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Marek K Zdanowski - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a smelly business microbiology of adelie penguin Guano point thomas rookery antarctica
Science of The Total Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Jakub Grzesiak, Agata Kaczynska, Jan Gawor, Karolina żuchniewicz, Tamara Aleksandrzakpiekarczyk, Robert Gromadka, Marek K ZdanowskiAbstract:Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) are the most numerous flightless bird group breeding in coastal areas of Maritime and Continental Antarctica. Their activity leaves a mark on the land in the form of large Guano deposits. This Guano is an important nutrient source for terrestrial habitats of ice-free Antarctic areas, most notably by being the source of ammonia vapors which feed the surrounding grass, lichen and algae communities. Although investigated by researchers, the fate of the Guano-associated microbial community and its role in decomposition processes remain vague. Therefore, by employing several direct community assessment methods combined with a broad culture-based approach we provide data on bacterial numbers, their activity and taxonomic affiliation in recently deposited and decayed Adelie penguin Guano sampled at the Point Thomas rookery in Maritime Antarctica (King George Island). Our research indicates that recently deposited Guano harbored mostly bacteria of penguin gut origin, presumably inactive in cold rookery settings. This material was rich in mesophilic enzymes active also at low temperatures, likely mediating early stage decomposition. Fresh Guano colonization by environmental bacteria was minor, accomplished mostly by ammonia scavenging Jeotgalibaca sp. cells. Decayed Guano contained 10-fold higher bacterial numbers with cold-active enzymes dominating the samples. Guano was colonized by uric-acid degrading and lipolytic Psychrobacter spp. and proteolytic Chryseobacterium sp. among others. Several spore-forming bacteria of penguin gut origin persisted in highly decomposed material, most notably uric-acid fermenting members of the Gottschalkiaceae family.
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bacterial role in the decomposition of marine derived material penguin Guano in the terrestrial maritime antarctic
Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2005Co-Authors: Marek K Zdanowski, Magdalena J Zmuda, Iwona ZwolskaAbstract:Abstract Bacterial decomposition of Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) Guano was followed during 42 days exposure in a rookery in Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Bacterial abundance, both total counts (TC) determined by epifluorescence microscopy, and colony forming units (CFU) determined on nutrient media, was enhanced by an air temperature of between 7 and 11 °C, while temperatures above and below this negatively affected abundance. Optimal temperatures for Guano decomposition ranged from 3 to 11 °C. Increasing wind velocity positively influenced photoautotrophic bacteria (TAC: total autotrophic bacteria count); photoautotrophs were enumerated during epifluorescence microscopy by their autofluorescence. Guano dry weight attained the lowest value of 74% of initial dry weight after 20 days in situ exposure. Changes in Guano resulted from decomposition of the component fats, proteins, chitin, nitrogen and carbon, as well as of mineral recycling (Ca, P, Mg, and others). All transformations accompanied bacterial growth, with TC and CFU both attaining 1011 cells g−1 d wt of Guano. Total bacterial biomass (TBB) increased from 594 μg C g−1 dry weight in fresh Guano, to 9101 μg C g−1 dry weight after 42 days exposure in situ. Mean cell volume (MCV) also increased from 0.236 to 0.343 μm3. Photoautotrophic bacteria were numerically the smallest TC fraction throughout the incubation, with TAC to TC ratio ranging from 0.01 to 0.22%. Culturable bacteria abundance in Guano increased dramatically from 0.28% of TC (in fresh Guano) to 26% (3-h day), and 90% (42nd day) of TC. Within the total CFU population, copiotrophic bacteria were ca. two orders of magnitude more abundant than oligotrophic bacteria. Chitinolytic bacteria in Guano were detected only late in the incubation; by 42 days, >40% of the initial chitin content remained. This material may comprise a significant fraction of the soil in the penguin rookery. Bacteria cultivated from the penguin Guano displayed high morphophysiological diversity.
Liguang Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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geochemical evidence for the development of coral island ecosystem in the xisha archipelago of south china sea from four ornithogenic sediment profiles
Chemical Geology, 2011Co-Authors: Xiaodong Liu, Liguang Sun, Hong Yan, Yi Liu, Yuhan Luo, Jing HuangAbstract:Abstract Geochemical characteristics of four ornithogenic sediment profiles (GQ, GJ3, JQ and JY2) from Ganquan (GQ), Guangjin (GJ3), Jinqing (JQ) and Jinyin (JY2) coral islands in the South China Sea were analyzed. We noted clear differences in the distribution of organic matter (OM) and elements above and below the respective critical depths of 11 cm (GQ), 16 cm (GJ3), 9 cm (JQ) and 12 cm (JY2) in the four profiles, revealing an apparent change in sediment source materials. For all the sediment profiles, there were statistically significant positive correlations between TOC and P in the sediments below these critical depths, indicating that the composition of organic matter was predominantly derived from Guano. However, these positive correlations were significantly weakened above the critical depths, probably due to the increased contribution of plant humus to the organic matter. Our results suggest that the source materials of ornithogenic sediments have changed gradually from a two-component (coral sand, Guano) mixture to a three-component (coral sand, Guano and humus) mixture, likely indicating the slow development of vegetation following seabird occupation. Cu, Cd, Zn, P, As, Se and Ba, whose controlling factors are Guano input, were identified as a group of avian bio-elements in the Xisha Archipelago. The distributions of other mineral elements, such as Fe, Al, Ti, Mn and K, were mainly controlled by organic matter. Based on this integrated analysis of the geochemical characteristics of inorganic elements, we inferred that the compositional materials (coral sands, Guano and plant residues) were the key factors controlling the geochemical behavior of elements in the ornithogenic sediment profiles on the coral islands of the South China Sea. Seabird activities and vegetation development have significantly changed the original sediment structure and have exerted a positive impact on terrestrial production and soil development on the islands.
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distribution of radionuclides in the Guano sediments of xisha islands south china sea and its implication
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2010Co-Authors: Xiaodong Liu, Liguang Sun, Hong Yan, Yi Liu, Yi Luo, Jingfei Huang, Yuhong WangAbstract:Abstract Several natural and anthropogenic radionuclides ( 210 Pb, 226 Ra and 137 Cs) in Guano-phosphatic coral sediments and pure Guano particles collected from Ganquan, Guangjin, Jinqing and Jinyin Islands of the Xisha archipelago, South China Sea, were analyzed. The Constant Initial Concentration (CIC) model and the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model were applied for age calculation. The average supply rate of 210 Pb was 126 Bq m −2 a −1 , very close to the flux of northern hemisphere average (125 Bq m −2 a −1 ). The activities of anthropogenic radionuclides in the sediments were very low, indicating that human nuclear tests did not notably impact this region. The main source of radionuclides in the sediments was from atmospheric precipitation, and the organic matter derived from plant and produced by nutrient-rich Guano could further enhance them.
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nutrient compositions and potential greenhouse gas production in penguin Guano ornithogenic soils and seal colony soils in coastal antarctica
Antarctic Science, 2009Co-Authors: Renbin Zhu, Yashu Liu, Jianjun Sun, Liguang SunAbstract:We investigated nutrient composition and the potential for greenhouse gas production in Antarctic penguin Guano, ornithogenic soils and seal colony soils through a laboratory incubation experiment. Total organic carbon contents ranged from 0.2–14.7% and total nitrogen contents ranged from 0.05–3.60% across all the samples. Penguin Guano and the soils had the δ13Corg values of -28.4‰ to -22.8‰ and highly enriched δ15N values (8.28–35.51‰), indicating a rapid N cycling in local ecosystems. The mean CO2 and CH4 emission rates from penguin Guano were significantly higher than those from the soils under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The CO2-C/TOC rate indicated that the bioavailability of TOC was markedly higher in penguin Guano than in the soils. These soils showed higher N2O emission rates under anaerobic conditions, indicating that denitrification may be the major process in N2O emission. The CO2 and CH4 emissions have a significant correlation with TOC in both penguin Guano and the soils. Our results show that marine animal excreta are an important factor determining storage and composition of nutrients in coastal Antarctica, and that they may considerably affect current and future net fluxes of greenhouse gases in this region.
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greenhouse gas emissions from penguin Guanos and ornithogenic soils in coastal antarctica effects of freezing thawing cycles
Atmospheric Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Yashu Liu, Renbin Zhu, Jianjun Sun, Liguang SunAbstract:Abstract In coastal Antarctica, freezing and thawing influence many physical, chemical and biological processes for ice-free tundra ecosystems, including the production of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In this study, penguin Guanos and ornithogenic soil cores were collected from four penguin colonies and one seal colony in coastal Antarctica, and experimentally subjected to three freezing–thawing cycles (FTCs) under ambient air and under N 2 . We investigated the effects of FTCs on the emissions of three GHGs including nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ). The GHG emission rates were extremely low in frozen penguin Guanos or ornithogenic soils. However, there was a fast increase in the emission rates of three GHGs following thawing. During FTCs, cumulative N 2 O emissions from ornithogenic soils were greatly higher than those from penguin Guanos under ambient air or under N 2 . The highest N 2 O cumulative emission of 138.24 μg N 2 O–N kg −1 was observed from seal colony soils. Cumulative CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from penguin Guanos were one to three orders of magnitude higher than those from ornithogenic soils. The highest cumulative CO 2 (433.0 mgCO 2 –C kg −1 ) and CH 4 (2.9 mgCH 4 –C kg −1 ) emissions occurred in emperor penguin Guanos. Penguin Guano was a stronger emitter for CH 4 and CO 2 while ornithogenic soil was a stronger emitter for N 2 O during FTCs. CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes had a correlation with total organic carbon (TOC) and soil/Guano moisture (M c ) in penguin Guanos and ornithogenic soils. The specific CO 2 –C production rate (CO 2 –C/TOC) indicated that the bioavailability of TOC was markedly larger in penguin Guanos than in ornithogenic soils during FTCs. This study showed that FTC-released organic C and N from sea animal excreta may play a significant role in FTC-related GHG emissions, which may account for a large proportion of annual fluxes from tundra ecosystems in coastal Antarctica.
Renbin Zhu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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nutrient compositions and potential greenhouse gas production in penguin Guano ornithogenic soils and seal colony soils in coastal antarctica
Antarctic Science, 2009Co-Authors: Renbin Zhu, Yashu Liu, Jianjun Sun, Liguang SunAbstract:We investigated nutrient composition and the potential for greenhouse gas production in Antarctic penguin Guano, ornithogenic soils and seal colony soils through a laboratory incubation experiment. Total organic carbon contents ranged from 0.2–14.7% and total nitrogen contents ranged from 0.05–3.60% across all the samples. Penguin Guano and the soils had the δ13Corg values of -28.4‰ to -22.8‰ and highly enriched δ15N values (8.28–35.51‰), indicating a rapid N cycling in local ecosystems. The mean CO2 and CH4 emission rates from penguin Guano were significantly higher than those from the soils under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The CO2-C/TOC rate indicated that the bioavailability of TOC was markedly higher in penguin Guano than in the soils. These soils showed higher N2O emission rates under anaerobic conditions, indicating that denitrification may be the major process in N2O emission. The CO2 and CH4 emissions have a significant correlation with TOC in both penguin Guano and the soils. Our results show that marine animal excreta are an important factor determining storage and composition of nutrients in coastal Antarctica, and that they may considerably affect current and future net fluxes of greenhouse gases in this region.
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greenhouse gas emissions from penguin Guanos and ornithogenic soils in coastal antarctica effects of freezing thawing cycles
Atmospheric Environment, 2009Co-Authors: Yashu Liu, Renbin Zhu, Jianjun Sun, Liguang SunAbstract:Abstract In coastal Antarctica, freezing and thawing influence many physical, chemical and biological processes for ice-free tundra ecosystems, including the production of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In this study, penguin Guanos and ornithogenic soil cores were collected from four penguin colonies and one seal colony in coastal Antarctica, and experimentally subjected to three freezing–thawing cycles (FTCs) under ambient air and under N 2 . We investigated the effects of FTCs on the emissions of three GHGs including nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ). The GHG emission rates were extremely low in frozen penguin Guanos or ornithogenic soils. However, there was a fast increase in the emission rates of three GHGs following thawing. During FTCs, cumulative N 2 O emissions from ornithogenic soils were greatly higher than those from penguin Guanos under ambient air or under N 2 . The highest N 2 O cumulative emission of 138.24 μg N 2 O–N kg −1 was observed from seal colony soils. Cumulative CO 2 and CH 4 emissions from penguin Guanos were one to three orders of magnitude higher than those from ornithogenic soils. The highest cumulative CO 2 (433.0 mgCO 2 –C kg −1 ) and CH 4 (2.9 mgCH 4 –C kg −1 ) emissions occurred in emperor penguin Guanos. Penguin Guano was a stronger emitter for CH 4 and CO 2 while ornithogenic soil was a stronger emitter for N 2 O during FTCs. CO 2 and CH 4 fluxes had a correlation with total organic carbon (TOC) and soil/Guano moisture (M c ) in penguin Guanos and ornithogenic soils. The specific CO 2 –C production rate (CO 2 –C/TOC) indicated that the bioavailability of TOC was markedly larger in penguin Guanos than in ornithogenic soils during FTCs. This study showed that FTC-released organic C and N from sea animal excreta may play a significant role in FTC-related GHG emissions, which may account for a large proportion of annual fluxes from tundra ecosystems in coastal Antarctica.
Jakub Grzesiak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a smelly business microbiology of adelie penguin Guano point thomas rookery antarctica
Science of The Total Environment, 2020Co-Authors: Jakub Grzesiak, Agata Kaczynska, Jan Gawor, Karolina żuchniewicz, Tamara Aleksandrzakpiekarczyk, Robert Gromadka, Marek K ZdanowskiAbstract:Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) are the most numerous flightless bird group breeding in coastal areas of Maritime and Continental Antarctica. Their activity leaves a mark on the land in the form of large Guano deposits. This Guano is an important nutrient source for terrestrial habitats of ice-free Antarctic areas, most notably by being the source of ammonia vapors which feed the surrounding grass, lichen and algae communities. Although investigated by researchers, the fate of the Guano-associated microbial community and its role in decomposition processes remain vague. Therefore, by employing several direct community assessment methods combined with a broad culture-based approach we provide data on bacterial numbers, their activity and taxonomic affiliation in recently deposited and decayed Adelie penguin Guano sampled at the Point Thomas rookery in Maritime Antarctica (King George Island). Our research indicates that recently deposited Guano harbored mostly bacteria of penguin gut origin, presumably inactive in cold rookery settings. This material was rich in mesophilic enzymes active also at low temperatures, likely mediating early stage decomposition. Fresh Guano colonization by environmental bacteria was minor, accomplished mostly by ammonia scavenging Jeotgalibaca sp. cells. Decayed Guano contained 10-fold higher bacterial numbers with cold-active enzymes dominating the samples. Guano was colonized by uric-acid degrading and lipolytic Psychrobacter spp. and proteolytic Chryseobacterium sp. among others. Several spore-forming bacteria of penguin gut origin persisted in highly decomposed material, most notably uric-acid fermenting members of the Gottschalkiaceae family.
Xiaodong Liu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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quantitative analysis of arsenic speciation in Guano and ornithogenic sediments using microwave assisted extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry
Journal of Chromatography B, 2014Co-Authors: Chuangneng Lou, Wenqi Liu, Xiaodong LiuAbstract:Abstract Seabird Guano is one of the main sources of nutrient fertilizers in remote coastal island areas, but Guano-derived contaminants such as arsenic may cause serious threats to local ecosystems and public health issues. In this study, a new method was developed to analyze arsenic speciation in Guano and ornithogenic sediments. Good extraction efficiencies of As(III) (arsenite), DMA (dimethylarsinate), MMA (monomethylarsonate) and As(V) (arsenate) were obtained by using 1.0 mol L −1 orthophosphoric acid and 0.1 mol L −1 ascorbic acid, followed by microwave-assisted extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HPLC-HG-AFS) detection. Under the optimized conditions, the extraction efficiencies of four arsenic species were over 80%. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 9.60, 6.15, 6.34 and 2.93% ( n = 7), and the detection limits (μg L −1 ) were 0.82, 2.38, 1.45 and 2.31 for As(III), DMA, MMA and As(V), respectively. This method was successfully used to determine arsenic speciation in the Guano samples collected from the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea, and the results indicated that As(III) and As(V) were the dominant arsenic species in modern and ancient Guano, respectively.
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geochemical evidence for the development of coral island ecosystem in the xisha archipelago of south china sea from four ornithogenic sediment profiles
Chemical Geology, 2011Co-Authors: Xiaodong Liu, Liguang Sun, Hong Yan, Yi Liu, Yuhan Luo, Jing HuangAbstract:Abstract Geochemical characteristics of four ornithogenic sediment profiles (GQ, GJ3, JQ and JY2) from Ganquan (GQ), Guangjin (GJ3), Jinqing (JQ) and Jinyin (JY2) coral islands in the South China Sea were analyzed. We noted clear differences in the distribution of organic matter (OM) and elements above and below the respective critical depths of 11 cm (GQ), 16 cm (GJ3), 9 cm (JQ) and 12 cm (JY2) in the four profiles, revealing an apparent change in sediment source materials. For all the sediment profiles, there were statistically significant positive correlations between TOC and P in the sediments below these critical depths, indicating that the composition of organic matter was predominantly derived from Guano. However, these positive correlations were significantly weakened above the critical depths, probably due to the increased contribution of plant humus to the organic matter. Our results suggest that the source materials of ornithogenic sediments have changed gradually from a two-component (coral sand, Guano) mixture to a three-component (coral sand, Guano and humus) mixture, likely indicating the slow development of vegetation following seabird occupation. Cu, Cd, Zn, P, As, Se and Ba, whose controlling factors are Guano input, were identified as a group of avian bio-elements in the Xisha Archipelago. The distributions of other mineral elements, such as Fe, Al, Ti, Mn and K, were mainly controlled by organic matter. Based on this integrated analysis of the geochemical characteristics of inorganic elements, we inferred that the compositional materials (coral sands, Guano and plant residues) were the key factors controlling the geochemical behavior of elements in the ornithogenic sediment profiles on the coral islands of the South China Sea. Seabird activities and vegetation development have significantly changed the original sediment structure and have exerted a positive impact on terrestrial production and soil development on the islands.
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distribution of radionuclides in the Guano sediments of xisha islands south china sea and its implication
Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 2010Co-Authors: Xiaodong Liu, Liguang Sun, Hong Yan, Yi Liu, Yi Luo, Jingfei Huang, Yuhong WangAbstract:Abstract Several natural and anthropogenic radionuclides ( 210 Pb, 226 Ra and 137 Cs) in Guano-phosphatic coral sediments and pure Guano particles collected from Ganquan, Guangjin, Jinqing and Jinyin Islands of the Xisha archipelago, South China Sea, were analyzed. The Constant Initial Concentration (CIC) model and the Constant Rate of Supply (CRS) model were applied for age calculation. The average supply rate of 210 Pb was 126 Bq m −2 a −1 , very close to the flux of northern hemisphere average (125 Bq m −2 a −1 ). The activities of anthropogenic radionuclides in the sediments were very low, indicating that human nuclear tests did not notably impact this region. The main source of radionuclides in the sediments was from atmospheric precipitation, and the organic matter derived from plant and produced by nutrient-rich Guano could further enhance them.