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John S. Greenspan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of receptive oral sex and smoking on the incidence of Hairy Leukoplakia in HIV-positive gay men.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 1999Co-Authors: Caroline H. Shiboski, Deborah Greenspan, John Neuhaus, John S. GreenspanAbstract:Summary:We sought to determine whether Hairy Leukoplakia (HL), an Epstein-Barr virus-related oral lesion, is associated with receptive oral sex activity and cigarette smoking among HIV-positive gay men. Oral examinations were conducted every 6 months among San Francisco Men's Health Study participan
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Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in an HIV-negative woman with Behçet's syndrome
Oral surgery oral medicine oral pathology oral radiology and endodontics, 1995Co-Authors: Carl M. Allen, Morten Schiødt, Tove Nørgaard, John S. GreenspanAbstract:The first case of oral Hairy Leukoplakia in an HIV-negative patient with Behcet's syndrome is reported. The patient was a 47-year-old woman with bilateral lesions on the tongue. The clinic and histologic appearances were typical of Hairy Leukoplakia, and Epstein-Barr virus was demonstrated in the epithelial cells by DNA in situ hybridization. The patient had been on systemic steroid therapy for 15 years to control lesions of Behcet's syndrome. The literature now records 30 HIV-negative patients with Hairy Leukoplakia.
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Oral Hairy Leukoplakia unassociated with human immunodeficiency virus: Pseudo oral Hairy Leukoplakia
Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 1992Co-Authors: David A. Fisher, Troy E. Daniels, John S. GreenspanAbstract:Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (0HL) was first reported in 1984 by Greenspan et aU Since then it has become widely recognized as a stigma of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It most commonly affects the lateral tongue, but it has also been described on the buccal mucosa, floor of the mouth, soft palate, and oropharyruc2,3 Examination by in situ hybridization and other techniques have identified the presence of EpsteinBarr virus (EBV) in the lesions, but the earlier reports of the presence of human papillomavirus have not been corroborated.4, 5 The response of OHL to acyclovir would appear to confirm that it is associated with EBV.6,7 Green et al.8 reported 11 patients with the clinical and microscopic features ofOHL who were HIV antibody-negative and whose lesional biopsy tissue was negative for EBV DNA. They named this disorder pseudo Hairy Leukoplakia. We report a patient with the clinical, microscopic, serologic, and virologic findings of pseudo Hairy Leukoplakia.
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Significance of oral Hairy Leukoplakia.
Oral surgery oral medicine and oral pathology, 1992Co-Authors: Deborah Greenspan, John S. GreenspanAbstract:Since the original description of oral Hairy Leukoplakia among homosexual men in San Francisco in 1984, this white lesion of the tongue has been seen in the mouths of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. Its presence in HIV-positive persons usually but not always indicates fairly rapid progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Although the lesion appears to be common in HIV-positive persons, it is also, albeit rarely, seen in other conditions associated with immunosuppression. Epstein-Barr virus is associated with and presumably causes Hairy Leukoplakia, and the lesion offers insights into the biology of this ubiquitous DNA-oncogenic virus.
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differentiation associated expression of the epstein barr virus bzlf1 transactivator protein in oral Hairy Leukoplakia
Journal of Virology, 1991Co-Authors: Lawrence S Young, Martin Rowe, D T Rowe, Graham Packham, Deborah Greenspan, John S. Greenspan, Gerald Niedobitek, Fergus Shanahan, Alan B RickinsonAbstract:Abstract The BZLF1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a key immediate-early protein which has been shown to disrupt virus latency in EBV-infected B cells. We have generated a monoclonal antibody, BZ1, to BZLF1 which reacts in immunohistology, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation and which recognizes both the active, dimeric form and the inactive, monomeric form of the protein. Biopsies of oral Hairy Leukoplakia, an AIDS-associated lesion characterized by high-level EBV replication, were examined by immunohistochemistry using the BZ1 monoclonal antibody. A differentiation-associated pattern of BZLF1 expression was observed, BZ1 reacting with nuclei of the upper spinous layer of the lesion. This finding suggests that the BZLF1 promoter may be regulated by the degree of squamous differentiation. A comparison of in situ hybridization to EBV DNA and viral capsid antigen staining with BZ1 reactivity suggested that BZLF1 expression precedes rampant virus replication. The inability to detect EBV in the lower epithelial layers of oral Hairy Leukoplakia raises questions concerning the nature of EBV latency and persistence in stratified squamous epithelium.
Jean Thivolet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pseudo oral Hairy Leukoplakia in a renal allograft recipient
Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 1994Co-Authors: Sylvie Euvrard, Jean-louis Touraine, Jean Kanitakis, Claire Pouteil-noble, Yvette Chardonnet, Jean ThivoletAbstract:Abstract Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) is a disorder of the tongue associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). OHL is seen mainly in HIV infection but is also rarely seen in the course of iatrogenic immunosuppression, especially in kidney transplan tation; OHL is even more rarely seen in immunocompetent hosts. Lesions that clinically and histologically mimicked OHL but were not associated with EBV were recently characterized as pseudo Hairy Leukoplakia . We present such a case that occurred in a renal allograft recipient; light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization were used to examine the patient for the presence of EBV and human papillomavirus. Two independent treatments with topical retinoid and oral amoxicillin resulted in complete remission. Pseudo Hairy Leukoplakia may correspond, at least in some cases, to the conditions known as leukoedema and white sponge nevus; the distinction of these diseases from OHL is of importance because OHL is a hallmark of severe immunosuppression.
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Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in a HIV-negative renal graft recipient.
The British journal of dermatology, 1991Co-Authors: Jean Kanitakis, Sylvie Euvrard, Nicole Lefrancois, Claude Hermier, Jean ThivoletAbstract:Summary Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) is seen almost exclusively in patients infected with HIV. A case is reported of OHL occurring in a patient who was seronegative for HIV and who had a renal graft. This occurred following an increase in his treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.
Deborah Greenspan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Effect of receptive oral sex and smoking on the incidence of Hairy Leukoplakia in HIV-positive gay men.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 1999Co-Authors: Caroline H. Shiboski, Deborah Greenspan, John Neuhaus, John S. GreenspanAbstract:Summary:We sought to determine whether Hairy Leukoplakia (HL), an Epstein-Barr virus-related oral lesion, is associated with receptive oral sex activity and cigarette smoking among HIV-positive gay men. Oral examinations were conducted every 6 months among San Francisco Men's Health Study participan
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Significance of oral Hairy Leukoplakia.
Oral surgery oral medicine and oral pathology, 1992Co-Authors: Deborah Greenspan, John S. GreenspanAbstract:Since the original description of oral Hairy Leukoplakia among homosexual men in San Francisco in 1984, this white lesion of the tongue has been seen in the mouths of persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) worldwide. Its presence in HIV-positive persons usually but not always indicates fairly rapid progression to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. Although the lesion appears to be common in HIV-positive persons, it is also, albeit rarely, seen in other conditions associated with immunosuppression. Epstein-Barr virus is associated with and presumably causes Hairy Leukoplakia, and the lesion offers insights into the biology of this ubiquitous DNA-oncogenic virus.
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Progression to AIDS in HIV-infected homosexual and bisexual men with Hairy Leukoplakia and oral candidiasis.
AIDS (London England), 1992Co-Authors: Mitchell H. Katz, Deborah Greenspan, Janice Westenhouse, Nancy A. Hessol, Susan Buchbinder, Alan R. Lifson, Stephen Shiboski, Dennis Osmond, Andrew R. Moss, Michael C. SamuelAbstract:OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess the significance of HIV-related oral lesions in predicting the rate of progression to AIDS. DESIGN Cohorts were investigated prospectively, and oral examinations were performed by clinicians trained in the diagnosis of oral lesions. SETTING We studied three existing cohorts of homosexual and bisexual men in San Francisco, California, USA. PARTICIPANTS Of the HIV-infected men who received standardized oral examinations (n = 791), 603 were eligible for analysis of baseline examinations and 448 for analysis of follow-up examinations. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We determined time from presence of oral lesion at baseline or follow-up examination, or from participant self-reported history of the lesion, to diagnosis of AIDS. RESULTS Using proportional hazard regression and stratifying by CD4 lymphocyte count at the time of baseline oral examination, we found that the rate of development of AIDS was increased among men with Hairy Leukoplakia [relative hazard, 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2-2.7], oral candidiasis (relative hazard, 7.3; 95% CI, 3.1-17.3), and both lesions (relative hazard, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.6-6.1) compared with men with normal findings. On follow-up examination, stratifying for CD4 count, the rate of progression to AIDS was similar for those with Hairy Leukoplakia compared with those with oral candidiasis. The progression rate from oral candidiasis to AIDS was faster from presence on baseline examination than from presence on follow-up examination or from self-reported history of the lesion. CONCLUSION The presence of oral candidiasis and/or Hairy Leukoplakia on baseline examination confers independent prognostic information and should be incorporated into HIV-staging schemes.
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differentiation associated expression of the epstein barr virus bzlf1 transactivator protein in oral Hairy Leukoplakia
Journal of Virology, 1991Co-Authors: Lawrence S Young, Martin Rowe, D T Rowe, Graham Packham, Deborah Greenspan, John S. Greenspan, Gerald Niedobitek, Fergus Shanahan, Alan B RickinsonAbstract:Abstract The BZLF1 protein of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a key immediate-early protein which has been shown to disrupt virus latency in EBV-infected B cells. We have generated a monoclonal antibody, BZ1, to BZLF1 which reacts in immunohistology, immunoblotting, and immunoprecipitation and which recognizes both the active, dimeric form and the inactive, monomeric form of the protein. Biopsies of oral Hairy Leukoplakia, an AIDS-associated lesion characterized by high-level EBV replication, were examined by immunohistochemistry using the BZ1 monoclonal antibody. A differentiation-associated pattern of BZLF1 expression was observed, BZ1 reacting with nuclei of the upper spinous layer of the lesion. This finding suggests that the BZLF1 promoter may be regulated by the degree of squamous differentiation. A comparison of in situ hybridization to EBV DNA and viral capsid antigen staining with BZ1 reactivity suggested that BZLF1 expression precedes rampant virus replication. The inability to detect EBV in the lower epithelial layers of oral Hairy Leukoplakia raises questions concerning the nature of EBV latency and persistence in stratified squamous epithelium.
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Risk factors for rapid progression from Hairy Leukoplakia to AIDS: a nested case-control study.
Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes, 1991Co-Authors: Deborah Greenspan, John S. Greenspan, Harry Hollander, Overby G, Donald I. Abrams, L. A. Macphail, Borowsky C, David W. FeigalAbstract:To determine risk factors for early progression from oral Hairy Leukoplakia to AIDS, this case-control study compared 27 patients who had not progressed to AIDS within 1,000 days of diagnosis of Hairy Leukoplakia with 28 patients who progressed rapidly. The risk factors that proved most predictive fell into two categories: (a) those reflecting sexual practices that correlated with how early in the epidemic patients were likely to have been infected, and (b) those reflecting immune competence. Hepatitis B was associated with a fourfold risk for early progression and syphilis with a nearly threefold risk. Skin test anergy for Candida species was strikingly predictive: all of 17 tested in the early progression group were anergic, compared with only two of 12 tested in the late progression group. Although skin testing has been largely supplanted by assessment of T-cell subsets, Candida species skin testing may be of particular prognostic value in otherwise apparently healthy HIV-infected persons.
Sylvie Euvrard - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pseudo oral Hairy Leukoplakia in a renal allograft recipient
Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 1994Co-Authors: Sylvie Euvrard, Jean-louis Touraine, Jean Kanitakis, Claire Pouteil-noble, Yvette Chardonnet, Jean ThivoletAbstract:Abstract Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) is a disorder of the tongue associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). OHL is seen mainly in HIV infection but is also rarely seen in the course of iatrogenic immunosuppression, especially in kidney transplan tation; OHL is even more rarely seen in immunocompetent hosts. Lesions that clinically and histologically mimicked OHL but were not associated with EBV were recently characterized as pseudo Hairy Leukoplakia . We present such a case that occurred in a renal allograft recipient; light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization were used to examine the patient for the presence of EBV and human papillomavirus. Two independent treatments with topical retinoid and oral amoxicillin resulted in complete remission. Pseudo Hairy Leukoplakia may correspond, at least in some cases, to the conditions known as leukoedema and white sponge nevus; the distinction of these diseases from OHL is of importance because OHL is a hallmark of severe immunosuppression.
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Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in a HIV-negative renal graft recipient.
The British journal of dermatology, 1991Co-Authors: Jean Kanitakis, Sylvie Euvrard, Nicole Lefrancois, Claude Hermier, Jean ThivoletAbstract:Summary Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) is seen almost exclusively in patients infected with HIV. A case is reported of OHL occurring in a patient who was seronegative for HIV and who had a renal graft. This occurred following an increase in his treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.
Jean Kanitakis - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pseudo oral Hairy Leukoplakia in a renal allograft recipient
Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 1994Co-Authors: Sylvie Euvrard, Jean-louis Touraine, Jean Kanitakis, Claire Pouteil-noble, Yvette Chardonnet, Jean ThivoletAbstract:Abstract Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) is a disorder of the tongue associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). OHL is seen mainly in HIV infection but is also rarely seen in the course of iatrogenic immunosuppression, especially in kidney transplan tation; OHL is even more rarely seen in immunocompetent hosts. Lesions that clinically and histologically mimicked OHL but were not associated with EBV were recently characterized as pseudo Hairy Leukoplakia . We present such a case that occurred in a renal allograft recipient; light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization were used to examine the patient for the presence of EBV and human papillomavirus. Two independent treatments with topical retinoid and oral amoxicillin resulted in complete remission. Pseudo Hairy Leukoplakia may correspond, at least in some cases, to the conditions known as leukoedema and white sponge nevus; the distinction of these diseases from OHL is of importance because OHL is a hallmark of severe immunosuppression.
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Oral Hairy Leukoplakia in a HIV-negative renal graft recipient.
The British journal of dermatology, 1991Co-Authors: Jean Kanitakis, Sylvie Euvrard, Nicole Lefrancois, Claude Hermier, Jean ThivoletAbstract:Summary Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL) is seen almost exclusively in patients infected with HIV. A case is reported of OHL occurring in a patient who was seronegative for HIV and who had a renal graft. This occurred following an increase in his treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.
