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Claire Lefebvre - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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chapter 3 coordinating constructions in fongbe with reference to Haitian Creole
2015Co-Authors: Claire LefebvreAbstract:This chapter discusses coordinating constructions in Fongbe and in Haitian Creole. In Fongbe, clausal conjunctions also serve as complementizers. In both their functions these lexical items introduce tensed clauses only. They are thus marked as [+tense]. This explains why they cannot be used to coordinate NPs. In Fongbe, there is no conjunction of NPs. Coordination of NPs is achieved, so to speak, by means of a circumposition ‘with…with’. The last part of the chapter shows that, from a typological point of view, Haitian Creole is like Fongbe. It has a [+tense] clausal conjunction that cannot be used to conjoin NPs. In this language, as well, the so-called coordination of NPs is achieved by means of a preposition meaning ‘with’.
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chapter 2 the nominal structures of saramaccan fongbe and english with reference to Haitian Creole
2015Co-Authors: Claire LefebvreAbstract:This chapter proposes a comparison of the properties of the definite determiners of Saramaccan (with some reference to Haitian), with those of Fongbe and English. The definite determiners per se, the category Number, the demonstrative terms and the possessive phrases are discussed in turn. It is shown that, except for word order, the detailed properties of the definite determiners that participate in the nominal structure of Saramaccan parallel in a remarkable way those that participate in the nominal structure of Fongbe. Early Saramaccan data from Wietz (1805) are also presented showing that the synchronic properties of the definite determiners of Saramaccan were already established in the early Creole.
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a comparison of the nominal structures of saramaccan fongbe and english with reference to Haitian Creole implications for a relabelling based account of Creole genesis
Lingua, 2013Co-Authors: Claire LefebvreAbstract:Abstract This paper proposes a comparison of the properties of the definite determiners of Fongbe and Saramaccan. The definite determiners per se, the category Number, the demonstrative terms and the possessive phrases are discussed in turn. It is shown that, except for word order, the detailed properties of the definite determiners that participate in the nominal structure of Saramaccan parallel in a remarkable way those that participate in the nominal structure of Fongbe. Early Saramaccan data from Wietz (1805) are also presented showing that the synchronic properties of the definite determiners of Saramaccan were already established in the early Creole. Considering the discrepancy in word order between Saramaccan and Fongbe, as well as the similarity in word order between Saramaccan and English, a revised account of how word order is established in Creole genesis is proposed.
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coordinating constructions in fongbe with reference to Haitian Creole
2004Co-Authors: Claire LefebvreAbstract:This article bears on coordinating constructions in Fongbe (Kwa, Benin) and in Haitian Creole. The paper concentrates on the clausal conjunctions bO & bo, which can also function as complementisers, and on the so-called NP conjunction made up of two lexical items: kpodo...kpo 'with...with'. It is shown that, to a large extent, the properties of the Haitian clausal conjunction (e)pi and those of the so-called NP coordinator (kol)ak are similar to those of the corresponding items in Fongbe and that therefore, these properties must have been inherited from Fongbe.
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the relexification account of Creole genesis the case of Haitian Creole
2004Co-Authors: Claire LefebvreAbstract:This chapter consists of a summary of Lefebvre's Creole Genesis and the Acquisition of Grammar: the Case of Haitian Creole published by Cambridge University Press in 1998. It provides an account of the genesis of Creole languages cast within the framework of the processes otherwise known to play a role in the formation of new languages and in language change in general. Three major processes are considered: relexification, reanalysis and levelling.
Kurt Kroenke - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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capsule commentary on marc et al reliability and validity of the Haitian Creole phq 9
Journal of General Internal Medicine, 2014Co-Authors: Kurt KroenkeAbstract:This study by Marc et al.1 developed and tested a Haitian-Creole translation of the PHQ-9 in men who have sex with men (MSM) living in the Republic of Haiti. The investigators demonstrated unidimensionality of the translated PHQ-9, moderately high internal consistency reliability (α=0.78), preliminary evidence of construct validity (i.e., greater depression in HIV-positive subjects), and no evidence of differential item functioning (DIF) across age, education, sexual orientation or HIV status.
Rachelle Charlier Doucet - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the real Haitian Creole ideology metalinguistics and orthographic choice
American Ethnologist, 1994Co-Authors: Bambi B Schieffelin, Rachelle Charlier DoucetAbstract:In this article, we examine the cultural categories and the conceptual logic that underlie the orthography debates about kreybl that have taken place over the last 50 years.1 In Haiti, as in many countries concerned with nation building, the development of an orthography for vernacular literacy has been neither a neutral activity nor simply about how to mechanically reduce a spoken language to written form. The processes of transforming a spoken language to written form have often been viewed as scientific, arbitrary, or unproblematic.2 However, the creation of supposedly arbitrary sound/sign (signified/signifier) relationships that constitute an orthography always involves choices based on someone's idea of what is important. This process of representing the sounds of language in written form is thus an activity deeply grounded in frameworks of value. We suggest that arguments about orthography reflect competing concerns about representations of Haitianness at the national and international level, that is, how speakers wish to define themselves to each other, as well as to represent themselves as a nation. Because acceptance of an orthography is based more often on political and social considerations than on linguistic or pedagogical factors, orthographic debates are rich sites for investigating competing nationalist discourses. To draw on Anderson's (1983) evocative notion, orthographic choice is really about "imagining" the past and the future of a community. To understand the symbolic importance of the decisions taken in standardizing kreyol orthography, we have focused on the interconnectedness of speech practices, language ideologies, and nationalist agendas. We draw on Silverstein's notion of linguistic ideologies, which are "sets of beliefs about language articulated by users as a rationalization or justification of perceived language structure and use" (1979:193). Language ideology is the mediated link between social structures and forms of talk, standing in dialectical relation with, and thus significantly influencing, social, discursive, and linguistic practices. Research on language ideology is a bridge between language structure and language politics, as well as between linguistic and social theory (Woolard 1992:235-236). Language ideologies are likely places to This article analyzes competing representations of kreybl and the symbolic importance of decisions taken in standardizing a kreyol orthography. Kreybl, which educated Haitians claim to share with the masses, is an enduring symbol of Haitian identity, yet the image of this language is deeply contested in several arenas. Linking language ideology, in particular metalinguistic terms that refer to varieties of spoken kreybl, to orthographic choice, we view the debates as part of a nationalist discourse about Haitianness-what is authentic and legitimate-and examine the role of language in national identity formation. [Haitian Creole, language ideology, metalinguistics, orthography, national identity]
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the real Haitian Creole metalinguistics and orthographic choice
Pragmatics, 1992Co-Authors: Bambi B Schieffelin, Rachelle Charlier DoucetAbstract:Language can be examined as a rich resource for understanding the ways in which speakers represent themselves, how they represent others, and how they are represented by others. In this paper we explore a set of language beliefs in conjunction with language practices of Kreydl speakeis. We are interested in how metalinguistic telms used by Haitians regarding varieties of spoken Kreydl manifest themselves in debates regarding which orthography best repreients the language. This is followed by an analysis of competing orthographies in teims of how tt "y rnit" the language looi and which sounds are.given graphirepresentation. We view the pro..r, of Jreiting an orthography for Kreydl not is u n"utril activity which simply reduces an oral language to witten form, but as an important symbolic vehicle for'representing its speak"ers In terms of national and international identity. We propose thai conteste-d orthographies be viewed as sites of contested identities iather ittun ur neutral academic or fnguistic arguments without political, social or educational consequences. We suggest that the debates regarding the sounds of Kreydl as well as how those sounds should be written are about different representations of its speakers. These different arguments and the
Flore Zephir - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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challenges and opportunities for Haitian Creole in the educational system of post earthquake haiti
International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 2015Co-Authors: Flore ZephirAbstract:A critical question that has recently surfaced in the discourse of reconstruction in Haiti is the role that the education system will have to play in creating new generations of educated citizens for a new post-earthquake Haitian society. Central to discussions about the educational system is the "thorny" language question. Should the language of instruction in the school system continue to be French or should it be Haitian Creole? The present research note examines the relationship between French and Creole in Haiti since colonial times and the resulting linguistic ideologies that have developed over time. In addition, it reviews the various promising developments that have taken place in the educational system both before and after the earthquake, and ends with a discussion of future challenges.
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challenges for multicultural education sociolinguistic parallels between african american english and Haitian Creole
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1999Co-Authors: Flore ZephirAbstract:The following article looks at the issue of Black native languages in the educational system in the context of curricular reforms emanating from the multicultural education movement. It examines how multicultural education has dealt with the needs and concerns of African Americans and Haitians. I first look at well-publicised African American and Haitian educational events that demonstrate that the native languages of these two particular groups are not perceived as legitimate modes of expression worthy of being vehicles of instruction in the educational system. These include the King case in Ann Arbor, Michigan; the 'Ebonics' Issue in Oakland; and the Haitian class action lawsuit in New York. Second, I look at a number of educational indices that point to the lack of academic achievement on the part of these particular students, thus persuasively suggesting that the schools are failing to provide them with a meaningful education that can prepare them for academic success. Third, I will briefly review the...
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Haitian Creole language and bilingual education in the united states problem right or resource
Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 1997Co-Authors: Flore ZephirAbstract:This article looks specifically at the issue of a meaningful education for Creole-speaking students, particularly the Haitians, in the context of US bilingual programmes. In particular,it addresses the centralquestion of how the home language,thatis the Creole language, is used in the school system and what value is attached to it in an attempt to provide this particular group of students with effective instruction. Are the needs of Creole-speaking students being addressed by the schools? Are they being empowered to succeed? By looking at the Creole language as a strong marker of ethnicity for this particular group, it argues that this language has a rightful place in the educational system, and should no longer be perceived as a source of problems. It is the language that keeps the Creole-speaking children connected to their roots and gives them a sense of pride necessary to succeed and reach their full human potential. The article urges educators not to misclassify Creole-speaking students as African Am...
Benjamin Hebblethwaite - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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corrections on the history and design of Haitian Creole scrabble
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 2015Co-Authors: Benjamin HebblethwaiteAbstract:Additional comments to Hebbletwhaite " Scrabble as a tool for Haitian Creole literacy ." in JPCL 24:2.
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french and underdevelopment Haitian Creole and development educational language policy problems and solutions in haiti
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 2012Co-Authors: Benjamin HebblethwaiteAbstract:This article argues that Haiti’s French-dominant school system is an impediment to the nation’s development, whereas Haitian Creole-dominant education will lay the foundation for long-term development. In that Caribbean country, 95% of the population is monolingual in Haitian Creole while the portion that additionally speaks French does not exceed 5% with an additional 5–10% having some receptive competence (Valdman 1984: 78; Dejean 2006). Even though French is the language of the school system, as many as 80% of Haiti’s teachers control it inadequately and only a minority of students completes school (Dejean 2006). Economic, historical, sociolinguistic, and demographic factors are a part of the explanation for Haiti’s low educational achievement. Another important but often ignored factor is educational language policy. Data on educational language policy compared internationally show that the use of a second language in schools correlates with high illiteracy rates and poverty (Coulmas 1992). I reject arguments in favor of maintaining French-dominant education in Haiti (Lawless 1992; Youssef 2002; Francis 2005; Ferguson 2006, etc.) because the resources for it are woefully lacking. I argue that the progressive promotion of Haitian Creole throughout Haitian education will lead to improved learning, graduation, and Creole literacy, in addition to a more streamlined and coherent State, economy, and society (Efron 1954; De Regt 1984; DeGraff 2003; Dejean 2006). As Haiti rebuilds after the earthquake of January 12th, 2010, aid workers, government employees, and researchers who get involved in the recovery also unsuspectingly perpetuate French, English, and Spanish hegemony in development work (DeGraff 2010). The long history of suppressing Haitian Creole and promoting French in education and administration — and French, English, or Spanish in development work — form underlying obstacles in the nation’s struggle to produce an adequate class of educated citizens, to achieve universal literacy, and to make socioeconomic progress.
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adverb code switching among miami s Haitian Creole english second generation
Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, 2010Co-Authors: Benjamin HebblethwaiteAbstract:The findings for adverbs and adverbial phrases in a naturalistic corpus of Miami Haitian Creole–English code-switching show that one language, Haitian Creole, asymmetrically supplies the grammatical frame while the other language, English, asymmetrically supplies mixed lexical categories like adverbs. Traces of code-switching with an English frame and Haitian Creole lexical categories suggest that code-switching is abstractly BIDIRECTIONAL. A quantitative methodology that codes the language-indexation of the token in addition to the surrounding lexical items was used for all mixed (e.g. xYx/yXy, xYy/yXx, yYx/xXy) and unmixed (xXx/yYy) adverbs. Discourse position, especially the left-periphery, is found to be a significant factor in adverb code-switching. Sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic analyses which acknowledge the ‘low’ status of one language and the ‘high’ status of the other explain better the frequency of mixed English adverbs in a Haitian Creole frame and the rarity of mixed Haitian Creole adverbs in an English frame than a minimalist approach, such as MacSwan's (1999 and subsequent work), which uses phi-feature valuation and entails asymmetry without bidirectionality. While I provide confirmation for Myers-Scotton's (1993) Matrix Language Frame approach, I emphasize that trace bidirectional data need to be accounted for by a theory that is grounded in the sociolinguistic and psycholinguistic realities.
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scrabble as a tool for Haitian Creole literacy sociolinguistic and orthographic foundations
Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 2009Co-Authors: Benjamin HebblethwaiteAbstract:This paper argues that Scrabble can be used as a tool to help maintain and grow all levels of Haitian Creole literacy and it provides the technical details for developing the game. The rules of the English version are given to introduce the game’s basic structure. Haiti’s educational, sociolinguistic, and literacy conditions are presented in order to put in context the orthographic form proposed for the Haitian Creole version. An overview of game culture in Haiti shows Scrabble’s potential for success. Previous research on the adaptation of Scrabble into Latin by means of a quantitative corpus-linguistic method is examined. Difficult aspects of standard Haitian Creole orthography (IPN) are discussed in order to expose potential pitfalls in design. Quantitative analysis of a Haitian Creole textual corpus provides an empirical basis for the distribution of letter tiles and their point values. Problems encountered in test-games played by Haitian-American university students and Haitian elementary and high school students inform the final proposal. The paper examines the work necessary for the successful introduction of Haitian Creole Scrabble and it provides independent evidence of the game’s cognitive benefits. Haitian Creole Scrabble is argued to be a creative and special method for expanding and strengthening literacy in Haitian Creole and other Creole languages.
