Head Blight

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Hartwig H. Geiger - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Lack of Association between Fusarium Foot Rot and Head Blight Resistance in Winter Rye
    Crop Science, 1997
    Co-Authors: Thomas Miedaner, G. Gang, Carsten Reinbrecht, Hartwig H. Geiger
    Abstract:

    Foot rot and Head Blight caused by Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc. may lead to considerable loss of yield and grain quality in winter rye (Secale cereale L.). Breeding for resistance to the two diseases would be facilitated if the same resistance mechanisms were involved. The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic correlation between the resistance to the two diseases in advanced winter rye breeding materials. Twenty self-fertile inbred lines were grown at two locations in South Germany in 1992, 1993, and 1994 (six environments). Lines were arranged in three adjacent treatment blocks: no inoculation, inoculation for foot rot, and inoculation for Head Blight. Disease severity was rated on a 1-to-9 scale for foot rot and Head Blight. Besides the foot rot and Head Blight rating scale, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to quantify the amount of Fusarium protein within stem issue from the foot rot treatment and relative grain weight was measured from the Head Blight treatment. In all but one environment, F. culmorum was re-isolated from diseased stems at high percentages (≥90%). Disease severity was moderate for foot rot and Head Blight rating at all environments. Mean ELISA absorbance was 0.55 and mean relative grain weight 77.4%. Significant genotypic variation existed for all resistance traits. Broad-sense heritabilities, calculated on an entry-mean basis, were high for foot rot and Head Blight rating (h 2 0.8) and somewhat lower for ELISA absorbance and relative grain weight (h 2 0.5-0.6). No significant correlation was found between the resistances to foot rot and Head Blight. This was confirmed by a highly significant (P = 0.01) genotype-plant organ interaction. Thus, resistance mechanisms most likely differ for the two diseases. Resistance selection requires separate multi-environmental screening tests for F. culmorum foot rot and Head Blight.

  • Estimates of combining ability for resistance of winter rye to Fusarium culmorum Head Blight
    Euphytica, 1996
    Co-Authors: Thomas Miedaner, Hartwig H. Geiger
    Abstract:

    Head Blight caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum is damaging in all winter rye (Secale cereale L.) growing areas. For hybrid breeding, the relative magnitude of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is a crucial parameter for developing appropriate selection procedures. Forty single-cross hybrids were produced by crossing six and seven inbred lines of the Petkus and Carsten gene pool, respectively, in a factorial design. Hybrids were evaluated in two years with artificial F. culmorum inoculation. Resistance traits were Head Blight rating and grain weight relative to the non-inoculated control. Both resistance traits were closely correlated across both years (r≈-0.8, P=0.01). Significant genotypic variation was found for both traits with medium to high estimates of heritability (h2=0.6-0.8). Components of variance for GCA were, across years, 10 and 6 times larger than those for SCA for Head Blight rating and relative grain weight, respectively. Significant SCA effects were found for 15 to 20% of all cross combinations across both traits in each year. SCA effects were, however, inconsistent over years leading to a high SCA-year interaction. In conclusion, resistance to Fusarium Head Blight among the interpool hybrids tested was conditioned mainly by additive gene action that could be utilized by recurrent selection in multi-environment trials.

  • Genetic variation for foot-rot and Fusarium Head-Blight resistances among full-sib families of a self-incompatible winter rye (Secale cereale L.) population.
    Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1995
    Co-Authors: Thomas Miedaner, Franz Joachim Fromme, Hartwig H. Geiger
    Abstract:

    The amount of genetic variation for resistance to foot rot caused by Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Fusarium spp., and Microdochium nivale and for resistance to Head Blight caused by Fusarium culmorum are important parameters when estimating selection gain from recurrent selection in winter rye. One-hundred and eighty-six full-sib families of the selfincompatible population variety Halo, representing the Petkus gene pool, were tested for foot-rot resistance at five German location-year combinations (environments) and for Head-Blight resistance in three environments with artificial inoculation in all but one environment. Foot-rot rating was based on 25 stems per plot scored individually on a 1–9 scale. Head-Blight resistance was plotwise scored on a 1–9 scale and, additionally, grain-weight per spike was measured relative to the non-inoculated control plots. Significant estimates of genotypic variance and medium-sized heritabilities (h2=0.51–0.69) were observed in the combined analyses for all resistance traits. In four out of five environments, the amount of genetic variance was substantially smaller for foot-rot than for Head-Blight rating. Considerable environmental effects and significant genotype-environment interactions were found for both foot-rot and Head-Blight resistance. Coefficients of error-corrected correlation among environments were considerably closer than phenotypic correlations. No significant association was found between the resistances to both diseases (r=-0.20 to 0.17). In conclusion, intra-population improvement by recurrent selection should lead to substantial higher foot-rot and Head-Blight resistances due to significant quantitative genetic variation within Halo. Selection should be carried out in several environments. Lack of correlation between foot-rot and Head-Blight resistance requires separate infection tests for improving both resistances.

Thomas Miedaner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • association among aggressiveness fungal colonization and mycotoxin production of 26 isolates of fusarium graminearum in winter rye Head Blight
    Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, 2000
    Co-Authors: Thomas Miedaner, Carsten Reinbrecht, A G Schilling
    Abstract:

    Fusarium graminearum infects winter rye in all growth stages. Twenty-six isolates collected on a worldwide basis were analyzed for aggressiveness for Head Blight of winter rye, host colonization, measured by ergosterol (ERG), deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) production in grain samples at two field locations in 1 year. Both aggressiveness traits, Head Blight rating and grain weight relative to non-inoculated plots, significantly differed among isolates. Twenty-two isolates produced DON and four isolates NIV in considerable amounts (5.8-72.6 and 4.5-15.8 mg kg -1 , resp.). All DON producers also secreted 3-acetyl DON, 18 of them additionally 15-acetyl DON. Mean aggressiveness was slightly higher for the DON producers. Correlations among Head Blight rating, relative grain weight, ERG content and DON production were tight (r = 0.8 - 0.9, P = 0.01). ERG content also differed significantly among isolates (34.7-159.1 mg kg -1 ). To evaluate DON production rate of the isolates irrespective of their amount of mycelium within host tissue, the DON/ERG ratio was calculated. This ratio, however, did not correlate with Head Blight rating and relative grain weight (r = 0.28 and -0.25, resp.) indicating that in the field DON might be not the most important factor of aggressiveness of F graminearum.

  • Lack of Association between Fusarium Foot Rot and Head Blight Resistance in Winter Rye
    Crop Science, 1997
    Co-Authors: Thomas Miedaner, G. Gang, Carsten Reinbrecht, Hartwig H. Geiger
    Abstract:

    Foot rot and Head Blight caused by Fusarium culmorum (W.G. Sm.) Sacc. may lead to considerable loss of yield and grain quality in winter rye (Secale cereale L.). Breeding for resistance to the two diseases would be facilitated if the same resistance mechanisms were involved. The purpose of this study was to estimate the genetic correlation between the resistance to the two diseases in advanced winter rye breeding materials. Twenty self-fertile inbred lines were grown at two locations in South Germany in 1992, 1993, and 1994 (six environments). Lines were arranged in three adjacent treatment blocks: no inoculation, inoculation for foot rot, and inoculation for Head Blight. Disease severity was rated on a 1-to-9 scale for foot rot and Head Blight. Besides the foot rot and Head Blight rating scale, ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was used to quantify the amount of Fusarium protein within stem issue from the foot rot treatment and relative grain weight was measured from the Head Blight treatment. In all but one environment, F. culmorum was re-isolated from diseased stems at high percentages (≥90%). Disease severity was moderate for foot rot and Head Blight rating at all environments. Mean ELISA absorbance was 0.55 and mean relative grain weight 77.4%. Significant genotypic variation existed for all resistance traits. Broad-sense heritabilities, calculated on an entry-mean basis, were high for foot rot and Head Blight rating (h 2 0.8) and somewhat lower for ELISA absorbance and relative grain weight (h 2 0.5-0.6). No significant correlation was found between the resistances to foot rot and Head Blight. This was confirmed by a highly significant (P = 0.01) genotype-plant organ interaction. Thus, resistance mechanisms most likely differ for the two diseases. Resistance selection requires separate multi-environmental screening tests for F. culmorum foot rot and Head Blight.

  • Estimates of combining ability for resistance of winter rye to Fusarium culmorum Head Blight
    Euphytica, 1996
    Co-Authors: Thomas Miedaner, Hartwig H. Geiger
    Abstract:

    Head Blight caused by Fusarium culmorum and F. graminearum is damaging in all winter rye (Secale cereale L.) growing areas. For hybrid breeding, the relative magnitude of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) is a crucial parameter for developing appropriate selection procedures. Forty single-cross hybrids were produced by crossing six and seven inbred lines of the Petkus and Carsten gene pool, respectively, in a factorial design. Hybrids were evaluated in two years with artificial F. culmorum inoculation. Resistance traits were Head Blight rating and grain weight relative to the non-inoculated control. Both resistance traits were closely correlated across both years (r≈-0.8, P=0.01). Significant genotypic variation was found for both traits with medium to high estimates of heritability (h2=0.6-0.8). Components of variance for GCA were, across years, 10 and 6 times larger than those for SCA for Head Blight rating and relative grain weight, respectively. Significant SCA effects were found for 15 to 20% of all cross combinations across both traits in each year. SCA effects were, however, inconsistent over years leading to a high SCA-year interaction. In conclusion, resistance to Fusarium Head Blight among the interpool hybrids tested was conditioned mainly by additive gene action that could be utilized by recurrent selection in multi-environment trials.

  • Genetic variation for foot-rot and Fusarium Head-Blight resistances among full-sib families of a self-incompatible winter rye (Secale cereale L.) population.
    Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1995
    Co-Authors: Thomas Miedaner, Franz Joachim Fromme, Hartwig H. Geiger
    Abstract:

    The amount of genetic variation for resistance to foot rot caused by Pseudocercosporella herpotrichoides, Fusarium spp., and Microdochium nivale and for resistance to Head Blight caused by Fusarium culmorum are important parameters when estimating selection gain from recurrent selection in winter rye. One-hundred and eighty-six full-sib families of the selfincompatible population variety Halo, representing the Petkus gene pool, were tested for foot-rot resistance at five German location-year combinations (environments) and for Head-Blight resistance in three environments with artificial inoculation in all but one environment. Foot-rot rating was based on 25 stems per plot scored individually on a 1–9 scale. Head-Blight resistance was plotwise scored on a 1–9 scale and, additionally, grain-weight per spike was measured relative to the non-inoculated control plots. Significant estimates of genotypic variance and medium-sized heritabilities (h2=0.51–0.69) were observed in the combined analyses for all resistance traits. In four out of five environments, the amount of genetic variance was substantially smaller for foot-rot than for Head-Blight rating. Considerable environmental effects and significant genotype-environment interactions were found for both foot-rot and Head-Blight resistance. Coefficients of error-corrected correlation among environments were considerably closer than phenotypic correlations. No significant association was found between the resistances to both diseases (r=-0.20 to 0.17). In conclusion, intra-population improvement by recurrent selection should lead to substantial higher foot-rot and Head-Blight resistances due to significant quantitative genetic variation within Halo. Selection should be carried out in several environments. Lack of correlation between foot-rot and Head-Blight resistance requires separate infection tests for improving both resistances.

  • Variation and covariation for quantitative resistance to Head Blight (Fusarium culmorum) in two testcross series of S2 lines in winter rye
    Plant Breeding, 1995
    Co-Authors: Thomas Miedaner, D. E. Ziegler, H. H. Geiger
    Abstract:

    The amount of genetic variation among inbred lines and testcrosses, and covariation between both genetic materials, are of crucial importance for selection efficiency in hybrid breeding. To estimate these quantitative genetic parameters for resistance of winter rye (Secale cereale) to Head Blight caused by Fusarium culmorum, 88 three-way cross hybrids, produced by crossing each of 44 S2 Carsten inbred lines with two unrelated Petkus single-cross testers, were evaluated along with the parental lines over 2 years. Resistance traits were Head-Blight rating and grain weight per spike relative to the non-inoculated control. Significant genotypic variation occurred among lines and in both testcross series. S2 lines displayed considerably more variation than testcross series. Genotype × environment interaction was more marked among the inbred lines, while estimates of heritability were similar for both genetic materials. Testcrosses showed heterosis for Head-Blight resistance. No relationship existed between S2 lines and the two testcross series for any resistance trait. This might be caused by an association between inbreeding and Fusarium-Head-Blight susceptibility and different inbreeding depression among the S2 population. The phenotypic correlations between the testcross series were moderate for both traits (r = 0.58, P < 0.01). In conclusion, Fusarium-Head-Blight resistance has to be selected at the respective heterozygosity levels.

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