The Experts below are selected from a list of 327 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Carl-gustaf Thulin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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SNP genotypes for 6833 loci from 21 mountain Hares (Lepus timidus) and 27 brown Hares (Lepus europaeus)
2018Co-Authors: Riikka Levänen, Carl-gustaf Thulin, Göran Spong, Jaakko PohjoismäkiAbstract:SNP genotypes for 6833 loci from 21 mountain Hares (Lepus timidus) and 27 brown Hares (Lepus europaeus) from Sweden and Finland. Data sheet includes sample number, sampling location coordinates, mtDNA haplotype and notes for species co-existence at the sampling location (sympatry/allopatry)
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factors related to the occurrence of hybrids between brown Hares lepus europaeus and mountain Hares l timidus in sweden
Ecography, 2007Co-Authors: Gunnar Jansson, Carl-gustaf Thulin, Ake PehrsonAbstract:Hybridization occurs among many species, and may have implications for conservation as well as for evolution. Interspecific gene flow between brown Hares Lepus europaeus and mountain Hares L. timidus has been documented in Sweden and in continental Europe, and has probably to some extent occurred throughout history in sympatric areas. What local factors or ecological relationships that correlate with or trigger hybridization between these species has however been unclear. We studied spatial distribution of hybrids between brown Hares and mountain Hares in Sweden in relation to characteristics of the sampled localities (hunting grounds). In a sample of 70 brown Hares collected from 39 populations in south-central Sweden during 2003-2005, 11 (16%) showed introgressed mtDNA from mountain Hares. Among the brown Hares from their northern range, i.e. in general the most recent establishments, the corresponding figure was 75% (9/12). The frequency of samples with hybrid ancestry increased significantly with latitude, altitude and hilliness, and were higher (p <0.1) in recently established populations and/or where the proportion of arable land was low. Several site-specific parameters were correlated, e.g. latitude as expected to hilliness, and no parameter explained the occurrence of hybrids exclusively. Instead, the appearance of mountain hare mtDNA among brown Hares was associated with a conglomerate of parameters reflecting landscapes atypical for the brown hare, e.g. forest dominated and steep areas where the species quite recently was established. We suggest that these abiotic factors mirror the main aspect influencing hybridization frequency, namely the density or relative frequency of the two species. In atypical brown hare landscapes with recent establishment, mountain Hares are probably relatively more common. When one species dominate in numbers, or when both species display low densities, increased frequency of hybridization is expected due to low availability of conspecific partners, a phenomenon referred to as Hubbs' principle.
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species assignment and hybrid identification among scandinavian Hares lepus europaeus and l timidus
Wildlife Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Carl-gustaf Thulin, Håkan Tegelström, John Stone, C W WalkerAbstract:Abstract In Scandinavia, suspected hybrids between the native mountain hare Lepus timidus and the introduced brown hare L. europaeus have been observed by hunters since the first introductions of brown Hares in the late 19th century. Several attempts to verify the status of these suspected hybrids have been unsuccessful. Recently, however, the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from mountain Hares to brown Hares was documented and interpreted as a consequence of hybridisation and subsequent introgression. However, mtDNA markers alone will not allow identification of first-generation hybrids because of the strictly maternal inheritance of mitochondria. Here, we combine mtDNA data with analyses of variation in seven microsatellite loci among brown Hares, mountain Hares and putative hybrids. Our purpose was to determine species differentiation in nuclear DNA markers, elucidate the extent of interspecific gene flow, identify true hybrids within our sample and evaluate the ability of hunters to identify...
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The distribution of mountain Hares Lepus timidus in Europe: a challenge from brown Hares L. europaeus?
Mammal Review, 2003Co-Authors: Carl-gustaf ThulinAbstract:The distribution of mountain Hares Lepus timidus in Europe: a challenge from brown Hares L. europaeus?
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Biased geographical distribution of mitochondrial DNA that passed the species barrier from mountain Hares to brown Hares (genus Lepus): an effect of genetic incompatibility and mating behaviour?
Journal of Zoology, 2002Co-Authors: Carl-gustaf Thulin, Håkan TegelströmAbstract:Through interspecific hybridization and subsequent backcrossing, genes and genomes may be transferred over the species barrier. In Sweden, the introduced brown hare Lepus europaeus hybridizes with the native mountain hare L. timidus. To investigate the direction and the extent of transfer of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) between the species, the mtDNA haplotypes were screened in 522 brown Hares and 149 mountain Hares from areas of sympatry and allopatry. A total of 51 brown Hares with mountain hare mtDNA, but no mountain Hares with brown hare mtDNA were detected. Thus, mtDNA transfer over the species barrier is directed from mountain Hares to brown Hares. We argue that frequency-dependent hybridization and/or interspecific male competition mediates this directionality. Further, the percentage of brown Hares with transmitted mountain hare mtDNA was lower in areas of former species sympatry (0.6%) compared to areas of current sympatry (15%). Thus, the transferred mtDNA may disappear from brown hare populations if there is no continuous input through hybridization. We suggest that specimens with an alien mtDNA experience a fitness reduction as a result of a functional incompatibility between the cytoplasmic mitochondrial genomes and the cell nucleus.
David Smajs - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is there a difference between hare syphilis and rabbit syphilis? Cross infection experiments between rabbits and Hares.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Johannes T. Lumeij, Lenka Mikalová, David SmajsAbstract:Cross infection of rabbits and Hares with Treponema paraluiscuniculi from rabbits and the related microorganism from Hares, which was provisionally named "Treponema paraluisleporis", revealed that T. paraluiscuniculi affects rabbits clinically, but only causes seroconversion in Hares without causing clinical disease, while "T. paraluisleporis" induces disease in both rabbits and Hares. The 16S rRNA gene of "T. paraluisleporis" was sequenced (GenBank acc. no. JX899416) and compared to the sequence of T. paraluiscuniculi strain Cuniculi A. A phylogenetic tree based on the sequence alignment of 2002 bp taken from several treponemal strains was constructed. Both "T. paraluisleporis" and T. paraluiscuniculi are clustered together indicating their common origin. The close phylogenetic relatedness of both representatives supports the conclusion that subspecies or ecovar status should be given to these strains rather than species status. A more appropriate species name might be Treponema paraluisleporidarum. The genitive refers to the nominative Leporidae (family of rabbits and Hares). The naturally occurring strain in rabbits would than be T. paraluisleporidarum ecovar Cuniculus and the strain from Hares T. paraluisleporidarum ecovar Lepus. Since the former seems to have fewer physiological hosts, ecovar Lepus may represent an evolutionary ancestor of ecovar Cuniculus.
Håkan Tegelström - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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species assignment and hybrid identification among scandinavian Hares lepus europaeus and l timidus
Wildlife Biology, 2006Co-Authors: Carl-gustaf Thulin, Håkan Tegelström, John Stone, C W WalkerAbstract:Abstract In Scandinavia, suspected hybrids between the native mountain hare Lepus timidus and the introduced brown hare L. europaeus have been observed by hunters since the first introductions of brown Hares in the late 19th century. Several attempts to verify the status of these suspected hybrids have been unsuccessful. Recently, however, the transmission of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from mountain Hares to brown Hares was documented and interpreted as a consequence of hybridisation and subsequent introgression. However, mtDNA markers alone will not allow identification of first-generation hybrids because of the strictly maternal inheritance of mitochondria. Here, we combine mtDNA data with analyses of variation in seven microsatellite loci among brown Hares, mountain Hares and putative hybrids. Our purpose was to determine species differentiation in nuclear DNA markers, elucidate the extent of interspecific gene flow, identify true hybrids within our sample and evaluate the ability of hunters to identify...
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Biased geographical distribution of mitochondrial DNA that passed the species barrier from mountain Hares to brown Hares (genus Lepus): an effect of genetic incompatibility and mating behaviour?
Journal of Zoology, 2002Co-Authors: Carl-gustaf Thulin, Håkan TegelströmAbstract:Through interspecific hybridization and subsequent backcrossing, genes and genomes may be transferred over the species barrier. In Sweden, the introduced brown hare Lepus europaeus hybridizes with the native mountain hare L. timidus. To investigate the direction and the extent of transfer of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) between the species, the mtDNA haplotypes were screened in 522 brown Hares and 149 mountain Hares from areas of sympatry and allopatry. A total of 51 brown Hares with mountain hare mtDNA, but no mountain Hares with brown hare mtDNA were detected. Thus, mtDNA transfer over the species barrier is directed from mountain Hares to brown Hares. We argue that frequency-dependent hybridization and/or interspecific male competition mediates this directionality. Further, the percentage of brown Hares with transmitted mountain hare mtDNA was lower in areas of former species sympatry (0.6%) compared to areas of current sympatry (15%). Thus, the transferred mtDNA may disappear from brown hare populations if there is no continuous input through hybridization. We suggest that specimens with an alien mtDNA experience a fitness reduction as a result of a functional incompatibility between the cytoplasmic mitochondrial genomes and the cell nucleus.
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The occurrence of mountain hare mitochondrial DNA in wild brown Hares
Molecular Ecology, 1997Co-Authors: Carl-gustaf Thulin, M. Jaarola, Håkan TegelströmAbstract:If interspecific hybrids are fertile and backcross to either parental species, transmission of mitochondrial DNA over the species barrier can occur. To investigate if such transmission has occurred between the brown hare Lepus europeus Pall and the mountain hare L. timidus L. in Scandinavia, an analysis of genetic variation in mitochondrial DNA from 36 Hares, collected from 15 localities, was performed. Sequence divergence of mtDNA between species was estimated at 8 ± 1% (SD). Intraspecific mtDNA sequence divergence varied between 0.09 and 0.38% in brown Hares and 0.10 and 1.44% in mountain Hares. In six out of 18 brown Hares examined, two different haplotypes of mountain hare origin were detected, demonstrating a transmission of mtDNA haplotypes from mountain Hares to brown Hares. The results indicate that interspecific hybridization between the two species occurs in wild populations.
Somasundhari Shanmuganandam - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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uncovering the microbiome of invasive sympatric european brown Hares and european rabbits in australia
PeerJ, 2020Co-Authors: Somasundhari Shanmuganandam, Tanja Strive, Benjamin Schwessinger, Robyn N HallAbstract:Background European brown Hares (Lepus europaeus) and European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are invasive pest species in Australia, with rabbits having a substantially larger environmental impact than Hares. As their spatial distribution in Australia partially overlaps, we conducted a comparative microbiome study to determine how the composition of gastrointestinal microbiota varies between these species, since this may indicate species differences in diet, physiology, and other internal and external factors. Methods We analysed the faecal microbiome of nine wild Hares and twelve wild rabbits from a sympatric periurban reserve in Canberra, Australia, using a 16S rRNA amplicon-based sequencing approach. Additionally, we compared the concordance between results from Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms. Results We identified significantly more variation in faecal microbiome composition between individual rabbits compared to Hares, despite both species occupying a similar habitat. The faecal microbiome in both species was dominated by the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, typical of many vertebrates. Many phyla, including Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria and Patescibacteria, were shared between rabbits and Hares. In contrast, bacteria from phylum Verrucomicrobia were present only in rabbits, while phyla Lentisphaerae and Synergistetes were represented only in Hares. We did not identify phylum Spirochaetes in Australian Hares; this phylum was previously shown to be present at high relative abundance in European hare faecal samples. These differences in the composition of faecal microbiota may be indicative of less discriminate foraging behaviour in rabbits, which in turn may enable them to adapt quicker to new environments, and may reflect the severe environmental impacts that this species has in Australia.
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uncovering the microbiome of invasive sympatric european brown Hares and european rabbits in australia
bioRxiv, 2019Co-Authors: Somasundhari Shanmuganandam, Tanja Strive, Benjamin Schwessinger, Robyn N HallAbstract:Abstract European brown Hares (Lepus europaeus) and European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) are invasive pest species in Australia, with rabbits having a substantially larger environmental impact than Hares. As their spatial distribution in Australia partially overlaps, we conducted a comparative microbiome study to determine how the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota varies between these species, since this may indicate species differences in diet, physiology, and other internal and external factors. We analysed the faecal microbiome of wild Hares and rabbits from a sympatric environment, additionally comparing Illumina and Nanopore sequencing platforms. The faecal microbiomes varied significantly between Hares and rabbits, despite both species occupying a similar habitat. Moreover, we identified significantly more variation in faecal microbiome composition between individual rabbits compared to Hares. The faecal microbiome in both species was dominated by the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, typical of many vertebrates. Many phyla, including Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Patescibacteria, were shared between rabbits and Hares. In contrast, bacteria from phylum Verrucomicrobia were present only in rabbits, while phyla Lentisphaerae and Synergistetes were represented only in Hares. We did not identify phylum Spirochetes in Australian Hares; this phylum was previously shown to be present at high relative abundance in European hare faecal samples. These differences in the faecal microbiota between Hares and rabbits in Australia may be associated with differences in diet, and potentially behaviour, of the host species in their non-native range, which may influence the environmental impacts that these species have in Australia.
Johannes T. Lumeij - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Is there a difference between hare syphilis and rabbit syphilis? Cross infection experiments between rabbits and Hares.
Veterinary Microbiology, 2013Co-Authors: Johannes T. Lumeij, Lenka Mikalová, David SmajsAbstract:Cross infection of rabbits and Hares with Treponema paraluiscuniculi from rabbits and the related microorganism from Hares, which was provisionally named "Treponema paraluisleporis", revealed that T. paraluiscuniculi affects rabbits clinically, but only causes seroconversion in Hares without causing clinical disease, while "T. paraluisleporis" induces disease in both rabbits and Hares. The 16S rRNA gene of "T. paraluisleporis" was sequenced (GenBank acc. no. JX899416) and compared to the sequence of T. paraluiscuniculi strain Cuniculi A. A phylogenetic tree based on the sequence alignment of 2002 bp taken from several treponemal strains was constructed. Both "T. paraluisleporis" and T. paraluiscuniculi are clustered together indicating their common origin. The close phylogenetic relatedness of both representatives supports the conclusion that subspecies or ecovar status should be given to these strains rather than species status. A more appropriate species name might be Treponema paraluisleporidarum. The genitive refers to the nominative Leporidae (family of rabbits and Hares). The naturally occurring strain in rabbits would than be T. paraluisleporidarum ecovar Cuniculus and the strain from Hares T. paraluisleporidarum ecovar Lepus. Since the former seems to have fewer physiological hosts, ecovar Lepus may represent an evolutionary ancestor of ecovar Cuniculus.
