatric Disorder were entered in current study. Psychological autopsy (PA) was applied to collect information of the suicides. Social demographic factors and clinical characteristics of the suicides were measured. The well validated standard scales were applied: Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Landerman's Social Support Scale (DSSI), Dickman's Impulsivity Inventory (DII), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Suicide intents were appraised by the Beck Suicide Intent Scale (SIS). The SCID based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders—IV (DSM-IV) was applied to assess the Psychiatric status of individuals. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, method of suicide and suicide intents of suicides were compared among the three groups (schizophrenia group, other Psychiatric Disorders group, and none Psychiatric Disorders group). Results There were 9.7% of suicides who suffered schizophrenia. The current study found that being female was the risk factor for suicides with schizophrenia in rural China, which was opposite to the previous studies. The suicides with Psychiatric Disorder scored higher on hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, but lower on social support and impulsivity than suicides without Psychiatric Disorder. The suicides with Psychiatric Disorder were less impulsive than none Psychiatric Disorders group, too. The schizophrenia group did not show more violence than other Psychiatric Disorders group. Conclusions This research compared the demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, method of suicide and suicide intents among the suicides with schizophrenia, with other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorder and without Psychiatric Disorders. The result indicated that each groups showed their unique characteristics, which gave us new viewpoints to control and prevent the prevalence of suicides according to their different characteristics.
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Characteristics of schizophrenia suicides compared with suicides by other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorders and those without a Psychiatric Disorder.
Schizophrenia research, 2014Co-Authors: Juncheng Lyu, Jie ZhangAbstract:There has been much literature on schizophrenia, but very little is known about the characteristics of suicides with schizophrenia in comparison with the suicides with other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorders and without Psychiatric Disorders. Thirty-eight suicides with schizophrenia, 150 suicides with other Psychiatric Disorder, and 204 suicides without a Psychiatric Disorder were entered in current study. Psychological autopsy (PA) was applied to collect information of the suicides. Social demographic factors and clinical characteristics of the suicides were measured. The well validated standard scales were applied: Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Landerman's Social Support Scale (DSSI), Dickman's Impulsivity Inventory (DII), Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Suicide intents were appraised by the Beck Suicide Intent Scale (SIS). The SCID based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV (DSM-IV) was applied to assess the Psychiatric status of individuals. Demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, method of suicide and suicide intents of suicides were compared among the three groups (schizophrenia group, other Psychiatric Disorders group, and none Psychiatric Disorders group). There were 9.7% of suicides who suffered schizophrenia. The current study found that being female was the risk factor for suicides with schizophrenia in rural China, which was opposite to the previous studies. The suicides with Psychiatric Disorder scored higher on hopelessness, anxiety, and depression, but lower on social support and impulsivity than suicides without Psychiatric Disorder. The suicides with Psychiatric Disorder were less impulsive than none Psychiatric Disorders group, too. The schizophrenia group did not show more violence than other Psychiatric Disorders group. This research compared the demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, method of suicide and suicide intents among the suicides with schizophrenia, with other diagnosed Psychiatric Disorder and without Psychiatric Disorders. The result indicated that each groups showed their unique characteristics, which gave us new viewpoints to control and prevent the prevalence of suicides according to their different characteristics. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Michael Marmot - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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work characteristics predict Psychiatric Disorder prospective results from the whitehall ii study
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Stephen Stansfeld, R Fuhrer, M J Shipley, Michael MarmotAbstract:OBJECTIVES: The impact of work on the risk of future Psychiatric Disorder has been examined in few longitudinal studies. This was examined prospectively in a large epidemiological study of civil servants. METHODS: In the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 6895 male and 3413 female London based civil servants, work characteristics measured at baseline (phase 1: 1985-8) and first follow up (phase 2: 1989) were used to predict Psychiatric Disorder measured by a 30 item general health questionnaire (GHQ) at phase 2 and phase 3 follow up (phase 3: 1991-3). Work characteristics and GHQ were measured at all three phases. RESULTS: Low social support at work and low decision authority, high job demands and effort-reward imbalance were associated with increased risk of Psychiatric Disorder as assessed by the GHQ at follow up adjusting for age, employment grade, and baseline GHQ score. CONCLUSIONS: Social support and control at work protect mental health while high job demands and effort-reward imbalance are risk factors for future Psychiatric Disorder. Intervention at the level of work design, organisation, and management might have positive effects on mental health in working populations.
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work characteristics and Psychiatric Disorder in civil servants in london
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 1995Co-Authors: Stephen Stansfeld, Fiona North, Ian R White, Michael MarmotAbstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE--To describe the association between self reported and externally assessed work characteristics and Psychiatric Disorder. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study, a cohort study of an employed population. SETTING--Twenty civil service departments in London. PARTICIPANTS--Altogether 6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years. MAIN RESULTS--High levels of subjective social support at work, control at work, job variety, and skill use were associated with greater satisfaction and wellbeing and less Psychiatric Disorder measured by the 30 item general health questionnaire (GHQ). High levels of subjective work pace and conflicting demands were associated with less satisfaction and wellbeing and greater Psychiatric Disorder. The combined effects of work characteristics were similar to the effects of the work characteristics considered separately, except that for men there was a small interaction between psychological demands and control on the GHQ. There was little overall support for the two factor job strain model. In contrast, objective indices of work were generally not associated with the psychological indices. Findings in men and women were generally comparable and were not significantly influenced by employment grade. CONCLUSIONS--Negative affectivity and a tendency to report negatively about both work and the psychological indices may partly explain the difference in the findings between subjective and objective work characteristics. However, subjective work characteristics were still associated with Psychiatric Disorder after adjusting for negative affectivity. The potential confounding effects of employment grade did not explain the association between either subjective or objective work characteristics and the psychological indices. While modifications to the work environment may directly reduce certain adverse physical health effects, the influence of work place design and management on psychological wellbeing, satisfaction, and Psychiatric Disorder may be mediated through subjective perceptions of the work environment.
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social class and minor Psychiatric Disorder in british civil servants a validated screening survey using the general health questionnaire
Psychological Medicine, 1992Co-Authors: Stephen Stansfeld, Michael MarmotAbstract:Major Psychiatric Disorder is more common in people of lower rather than higher socioeconomic status. This is less clear for the commoner, so-called minor Psychiatric Disorders, but these are more affected by tendency to report symptoms. To examine this the distribution of minor Psychiatric Disorder by employment grade measured by the 30-item General Health Questionnaire is reported from the first cross-sectional phase of the Whitehall II Study of 10314 London-based civil servants, men and women between 35 and 55 years. Validation of the GHQ in a random subsample stratified by grade and sex (N = 201) suggested that people in lower employment grades tend to under-report minor Psychiatric Disorder on the GHQ relative to those in higher employment grades. The prevalence of minor Psychiatric Disorder corrected by the coefficients from the validity study was greater in the lower employment grades than the higher employment grades particularly for men. This was echoed in grade differences in well-being measured by the Affect-Balance Scale, and in symptoms and recurrent health problems. Overall, for women there were few clear-cut differences in minor Psychiatric Disorder by employment grade. The lack of social class gradient in women suggests that further exploration should examine women's role at work and their personal lives for the aetiology of minor Psychiatric Disorder.
Olga G Troyanskaya - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Genome-wide landscape of RNA-binding protein target site dysregulation reveals a major impact on Psychiatric Disorder risk
Nature Genetics, 2021Co-Authors: Christopher Y Park, Jian Zhou, Aaron K Wong, Kathleen M Chen, Chandra L Theesfeld, Robert B Darnell, Olga G TroyanskayaAbstract:Despite the strong genetic basis of Psychiatric Disorders, the underlying molecular mechanisms are largely unmapped. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are responsible for most post-transcriptional regulation, from splicing to translation to localization. RBPs thus act as key gatekeepers of cellular homeostasis, especially in the brain. However, quantifying the pathogenic contribution of noncoding variants impacting RBP target sites is challenging. Here, we leverage a deep learning approach that can accurately predict the RBP target site dysregulation effects of mutations and discover that RBP dysregulation is a principal contributor to Psychiatric Disorder risk. RBP dysregulation explains a substantial amount of heritability not captured by large-scale molecular quantitative trait loci studies and has a stronger impact than common coding region variants. We share the genome-wide profiles of RBP dysregulation, which we use to identify DDHD2 as a candidate schizophrenia risk gene. This resource provides a new analytical framework to connect the full range of RNA regulation to complex disease. Genome-wide analysis of RNA-binding protein (RBP) target sites identifies a major role for RBP dysregulation in complex Psychiatric Disorders and implicates DDHD2 as a candidate risk gene for schizophrenia.
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genome wide landscape of rna binding protein dysregulation reveals a major impact on Psychiatric Disorder risk
bioRxiv, 2020Co-Authors: Christopher Y Park, Jian Zhou, Aaron K Wong, Kathleen M Chen, Chandra L Theesfeld, Robert B Darnell, Olga G TroyanskayaAbstract:Abstract Despite the strong genetic basis of Psychiatric Disorders, the molecular origins of these diseases are still largely unmapped. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are responsible for most post-transcriptional regulation, from splicing to translational to localization. RBPs thus act as key gatekeepers of cellular homeostasis, especially in the brain. Here, we leverage a deep learning approach to interrogate variant effects genome-wide, and discover that the dysregulation of RBP target sites is a principal contributor to Psychiatric Disorder risk. We show that specific modes of RBP regulation are genetically linked to the heritability of Psychiatric Disorders, and demonstrate that diverse RBP regulatory functions are reflected in distinct genome-wide negative selection signatures. Notably, RBP dysregulation has a stronger impact on Psychiatric Disorders than common coding region variants and explains heritability not currently captured by large-scale molecular QTL studies (expression QTLs and splicing QTLs). We share genome-wide profiles of RBP target site dysregulation, which we used to identify DDHD2 as a candidate schizophrenia risk gene, in a public web server. This resource provides a novel analytical framework to connect the full range of RNA regulation to complex disease.
Stephen Stansfeld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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The impact of the environment on Psychiatric Disorder.
2008Co-Authors: Hugh L. Freeman, Stephen StansfeldAbstract:Freeman, Stansfeld, Introduction. Tsuang, Stone, Johnston, Gene-environment Interactions in Mental Disorders: A Current View. Curtis, Geographical Perspectives on Psychiatric Disorder. Stansfeld, Weich, Clark, Boydell, Freeman, Urban-rural Differences, Socioeconomic Status and Psychiatric Disorder. Evans, Lepore, Psychosocial Processes Linking the Environment and Mental Health. Brugha, Stansfeld, Freeman, Social Support, Environment and Psychiatric Disorder. Bhui, Migration and Mental Health. Freeman, Housing and Mental Health. Stansfeld, Clark, Noise and Psychiatric Disorder. McGrath, Parker, Seasonality and Mental Health: Mood Disorders, Suicide and Schizophrenia. McFarlane, Psychiatric Morbidity Following Disasters: Epidemiology, Risk and Protective Factors.
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work characteristics predict Psychiatric Disorder prospective results from the whitehall ii study
Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 1999Co-Authors: Stephen Stansfeld, R Fuhrer, M J Shipley, Michael MarmotAbstract:OBJECTIVES: The impact of work on the risk of future Psychiatric Disorder has been examined in few longitudinal studies. This was examined prospectively in a large epidemiological study of civil servants. METHODS: In the Whitehall II study, a longitudinal, prospective cohort study of 6895 male and 3413 female London based civil servants, work characteristics measured at baseline (phase 1: 1985-8) and first follow up (phase 2: 1989) were used to predict Psychiatric Disorder measured by a 30 item general health questionnaire (GHQ) at phase 2 and phase 3 follow up (phase 3: 1991-3). Work characteristics and GHQ were measured at all three phases. RESULTS: Low social support at work and low decision authority, high job demands and effort-reward imbalance were associated with increased risk of Psychiatric Disorder as assessed by the GHQ at follow up adjusting for age, employment grade, and baseline GHQ score. CONCLUSIONS: Social support and control at work protect mental health while high job demands and effort-reward imbalance are risk factors for future Psychiatric Disorder. Intervention at the level of work design, organisation, and management might have positive effects on mental health in working populations.
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work characteristics and Psychiatric Disorder in civil servants in london
Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 1995Co-Authors: Stephen Stansfeld, Fiona North, Ian R White, Michael MarmotAbstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE--To describe the association between self reported and externally assessed work characteristics and Psychiatric Disorder. DESIGN--Analysis of questionnaire data collected from the first phase of the Whitehall II study, a cohort study of an employed population. SETTING--Twenty civil service departments in London. PARTICIPANTS--Altogether 6900 male and 3414 female civil servants aged 35-55 years. MAIN RESULTS--High levels of subjective social support at work, control at work, job variety, and skill use were associated with greater satisfaction and wellbeing and less Psychiatric Disorder measured by the 30 item general health questionnaire (GHQ). High levels of subjective work pace and conflicting demands were associated with less satisfaction and wellbeing and greater Psychiatric Disorder. The combined effects of work characteristics were similar to the effects of the work characteristics considered separately, except that for men there was a small interaction between psychological demands and control on the GHQ. There was little overall support for the two factor job strain model. In contrast, objective indices of work were generally not associated with the psychological indices. Findings in men and women were generally comparable and were not significantly influenced by employment grade. CONCLUSIONS--Negative affectivity and a tendency to report negatively about both work and the psychological indices may partly explain the difference in the findings between subjective and objective work characteristics. However, subjective work characteristics were still associated with Psychiatric Disorder after adjusting for negative affectivity. The potential confounding effects of employment grade did not explain the association between either subjective or objective work characteristics and the psychological indices. While modifications to the work environment may directly reduce certain adverse physical health effects, the influence of work place design and management on psychological wellbeing, satisfaction, and Psychiatric Disorder may be mediated through subjective perceptions of the work environment.
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social class and minor Psychiatric Disorder in british civil servants a validated screening survey using the general health questionnaire
Psychological Medicine, 1992Co-Authors: Stephen Stansfeld, Michael MarmotAbstract:Major Psychiatric Disorder is more common in people of lower rather than higher socioeconomic status. This is less clear for the commoner, so-called minor Psychiatric Disorders, but these are more affected by tendency to report symptoms. To examine this the distribution of minor Psychiatric Disorder by employment grade measured by the 30-item General Health Questionnaire is reported from the first cross-sectional phase of the Whitehall II Study of 10314 London-based civil servants, men and women between 35 and 55 years. Validation of the GHQ in a random subsample stratified by grade and sex (N = 201) suggested that people in lower employment grades tend to under-report minor Psychiatric Disorder on the GHQ relative to those in higher employment grades. The prevalence of minor Psychiatric Disorder corrected by the coefficients from the validity study was greater in the lower employment grades than the higher employment grades particularly for men. This was echoed in grade differences in well-being measured by the Affect-Balance Scale, and in symptoms and recurrent health problems. Overall, for women there were few clear-cut differences in minor Psychiatric Disorder by employment grade. The lack of social class gradient in women suggests that further exploration should examine women's role at work and their personal lives for the aetiology of minor Psychiatric Disorder.
