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Mujiyo Mujiyo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Pendugaan Perkembangan Alfisols di Kecamatan Jatipuro, Karanganyar Dengan Model Kestabilan Genetik
Sains Tanah: Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology, 2013Co-Authors: Raditia Eka Kurniawan, Sudjono Utomo, Mujiyo MujiyoAbstract:Title : The Development Prediction and Differentiated Alfisols at Jatipuro Sub District of Karanganyar with Genetic Stability Model. This research had been conducted at Jatipuro, Sub district of Karanganyar from July until September, 2007. The aim of this research are to know and comparing the development of Alfisols with genetic stability model. This research was descriptive‐explorative research, and the variables approached by field’s survey and supported by laboratory analysis. The site sampling on the fields determined with soil mapping unit. Samples for physical, chemicals and sand mineralogy properties was take from representative pedon or profile from each soil mapping unit. This research uses statistical analysis stepwise regression to know which the most variable can explain the soil development, and the Eberhart‐Russell’s genetic stability model to determine the degree of soil stability for any soil mapping unit. The result of this research can be concluded that the 3rd soil mapping unit (NGEPUNGSARI series, Ultic Hapludalfs, very fine, kaolinitic, active, non acid, isohyperthermic family) was the most’s stable in soil development, and followed by 1st soil mapping unit (JATISOBO series, Vertic Hapludalfs, very fine, kaolinitic, active, non acid, isohyperthermic family). Even though, the 2nd soil mapping unit (JATISUKO series, Typic Hapludalfs, very fine, kaolinitic, active, non acid, isohyperthermic family) was the most’s unstable in soil development. Each soil mapping unit also showed the difference of soil development, that looking from the endogen and exogen’s factors can be explained. Keywords: Alfisolfs, development, differentiated, Genetic Stability Model
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PENDUGAAN PERKEMBANGAN ALFISOLS DI KECAMATAN JATIPURO, KARANGANYAR DENGAN MODEL KESTABILAN GENETIK
'Faculty of Agriculture Sebelas Maret University', 2013Co-Authors: Kurniawan, Raditia Eka, Utomo Sudjono, Mujiyo MujiyoAbstract:Title : The Development Prediction and Differentiated Alfisols at Jatipuro Sub District of Karanganyar with Genetic Stability Model. This research had been conducted at Jatipuro, Sub district of Karanganyar from July until September, 2007. The aim of this research are to know and comparing the development of Alfisols with genetic stability model. This research was descriptive‐explorative research, and the variables approached by field’s survey and supported by laboratory analysis. The site sampling on the fields determined with soil mapping unit. Samples for physical, chemicals and sand mineralogy properties was take from representative pedon or profile from each soil mapping unit. This research uses statistical analysis stepwise regression to know which the most variable can explain the soil development, and the Eberhart‐Russell’s genetic stability model to determine the degree of soil stability for any soil mapping unit. The result of this research can be concluded that the 3rd soil mapping unit (NGEPUNGSARI series, Ultic Hapludalfs, very fine, kaolinitic, active, non acid, isohyperthermic family) was the most’s stable in soil development, and followed by 1st soil mapping unit (JATISOBO series, Vertic Hapludalfs, very fine, kaolinitic, active, non acid, isohyperthermic family). Even though, the 2nd soil mapping unit (JATISUKO series, Typic Hapludalfs, very fine, kaolinitic, active, non acid, isohyperthermic family) was the most’s unstable in soil development. Each soil mapping unit also showed the difference of soil development, that looking from the endogen and exogen’s factors can be explained. Keywords: Alfisolfs, development, differentiated, Genetic Stability ModelThis research had been conducted at Jatipuro, Sub district of Karanganyar from July until September, 2007. The aim of this research are to know and comparing the development of Alfisols with genetic stability model. This research was descriptive‐explorative research, and the variables approached by field’s survey and supported by laboratory analysis. The site sampling on the fields determined with soil mapping unit. Samples for physical, chemicals and sand mineralogy properties was take from representative pedon or profile from each soil mapping unit. This research uses statistical analysis stepwise regression to know which the most variable can explain the soil development, and the Eberhart‐Russell’s genetic stability model to determine the degree of soil stability for any soil mapping unit. The result of this research can be concluded that the 3rd soil mapping unit (NGEPUNGSARI series, Ultic Hapludalfs, very fine, kaolinitic, active, non acid, isohyperthermic family) was the most’s stable in soil development, and followed by 1st soil mapping unit (JATISOBO series, Vertic Hapludalfs, very fine, kaolinitic, active, non acid, isohyperthermic family). Even though, the 2nd soil mapping unit (JATISUKO series, Typic Hapludalfs, very fine, kaolinitic, active, non acid, isohyperthermic family) was the most’s unstable in soil development. Each soil mapping unit also showed the difference of soil development, that looking from the endogen and exogen’s factors can be explained. Keywords: Alfisolfs, development, differentiated, Genetic Stability Mode
Rainer Horn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil porosity permeability and static and dynamic strength parameters under native forest grassland compared to no tillage cropping
Soil & Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Dörthe Holthusen, André Anibal Brandt, José Miguel Reichert, Rainer HornAbstract:Abstract Improper soil management, increasing farm machinery mass and traffic frequency threaten the ecological functionality of soils under intensive agricultural use. Especially in Brazil, no-tillage (NT) cropping was adopted as a type of soil management that possibly preserves soil functions. Hence, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect and intensity of long-term NT compared to soil under natural forest (NF) or grassland (NG) based on parameters of composition (density, porosity, water retention) and functionality by means of mechanical strength (precompression stress σ p , cyclic compressibility c n ), air permeability K a , and saturated hydraulic conductivity k s . The studied Hapludox, Hapludalf and Quartzipsamment from southern Brazil under subtropical climate mostly reacted based upon their grain size distribution, namely clay, loamy sand and loamy fine sand. The largest impact appeared in the Hapludox, where compaction occurred (higher σ p , lower c n and smaller porosity, especially macroporosity). k s and K a were highest at the surface of the Hapludox under NF, but were reduced strongly under NT. In both the Hapludox and the Hapludalf deeper soil layers were also affected by NT, but in the clayey Hapludox the applied pressure resulted in the largest compacted layer. The Hapludalf of loamy sand texture showed, supposedly due to shallow soil operations, a weak, but permeable surface layer under NT above a dense layer, while the other layers were only slightly affected by cropping. In the Quartzipsamment, there was no increase in σ p and little in c n , whereas density in deeper layers slightly decreased. While k s was increased strongly under NT compared to NG, the opposite was found for K a which could not be explained by the investigated parameters. The results demonstrate that soil under NT might be significantly affected by soil compaction with regard to soil functions if not adequately managed by adjusted machinery. This is of even greater importance in fine-textured soils like the investigated Hapludox, compared to coarse-textured soils of poor aggregation like the investigated Quartzipsamment.
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Soil functions and in situ stress distribution in subtropical soils as affected by land use, vehicle type, tire inflation pressure and plant residue removal
Soil and Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Dörthe Holthusen, André Anibal Brandt, José Miguel Reichert, Rainer Horn, Heiner Fleige, Alexander ZinkAbstract:Abstract Soil deformation due to compaction and shearing with heavy machinery is still one of the largest threats to soil functionality and thus to crop performance on arable soil. By determining the in-situ stress input and propagation due to tractor and harvester wheeling on two south Brazilian soils, a Typic Hapludox and a Typic Hapludalf, we aimed to investigate the consequences of different wheeling conditions on soil composition and functions. Stress state transducer (SST) sensors were installed in three to four soil depths to measure stress impact and propagation and to quantify the effect of different contact pressures by different agricultural machines, tire inflation pressures, and absence or presence of plant residues on soil under no-tillage (NT, each Hapludox and Hapludalf) and natural grassland (NG, only Hapludalf). Field measurements of principal stress σ1 were amended by laboratory analyses to quantify changes of soil precompression stress σp, air permeability, and water retention before and after the passage of a harvester. Wheeling with heavy load in the Hapludox under NT even ruptured the “no-till pan”, resulting in lower σp, while the Hapludalf under NT was compressed more and became more stable. The biologically stabilized Hapludalf under NG suffered strongly from wheeling by reduced σp, water retention, and air permeability. Reasons for this behavior are clayey (Hapludox) vs. sandy loam soil texture (Hapludalf) as well as higher bulk density in the Hapludalfs than in the Hapludox. By comparing the evaluated factors, the most pronounced impact was found for tire inflation pressure. Lower pressure strongly diminished contact pressure and σ1 in the soil. Straw had a similar, but less striking effect. The harvester, being heavier than the tractor, caused higher stress input and altered soil physical properties profoundly in all sites. Subsequent passes lead to further compaction, though of decreasing intensity with each additional pass. The effect was the stronger, the closer to the surface, but the surface layer itself showed a quite irregular result due to lug/interlug interactions. A low contact pressure, e.g. by low tire inflation pressure, is an efficient measure to avoid harmful soil compaction. Keeping plant residues also helps in preserving soil structure, but is less efficient in the short-term.
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Soil porosity, permeability and static and dynamic strength parameters under native forest/grassland compared to no-tillage cropping
Soil and Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Dörthe Holthusen, André Anibal Brandt, José Miguel Reichert, Rainer HornAbstract:Abstract Improper soil management, increasing farm machinery mass and traffic frequency threaten the ecological functionality of soils under intensive agricultural use. Especially in Brazil, no-tillage (NT) cropping was adopted as a type of soil management that possibly preserves soil functions. Hence, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect and intensity of long-term NT compared to soil under natural forest (NF) or grassland (NG) based on parameters of composition (density, porosity, water retention) and functionality by means of mechanical strength (precompression stress σ p , cyclic compressibility c n ), air permeability K a , and saturated hydraulic conductivity k s . The studied Hapludox, Hapludalf and Quartzipsamment from southern Brazil under subtropical climate mostly reacted based upon their grain size distribution, namely clay, loamy sand and loamy fine sand. The largest impact appeared in the Hapludox, where compaction occurred (higher σ p , lower c n and smaller porosity, especially macroporosity). k s and K a were highest at the surface of the Hapludox under NF, but were reduced strongly under NT. In both the Hapludox and the Hapludalf deeper soil layers were also affected by NT, but in the clayey Hapludox the applied pressure resulted in the largest compacted layer. The Hapludalf of loamy sand texture showed, supposedly due to shallow soil operations, a weak, but permeable surface layer under NT above a dense layer, while the other layers were only slightly affected by cropping. In the Quartzipsamment, there was no increase in σ p and little in c n , whereas density in deeper layers slightly decreased. While k s was increased strongly under NT compared to NG, the opposite was found for K a which could not be explained by the investigated parameters. The results demonstrate that soil under NT might be significantly affected by soil compaction with regard to soil functions if not adequately managed by adjusted machinery. This is of even greater importance in fine-textured soils like the investigated Hapludox, compared to coarse-textured soils of poor aggregation like the investigated Quartzipsamment.
Dörthe Holthusen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil porosity permeability and static and dynamic strength parameters under native forest grassland compared to no tillage cropping
Soil & Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Dörthe Holthusen, André Anibal Brandt, José Miguel Reichert, Rainer HornAbstract:Abstract Improper soil management, increasing farm machinery mass and traffic frequency threaten the ecological functionality of soils under intensive agricultural use. Especially in Brazil, no-tillage (NT) cropping was adopted as a type of soil management that possibly preserves soil functions. Hence, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect and intensity of long-term NT compared to soil under natural forest (NF) or grassland (NG) based on parameters of composition (density, porosity, water retention) and functionality by means of mechanical strength (precompression stress σ p , cyclic compressibility c n ), air permeability K a , and saturated hydraulic conductivity k s . The studied Hapludox, Hapludalf and Quartzipsamment from southern Brazil under subtropical climate mostly reacted based upon their grain size distribution, namely clay, loamy sand and loamy fine sand. The largest impact appeared in the Hapludox, where compaction occurred (higher σ p , lower c n and smaller porosity, especially macroporosity). k s and K a were highest at the surface of the Hapludox under NF, but were reduced strongly under NT. In both the Hapludox and the Hapludalf deeper soil layers were also affected by NT, but in the clayey Hapludox the applied pressure resulted in the largest compacted layer. The Hapludalf of loamy sand texture showed, supposedly due to shallow soil operations, a weak, but permeable surface layer under NT above a dense layer, while the other layers were only slightly affected by cropping. In the Quartzipsamment, there was no increase in σ p and little in c n , whereas density in deeper layers slightly decreased. While k s was increased strongly under NT compared to NG, the opposite was found for K a which could not be explained by the investigated parameters. The results demonstrate that soil under NT might be significantly affected by soil compaction with regard to soil functions if not adequately managed by adjusted machinery. This is of even greater importance in fine-textured soils like the investigated Hapludox, compared to coarse-textured soils of poor aggregation like the investigated Quartzipsamment.
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Soil functions and in situ stress distribution in subtropical soils as affected by land use, vehicle type, tire inflation pressure and plant residue removal
Soil and Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Dörthe Holthusen, André Anibal Brandt, José Miguel Reichert, Rainer Horn, Heiner Fleige, Alexander ZinkAbstract:Abstract Soil deformation due to compaction and shearing with heavy machinery is still one of the largest threats to soil functionality and thus to crop performance on arable soil. By determining the in-situ stress input and propagation due to tractor and harvester wheeling on two south Brazilian soils, a Typic Hapludox and a Typic Hapludalf, we aimed to investigate the consequences of different wheeling conditions on soil composition and functions. Stress state transducer (SST) sensors were installed in three to four soil depths to measure stress impact and propagation and to quantify the effect of different contact pressures by different agricultural machines, tire inflation pressures, and absence or presence of plant residues on soil under no-tillage (NT, each Hapludox and Hapludalf) and natural grassland (NG, only Hapludalf). Field measurements of principal stress σ1 were amended by laboratory analyses to quantify changes of soil precompression stress σp, air permeability, and water retention before and after the passage of a harvester. Wheeling with heavy load in the Hapludox under NT even ruptured the “no-till pan”, resulting in lower σp, while the Hapludalf under NT was compressed more and became more stable. The biologically stabilized Hapludalf under NG suffered strongly from wheeling by reduced σp, water retention, and air permeability. Reasons for this behavior are clayey (Hapludox) vs. sandy loam soil texture (Hapludalf) as well as higher bulk density in the Hapludalfs than in the Hapludox. By comparing the evaluated factors, the most pronounced impact was found for tire inflation pressure. Lower pressure strongly diminished contact pressure and σ1 in the soil. Straw had a similar, but less striking effect. The harvester, being heavier than the tractor, caused higher stress input and altered soil physical properties profoundly in all sites. Subsequent passes lead to further compaction, though of decreasing intensity with each additional pass. The effect was the stronger, the closer to the surface, but the surface layer itself showed a quite irregular result due to lug/interlug interactions. A low contact pressure, e.g. by low tire inflation pressure, is an efficient measure to avoid harmful soil compaction. Keeping plant residues also helps in preserving soil structure, but is less efficient in the short-term.
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Soil porosity, permeability and static and dynamic strength parameters under native forest/grassland compared to no-tillage cropping
Soil and Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Dörthe Holthusen, André Anibal Brandt, José Miguel Reichert, Rainer HornAbstract:Abstract Improper soil management, increasing farm machinery mass and traffic frequency threaten the ecological functionality of soils under intensive agricultural use. Especially in Brazil, no-tillage (NT) cropping was adopted as a type of soil management that possibly preserves soil functions. Hence, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect and intensity of long-term NT compared to soil under natural forest (NF) or grassland (NG) based on parameters of composition (density, porosity, water retention) and functionality by means of mechanical strength (precompression stress σ p , cyclic compressibility c n ), air permeability K a , and saturated hydraulic conductivity k s . The studied Hapludox, Hapludalf and Quartzipsamment from southern Brazil under subtropical climate mostly reacted based upon their grain size distribution, namely clay, loamy sand and loamy fine sand. The largest impact appeared in the Hapludox, where compaction occurred (higher σ p , lower c n and smaller porosity, especially macroporosity). k s and K a were highest at the surface of the Hapludox under NF, but were reduced strongly under NT. In both the Hapludox and the Hapludalf deeper soil layers were also affected by NT, but in the clayey Hapludox the applied pressure resulted in the largest compacted layer. The Hapludalf of loamy sand texture showed, supposedly due to shallow soil operations, a weak, but permeable surface layer under NT above a dense layer, while the other layers were only slightly affected by cropping. In the Quartzipsamment, there was no increase in σ p and little in c n , whereas density in deeper layers slightly decreased. While k s was increased strongly under NT compared to NG, the opposite was found for K a which could not be explained by the investigated parameters. The results demonstrate that soil under NT might be significantly affected by soil compaction with regard to soil functions if not adequately managed by adjusted machinery. This is of even greater importance in fine-textured soils like the investigated Hapludox, compared to coarse-textured soils of poor aggregation like the investigated Quartzipsamment.
José Miguel Reichert - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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soil porosity permeability and static and dynamic strength parameters under native forest grassland compared to no tillage cropping
Soil & Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Dörthe Holthusen, André Anibal Brandt, José Miguel Reichert, Rainer HornAbstract:Abstract Improper soil management, increasing farm machinery mass and traffic frequency threaten the ecological functionality of soils under intensive agricultural use. Especially in Brazil, no-tillage (NT) cropping was adopted as a type of soil management that possibly preserves soil functions. Hence, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect and intensity of long-term NT compared to soil under natural forest (NF) or grassland (NG) based on parameters of composition (density, porosity, water retention) and functionality by means of mechanical strength (precompression stress σ p , cyclic compressibility c n ), air permeability K a , and saturated hydraulic conductivity k s . The studied Hapludox, Hapludalf and Quartzipsamment from southern Brazil under subtropical climate mostly reacted based upon their grain size distribution, namely clay, loamy sand and loamy fine sand. The largest impact appeared in the Hapludox, where compaction occurred (higher σ p , lower c n and smaller porosity, especially macroporosity). k s and K a were highest at the surface of the Hapludox under NF, but were reduced strongly under NT. In both the Hapludox and the Hapludalf deeper soil layers were also affected by NT, but in the clayey Hapludox the applied pressure resulted in the largest compacted layer. The Hapludalf of loamy sand texture showed, supposedly due to shallow soil operations, a weak, but permeable surface layer under NT above a dense layer, while the other layers were only slightly affected by cropping. In the Quartzipsamment, there was no increase in σ p and little in c n , whereas density in deeper layers slightly decreased. While k s was increased strongly under NT compared to NG, the opposite was found for K a which could not be explained by the investigated parameters. The results demonstrate that soil under NT might be significantly affected by soil compaction with regard to soil functions if not adequately managed by adjusted machinery. This is of even greater importance in fine-textured soils like the investigated Hapludox, compared to coarse-textured soils of poor aggregation like the investigated Quartzipsamment.
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Soil functions and in situ stress distribution in subtropical soils as affected by land use, vehicle type, tire inflation pressure and plant residue removal
Soil and Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Dörthe Holthusen, André Anibal Brandt, José Miguel Reichert, Rainer Horn, Heiner Fleige, Alexander ZinkAbstract:Abstract Soil deformation due to compaction and shearing with heavy machinery is still one of the largest threats to soil functionality and thus to crop performance on arable soil. By determining the in-situ stress input and propagation due to tractor and harvester wheeling on two south Brazilian soils, a Typic Hapludox and a Typic Hapludalf, we aimed to investigate the consequences of different wheeling conditions on soil composition and functions. Stress state transducer (SST) sensors were installed in three to four soil depths to measure stress impact and propagation and to quantify the effect of different contact pressures by different agricultural machines, tire inflation pressures, and absence or presence of plant residues on soil under no-tillage (NT, each Hapludox and Hapludalf) and natural grassland (NG, only Hapludalf). Field measurements of principal stress σ1 were amended by laboratory analyses to quantify changes of soil precompression stress σp, air permeability, and water retention before and after the passage of a harvester. Wheeling with heavy load in the Hapludox under NT even ruptured the “no-till pan”, resulting in lower σp, while the Hapludalf under NT was compressed more and became more stable. The biologically stabilized Hapludalf under NG suffered strongly from wheeling by reduced σp, water retention, and air permeability. Reasons for this behavior are clayey (Hapludox) vs. sandy loam soil texture (Hapludalf) as well as higher bulk density in the Hapludalfs than in the Hapludox. By comparing the evaluated factors, the most pronounced impact was found for tire inflation pressure. Lower pressure strongly diminished contact pressure and σ1 in the soil. Straw had a similar, but less striking effect. The harvester, being heavier than the tractor, caused higher stress input and altered soil physical properties profoundly in all sites. Subsequent passes lead to further compaction, though of decreasing intensity with each additional pass. The effect was the stronger, the closer to the surface, but the surface layer itself showed a quite irregular result due to lug/interlug interactions. A low contact pressure, e.g. by low tire inflation pressure, is an efficient measure to avoid harmful soil compaction. Keeping plant residues also helps in preserving soil structure, but is less efficient in the short-term.
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Soil porosity, permeability and static and dynamic strength parameters under native forest/grassland compared to no-tillage cropping
Soil and Tillage Research, 2018Co-Authors: Dörthe Holthusen, André Anibal Brandt, José Miguel Reichert, Rainer HornAbstract:Abstract Improper soil management, increasing farm machinery mass and traffic frequency threaten the ecological functionality of soils under intensive agricultural use. Especially in Brazil, no-tillage (NT) cropping was adopted as a type of soil management that possibly preserves soil functions. Hence, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the effect and intensity of long-term NT compared to soil under natural forest (NF) or grassland (NG) based on parameters of composition (density, porosity, water retention) and functionality by means of mechanical strength (precompression stress σ p , cyclic compressibility c n ), air permeability K a , and saturated hydraulic conductivity k s . The studied Hapludox, Hapludalf and Quartzipsamment from southern Brazil under subtropical climate mostly reacted based upon their grain size distribution, namely clay, loamy sand and loamy fine sand. The largest impact appeared in the Hapludox, where compaction occurred (higher σ p , lower c n and smaller porosity, especially macroporosity). k s and K a were highest at the surface of the Hapludox under NF, but were reduced strongly under NT. In both the Hapludox and the Hapludalf deeper soil layers were also affected by NT, but in the clayey Hapludox the applied pressure resulted in the largest compacted layer. The Hapludalf of loamy sand texture showed, supposedly due to shallow soil operations, a weak, but permeable surface layer under NT above a dense layer, while the other layers were only slightly affected by cropping. In the Quartzipsamment, there was no increase in σ p and little in c n , whereas density in deeper layers slightly decreased. While k s was increased strongly under NT compared to NG, the opposite was found for K a which could not be explained by the investigated parameters. The results demonstrate that soil under NT might be significantly affected by soil compaction with regard to soil functions if not adequately managed by adjusted machinery. This is of even greater importance in fine-textured soils like the investigated Hapludox, compared to coarse-textured soils of poor aggregation like the investigated Quartzipsamment.
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Tensão e extração de água em mesa de tensão e coluna de areia, em dois solos com elevada densidade
Ciência Rural, 2009Co-Authors: Paulo Ivonir Gubiani, Jackson Adriano Albuquerque, Dalvan José Reinert, José Miguel ReichertAbstract:The determination of moisture content in soils under tension follows the assumption that the water matric potential is at equilibrium with an applied tension. The time the soil water tension reaches the equilibrium under the 6kPa tension was determined in Hapludalf and Hapludox clay soils. In the Hapludalf, the equilibrium between the applied tension and water matric potential, in most of the samples, was obtained between 72 and 96h, while in Hapludox, equilibrium was not reached until the 168h. The water tension in the samples had no significant correlation with bulk density and did not reach the tension applied on the suction table and sand suction column. Nevertheless, more than 97% of the soil water was extracted at 48h both in Hapludalf and Hapludox, suggesting that this time is sufficient to estimate the soil moisture at 6kPa tension, independently of clay content.
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Resíduos vegetais na superfície e carbono orgânico do solo e suas relações com a densidade máxima obtida no ensaio proctor
Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo, 2006Co-Authors: João Alfredo Braida, José Miguel Reichert, Milton Da Veiga, Dalvan José ReinertAbstract:The susceptibility of soils to compaction, measured by the Proctor test, decreases with increasing soil organic matter (SOM) content. For a given energy level, with increasing SOM contents the maximum obtained density decreases and the corresponding critical moisture content increases. Due to its low density, elasticity and deformation susceptibility, straw is potentially able to dissipate applied loads. This study was conducted to evaluate the SOM effect on the soil compaction curve and to evaluate the ability that mulch has to absorb compactive energy in the Proctor test. The compaction test was carried out using soil surface samples (0 to 0.05 m) of a Hapludalf, with sandy loam texture at its soil surface, and an Oxisol, with clayey texture at its soil surface, both with variations in the SOM content. The maximum density, the critical moisture content, the liquid and plastic limits, and the soil organic carbon content were determined. A second test was performed to evaluate the ability of mulch to absorb compactive energy, by compacting Hapludalf samples with the presence of a straw layer on the soil surface, inside a Proctor cylinder, at amounts corresponding to 2, 4, 8 and 12 Mg ha-1. SOM accumulation reduced the maximum density and increased the critical moisture content, suggesting an increased resistance to soil compaction. In the Proctor test the straw on the soil surface dissipated up to 30 % of the compactive energy and reduced the bulk density, confirming the hypothesis that mulch can absorb part of the compactive energy caused by machine traffic and by animals.
Dedi Nursyamsi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Identification of Nutrient Deficiencies at Calcareous Soils for Maize
Journal of Tropical Soils, 2010Co-Authors: Dedi NursyamsiAbstract:Identification of nutrient deficiencies at calcareous soils for maize (D Nursyamsi): A pot experiment was conducted to identify nutrient deficiencies at calcareous soils for maize (Zea mays, L.) in green house of Indonesian Soil Research Institute using top soil (0-20 cm) samples taken from Bogor (Typic Hapludalfs) and Blora (Typic Haplustalfs). The experiment used Randomized Completely Block Design, minus one test with 12 treatments and three replications, as well as maize of P21 variety as plant indicator. The results showed that use of N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn fertilizers increased soil macro nutrients, i.e.: soil total-N, Olsen-P, HCl-P, and HCl-K, as well as soil micro nutrients, i.e.: soil DTPA-Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn at both tested soils. Use of maize straw compost increased soil organic-C, total-N, HCl-K, and exchangeable Ca at Typic Hapludalfs and increased only soil organic-C and total-N at Typic Haplustalfs. Use of animal manure compost increased soil organic-C, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and CEC. Use of N, P, K, S, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn fertilizers increased each plant nutrients uptake at the soils. Use of both organic matters increased plant N, P, K, and Fe uptake at Typic Hapludalfs as well as increased only plant N, P, and K uptake at Typic Haplustalfs. Identification result showed that maize growth suffered from N, P, and K deficiencies at Typic Hapludalfs as well as N and P deficiencies at Typic Haplustalfs. Beside the nutrients, soil organic matter was also found out as limiting factor for maize growth in the soils.
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Identification of Nutrient Deficiencies at Calcareous Soils for Maize
University of Lampung, 2010Co-Authors: Dedi NursyamsiAbstract:A pot experiment was conducted to identify nutrient deficiencies at calcareous soils for maize (Zea mays, L.) in green house of Indonesian Soil Research Institute using top soil (0-20 cm) samples taken from Bogor (Typic Hapludalfs) and Blora (Typic Haplustalfs). The experiment used Randomized Completely Block Design, minus one test with 12 treatments and three replications, as well as maize of P21 variety as plant indicator. The results showed that use of N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn fertilizers increased soil macro nutrients, i.e.: soil total-N, Olsen-P, HCl-P, and HCl-K, as well as soil micro nutrients, i.e.: soil DTPA-Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn at both tested soils. Use of maize straw compost increased soil organic-C, total-N, HCl-K, and exchangeable Ca at Typic Hapludalfs and increased only soil organic-C and total-N at Typic Haplustalfs. Use of animal manure compost increased soil organic-C, exchangeable Ca and Mg, and CEC. Use of N, P, K, S, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn fertilizers increased each plant nutrients uptake at the soils. Use of both organic matters increased plant N, P, K, and Fe uptake at Typic Hapludalfs as well as increased only plant N, P, and K uptake at Typic Haplustalfs. Identification result showed that maize growth suffered from N, P, and K deficiencies at Typic Hapludalfs as well as N and P deficiencies at Typic Haplustalfs. Beside the nutrients, soil organic matter was also found out as limiting factor for maize growth in the soils
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Jerapan dan Pengaruh Na+, NH4 +, dan Fe3+ terhadap Ketersediaan K pada Tanah-tanah yang Didominasi Mineral Liat Smektit
University of Lampung, 2009Co-Authors: Dedi Nursyamsi, Komaruddin Idris, Supiandi Sabiham, Djunaedi Abdul Rachim, Agus SofyanAbstract:Total content of potassium in smectitic soils is commonly high, however its availability for plant growth is frequently problem because it is fixed at interlayer space of 2:1 type of clay mineral. The research was aimed to study the sorption and effect of Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ on soil available K at smectitic soils. It was conducted in Laboratory of Research and Soil Test, Indonesian Soil Research Institute by using four of soil samples taken from Bogor (Typic Hapludalfs), Cilacap (Chromic Endoaquerts), Ngawi (Typic Endoaquerts), and Blora (Typic Haplustalfs). Incubation experiment used Randomized Completely Block Design, 4 treatments, and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of without cation, application of Na+, NH4+, and Fe3+ from NaCl, NH4Cl, and FeCl3 respectively at 50% of maximum adsorption level. The results showed that soil sorption, buffering capacity, and maximum sorption of Fe3+ were higher than NH4+ and Na+, while the variables of NH4+ were similar with those of Na+. Among the treatments, bond energy constant was in order of Na+ > Fe3+ > NH4+ at Alfisols and it was in order of Fe3+ > Na+ > NH4+ at Vertisols. Among the soils, the soil sorption, buffering capacity, and maximum sorption were in order of Vertisols > Alfisols. The application of Na+ significantly increased soil soluble-K at Chromic Endoaquerts and Typic Endoaquerts; NH4+ significantly increased soil exchangeable K at Typic Hapludalfs, Chromic Endoaquerts, and Typic Endoaquerts; while Fe3+ significantly increased both variables in all tested soils
