The Experts below are selected from a list of 11337 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lin Feng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary biotin deficiency decreased growth performance and impaired the immune function of the Head Kidney spleen and skin in on growing grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Peng He, Qihui Yang, Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Pei Wu, Jun Jiang, Shengyao KuangAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary biotin deficiency on the growth performance and immune function of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 on-growing grass carp (117.11 ± 0.48 g) were fed six diets containing increasing levels of biotin (0.012, 0.110, 0.214, 0.311, 0.427 and 0.518 mg/kg diet) for 70 days. Subsequently, a challenge experiment was performed by infecting them with Aeromonas hydrophila for six days. Our results showed that compared with the appropriate biotin level, (1) biotin deficiency (0.012 mg/kg diet) reduced the activities of lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP), decreased the contents of complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM), as well as reduced the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp; (2) biotin deficiency reduced the mRNA levels of anti-microbial substances: liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) -2A, LEAP-2B, hepcidin, β-defensin-1 and mucin 2 in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp; (3) biotin deficiency increased the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-17D, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2) partially in association with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling and reduced anti-inflammatory IL-4/13A, IL-10, IL-11 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA levels partially in association with target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp. Interestingly, biotin deficiency had no effect on the expression of IL-12p35, IL-4/13B, TGF-β2, 4E-BP1 (skin only) or IKKα in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp. In conclusion, the results indicated that biotin deficiency impaired the immune function of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, based on the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability to prevent skin haemorrhages and lesions, the LZ activity in the Head Kidney and the C4 content in the spleen, the optimal dietary biotin levels for on-growing grass carp (117–534 g) were estimated as 0.210, 0.230, 0.245 and 0.238 mg/kg diet, respectively.
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Mannan oligosaccharides supplementation enhanced Head-Kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Weidan Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Xiao-qiu Zhou, Ling Tang, Juan Yang, Lin FengAbstract:Abstract This research investigates the influences of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on the Head-Kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its related mechanism. Fish were fed during 60 days at different levels of MOS (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg−1). Subsequently, 14 days after the feeding trial was injected intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila, the immune function was studied. The results are as follows: (1) appropriate MOS supplementation could increase the content of antibacterial compound and immunoglobulin (Ig), up-regulate antimicrobial peptides transcriptional levels in these two organs; (2) appropriate MOS supplementation attenuated inflammatory response in these two organs by regulating cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) and related signalling pathways (NF-κB and TOR). The interesting points though, was, no differences were found in liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-4/13B, IκB kinase (IKK) α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p52 gene expression in these two organs. Consequently, the present research suggests that MOS supplementation can enhance Head-Kidney and spleen immune function. Finally, we obtained these appropriate MOS dose (538.5 and 585.8 mg kg−1) by quadratic regression analysis of lysozyme activity (Head-Kidney) and phosphatase activity (spleen), respectively.
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Inconsistently impairment of immune function and structural integrity of Head Kidney and spleen by vitamin A deficiency in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Jun Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Ling Tang, Li Zhang, Xiao-qiu ZhouAbstract:To investigate effects of vitamin A (VA) on fish immune function and structural integrity in the Head Kidney and spleen of fish, total of 540 on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were divided into six groups, feeding graded levels of VA (0, 600, 1200, 1800, 2800 and 3800 IU/kg diet) for 70 days. Results showed that dietary VA deficiency depressed antibacterial ability and aggravated inflammatory response partially linked to nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways in the Head Kidney and spleen of fish. Meanwhile, VA deficiency caused oxidative damage, apoptosis and disruption of tight junctions (TJs), which were partially attributed to the down-regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling mediated antioxidant ability, the up-regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling mediated apoptosis and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling mediated disruption of tight junctions (TJs). Taken together, current study firstly demonstrated that VA deficiency decreased the immune function and damaged the structural integrity of the Head Kidney and spleen in fish.
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selenium deficiency impaired structural integrity of the Head Kidney spleen and skin in young grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Lin Zheng, Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Shengyao Kuang, Ling Tang, Yun-yun Zeng, Xiao-qiu ZhouAbstract:Abstract This study focused on the effects of dietary selenium deficiency on structural integrity of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (mean weight 226.48 ± 0.68 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of selenium (0.025–1.049 mg/kg diet) for 80 days. Results showed that selenium deficiency (1) caused oxidative damage in part by reducing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GR) and glutathione (GSH) content, down-regulating the transcript abundances of antioxidant enzymes (except GSTp1) partly related to Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling; (2) aggravated apoptosis in part by up-regulating the mRNA levels of caspase-2, -3, -7, -8 and -9, which were partially related to p38MAPK/FasL/caspase-8 signalling and JNK/(BAX, Bcl-2, Mcl-1b, IAP)/(Apaf1, caspase-9) signalling; (3) damaged the tight junctions in part by down-regulating the mRNA levels of ZO-1 (except spleen), ZO-2 (except spleen), claudin-c, -f, -7, -11 and claudin-15, and up-regulating the mRNA levels of claudin-12, which were partially related to myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling. Interesting, selenium deficiency failed to affect the expression of GSTp1, Keap1a, occludin, claudin-b, claudin-3c, ZO-1 (spleen only) and ZO-2 (spleen only) in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp. Finally, based on the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin, the dietary selenium requirements for young grass carp were estimated to be 0.558–0.588 mg/kg diet.
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Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by enhancing immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Hua-xi Liu, Weidan Jiang, Jun Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Xiao-qiu Zhou, Ling Tang, Yun-yun Zeng, Lin FengAbstract:Abstract This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on growth and immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (with initial body weight at 216.59 ± 0.33 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of LA for 70 days. Un-supplemented group did not find LA and its concentrations in the other five diets were 203.25, 403.82, 591.42, 781.25 and 953.18 mg kg−1, respectively. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the un-supplemented group, optimal LA improved lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, enhanced complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin (Ig) M contents and up-regulated hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp; meanwhile, optimal LA up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, interleukin (IL)-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 mRNA levels partly related to target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 (not IL-12p35), IL-15 (not in the skin) and IL-17D mRNA levels partially associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp. Above results indicated that optimal LA enhanced the immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Interestingly, excessive LA decreased the growth and impaired the immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, on the basis of the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against skin hemorrhage and lesion, the IgM content in the Head Kidney and the LZ activity in the spleen, the optimal dietary LA levels were estimated to be 315.37, 382.33, 353.19 and 318.26 mg kg−1 diet, respectively.
Weidan Jiang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary biotin deficiency decreased growth performance and impaired the immune function of the Head Kidney spleen and skin in on growing grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Peng He, Qihui Yang, Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Pei Wu, Jun Jiang, Shengyao KuangAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary biotin deficiency on the growth performance and immune function of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 on-growing grass carp (117.11 ± 0.48 g) were fed six diets containing increasing levels of biotin (0.012, 0.110, 0.214, 0.311, 0.427 and 0.518 mg/kg diet) for 70 days. Subsequently, a challenge experiment was performed by infecting them with Aeromonas hydrophila for six days. Our results showed that compared with the appropriate biotin level, (1) biotin deficiency (0.012 mg/kg diet) reduced the activities of lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP), decreased the contents of complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM), as well as reduced the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp; (2) biotin deficiency reduced the mRNA levels of anti-microbial substances: liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) -2A, LEAP-2B, hepcidin, β-defensin-1 and mucin 2 in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp; (3) biotin deficiency increased the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-17D, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2) partially in association with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling and reduced anti-inflammatory IL-4/13A, IL-10, IL-11 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA levels partially in association with target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp. Interestingly, biotin deficiency had no effect on the expression of IL-12p35, IL-4/13B, TGF-β2, 4E-BP1 (skin only) or IKKα in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp. In conclusion, the results indicated that biotin deficiency impaired the immune function of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, based on the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability to prevent skin haemorrhages and lesions, the LZ activity in the Head Kidney and the C4 content in the spleen, the optimal dietary biotin levels for on-growing grass carp (117–534 g) were estimated as 0.210, 0.230, 0.245 and 0.238 mg/kg diet, respectively.
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Mannan oligosaccharides supplementation enhanced Head-Kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Weidan Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Xiao-qiu Zhou, Ling Tang, Juan Yang, Lin FengAbstract:Abstract This research investigates the influences of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on the Head-Kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its related mechanism. Fish were fed during 60 days at different levels of MOS (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg−1). Subsequently, 14 days after the feeding trial was injected intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila, the immune function was studied. The results are as follows: (1) appropriate MOS supplementation could increase the content of antibacterial compound and immunoglobulin (Ig), up-regulate antimicrobial peptides transcriptional levels in these two organs; (2) appropriate MOS supplementation attenuated inflammatory response in these two organs by regulating cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) and related signalling pathways (NF-κB and TOR). The interesting points though, was, no differences were found in liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-4/13B, IκB kinase (IKK) α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p52 gene expression in these two organs. Consequently, the present research suggests that MOS supplementation can enhance Head-Kidney and spleen immune function. Finally, we obtained these appropriate MOS dose (538.5 and 585.8 mg kg−1) by quadratic regression analysis of lysozyme activity (Head-Kidney) and phosphatase activity (spleen), respectively.
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Inconsistently impairment of immune function and structural integrity of Head Kidney and spleen by vitamin A deficiency in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Jun Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Ling Tang, Li Zhang, Xiao-qiu ZhouAbstract:To investigate effects of vitamin A (VA) on fish immune function and structural integrity in the Head Kidney and spleen of fish, total of 540 on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were divided into six groups, feeding graded levels of VA (0, 600, 1200, 1800, 2800 and 3800 IU/kg diet) for 70 days. Results showed that dietary VA deficiency depressed antibacterial ability and aggravated inflammatory response partially linked to nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways in the Head Kidney and spleen of fish. Meanwhile, VA deficiency caused oxidative damage, apoptosis and disruption of tight junctions (TJs), which were partially attributed to the down-regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling mediated antioxidant ability, the up-regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling mediated apoptosis and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling mediated disruption of tight junctions (TJs). Taken together, current study firstly demonstrated that VA deficiency decreased the immune function and damaged the structural integrity of the Head Kidney and spleen in fish.
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selenium deficiency impaired structural integrity of the Head Kidney spleen and skin in young grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Lin Zheng, Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Shengyao Kuang, Ling Tang, Yun-yun Zeng, Xiao-qiu ZhouAbstract:Abstract This study focused on the effects of dietary selenium deficiency on structural integrity of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (mean weight 226.48 ± 0.68 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of selenium (0.025–1.049 mg/kg diet) for 80 days. Results showed that selenium deficiency (1) caused oxidative damage in part by reducing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GR) and glutathione (GSH) content, down-regulating the transcript abundances of antioxidant enzymes (except GSTp1) partly related to Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling; (2) aggravated apoptosis in part by up-regulating the mRNA levels of caspase-2, -3, -7, -8 and -9, which were partially related to p38MAPK/FasL/caspase-8 signalling and JNK/(BAX, Bcl-2, Mcl-1b, IAP)/(Apaf1, caspase-9) signalling; (3) damaged the tight junctions in part by down-regulating the mRNA levels of ZO-1 (except spleen), ZO-2 (except spleen), claudin-c, -f, -7, -11 and claudin-15, and up-regulating the mRNA levels of claudin-12, which were partially related to myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling. Interesting, selenium deficiency failed to affect the expression of GSTp1, Keap1a, occludin, claudin-b, claudin-3c, ZO-1 (spleen only) and ZO-2 (spleen only) in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp. Finally, based on the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin, the dietary selenium requirements for young grass carp were estimated to be 0.558–0.588 mg/kg diet.
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Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by enhancing immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Hua-xi Liu, Weidan Jiang, Jun Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Xiao-qiu Zhou, Ling Tang, Yun-yun Zeng, Lin FengAbstract:Abstract This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on growth and immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (with initial body weight at 216.59 ± 0.33 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of LA for 70 days. Un-supplemented group did not find LA and its concentrations in the other five diets were 203.25, 403.82, 591.42, 781.25 and 953.18 mg kg−1, respectively. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the un-supplemented group, optimal LA improved lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, enhanced complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin (Ig) M contents and up-regulated hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp; meanwhile, optimal LA up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, interleukin (IL)-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 mRNA levels partly related to target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 (not IL-12p35), IL-15 (not in the skin) and IL-17D mRNA levels partially associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp. Above results indicated that optimal LA enhanced the immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Interestingly, excessive LA decreased the growth and impaired the immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, on the basis of the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against skin hemorrhage and lesion, the IgM content in the Head Kidney and the LZ activity in the spleen, the optimal dietary LA levels were estimated to be 315.37, 382.33, 353.19 and 318.26 mg kg−1 diet, respectively.
Xiao-qiu Zhou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mannan oligosaccharides supplementation enhanced Head-Kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Weidan Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Xiao-qiu Zhou, Ling Tang, Juan Yang, Lin FengAbstract:Abstract This research investigates the influences of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on the Head-Kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its related mechanism. Fish were fed during 60 days at different levels of MOS (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg−1). Subsequently, 14 days after the feeding trial was injected intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila, the immune function was studied. The results are as follows: (1) appropriate MOS supplementation could increase the content of antibacterial compound and immunoglobulin (Ig), up-regulate antimicrobial peptides transcriptional levels in these two organs; (2) appropriate MOS supplementation attenuated inflammatory response in these two organs by regulating cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) and related signalling pathways (NF-κB and TOR). The interesting points though, was, no differences were found in liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-4/13B, IκB kinase (IKK) α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p52 gene expression in these two organs. Consequently, the present research suggests that MOS supplementation can enhance Head-Kidney and spleen immune function. Finally, we obtained these appropriate MOS dose (538.5 and 585.8 mg kg−1) by quadratic regression analysis of lysozyme activity (Head-Kidney) and phosphatase activity (spleen), respectively.
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Inconsistently impairment of immune function and structural integrity of Head Kidney and spleen by vitamin A deficiency in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Jun Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Ling Tang, Li Zhang, Xiao-qiu ZhouAbstract:To investigate effects of vitamin A (VA) on fish immune function and structural integrity in the Head Kidney and spleen of fish, total of 540 on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were divided into six groups, feeding graded levels of VA (0, 600, 1200, 1800, 2800 and 3800 IU/kg diet) for 70 days. Results showed that dietary VA deficiency depressed antibacterial ability and aggravated inflammatory response partially linked to nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways in the Head Kidney and spleen of fish. Meanwhile, VA deficiency caused oxidative damage, apoptosis and disruption of tight junctions (TJs), which were partially attributed to the down-regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling mediated antioxidant ability, the up-regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling mediated apoptosis and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling mediated disruption of tight junctions (TJs). Taken together, current study firstly demonstrated that VA deficiency decreased the immune function and damaged the structural integrity of the Head Kidney and spleen in fish.
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selenium deficiency impaired structural integrity of the Head Kidney spleen and skin in young grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Lin Zheng, Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Shengyao Kuang, Ling Tang, Yun-yun Zeng, Xiao-qiu ZhouAbstract:Abstract This study focused on the effects of dietary selenium deficiency on structural integrity of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (mean weight 226.48 ± 0.68 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of selenium (0.025–1.049 mg/kg diet) for 80 days. Results showed that selenium deficiency (1) caused oxidative damage in part by reducing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GR) and glutathione (GSH) content, down-regulating the transcript abundances of antioxidant enzymes (except GSTp1) partly related to Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling; (2) aggravated apoptosis in part by up-regulating the mRNA levels of caspase-2, -3, -7, -8 and -9, which were partially related to p38MAPK/FasL/caspase-8 signalling and JNK/(BAX, Bcl-2, Mcl-1b, IAP)/(Apaf1, caspase-9) signalling; (3) damaged the tight junctions in part by down-regulating the mRNA levels of ZO-1 (except spleen), ZO-2 (except spleen), claudin-c, -f, -7, -11 and claudin-15, and up-regulating the mRNA levels of claudin-12, which were partially related to myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling. Interesting, selenium deficiency failed to affect the expression of GSTp1, Keap1a, occludin, claudin-b, claudin-3c, ZO-1 (spleen only) and ZO-2 (spleen only) in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp. Finally, based on the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin, the dietary selenium requirements for young grass carp were estimated to be 0.558–0.588 mg/kg diet.
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Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by enhancing immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Hua-xi Liu, Weidan Jiang, Jun Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Xiao-qiu Zhou, Ling Tang, Yun-yun Zeng, Lin FengAbstract:Abstract This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on growth and immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (with initial body weight at 216.59 ± 0.33 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of LA for 70 days. Un-supplemented group did not find LA and its concentrations in the other five diets were 203.25, 403.82, 591.42, 781.25 and 953.18 mg kg−1, respectively. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the un-supplemented group, optimal LA improved lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, enhanced complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin (Ig) M contents and up-regulated hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp; meanwhile, optimal LA up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, interleukin (IL)-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 mRNA levels partly related to target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 (not IL-12p35), IL-15 (not in the skin) and IL-17D mRNA levels partially associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp. Above results indicated that optimal LA enhanced the immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Interestingly, excessive LA decreased the growth and impaired the immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, on the basis of the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against skin hemorrhage and lesion, the IgM content in the Head Kidney and the LZ activity in the spleen, the optimal dietary LA levels were estimated to be 315.37, 382.33, 353.19 and 318.26 mg kg−1 diet, respectively.
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Effect of choline on antioxidant defenses and gene expressions of Nrf2 signaling molecule in the spleen and Head Kidney of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2014Co-Authors: Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Jun Jiang, Yang Liu, Gangfu Chen, Xiao-qiu ZhouAbstract:The present work evaluates the effects of various levels of dietary choline on antioxidant defenses and gene expressions of Nrf2 signaling molecule in spleen and Head Kidney of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Fish were fed with six different experimental diets containing graded levels of choline at 165 (choline-deficient control), 310, 607, 896, 1167 and 1820 mg kg−1 diet for 65 days. At the end of the feeding trail, fish were challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and mortalities were recorded over 17 days. Dietary choline significantly decreased malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl contents in spleen and Head Kidney. However, anti-superoxide anion and anti-hydroxyl radical activities in spleen and Head Kidney also decreased. Interestingly, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) in spleen, GPx activity in Head Kidney, and glutathione contents in spleen and Head Kidney were decreased with increase of dietary choline levels up to a certain point, whereas, activities of SOD, GST and GR in Head Kidney showed no significantly differences among groups. Similarly, expression levels of CuZnSOD, MnSOD, CAT, GPx1a, GPx1b and GR gene in spleen and Head Kidney were significantly lower in group with choline level of 607 mg kg−1 diet than those in the choline-deficient group. The relative gene expressions of Nrf2 in Head Kidney and Keap1a in spleen and Head Kidney were decreased with increasing of dietary choline up to a certain point. However, the relative gene expression of Nrf2 in spleen were not significantly affected by dietary choline. In conclusion, dietary choline decreased the oxidant damage and regulated the antioxidant system in immune organs of juvenile Jian carp.
Shengyao Kuang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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dietary biotin deficiency decreased growth performance and impaired the immune function of the Head Kidney spleen and skin in on growing grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Peng He, Qihui Yang, Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Pei Wu, Jun Jiang, Shengyao KuangAbstract:Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary biotin deficiency on the growth performance and immune function of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 on-growing grass carp (117.11 ± 0.48 g) were fed six diets containing increasing levels of biotin (0.012, 0.110, 0.214, 0.311, 0.427 and 0.518 mg/kg diet) for 70 days. Subsequently, a challenge experiment was performed by infecting them with Aeromonas hydrophila for six days. Our results showed that compared with the appropriate biotin level, (1) biotin deficiency (0.012 mg/kg diet) reduced the activities of lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP), decreased the contents of complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin M (IgM), as well as reduced the mRNA levels of antimicrobial peptides in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp; (2) biotin deficiency reduced the mRNA levels of anti-microbial substances: liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP) -2A, LEAP-2B, hepcidin, β-defensin-1 and mucin 2 in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp; (3) biotin deficiency increased the mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40, IL-15, IL-17D, tumour necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interferon γ2 (IFN-γ2) partially in association with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signalling and reduced anti-inflammatory IL-4/13A, IL-10, IL-11 and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA levels partially in association with target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp. Interestingly, biotin deficiency had no effect on the expression of IL-12p35, IL-4/13B, TGF-β2, 4E-BP1 (skin only) or IKKα in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of on-growing grass carp. In conclusion, the results indicated that biotin deficiency impaired the immune function of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, based on the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability to prevent skin haemorrhages and lesions, the LZ activity in the Head Kidney and the C4 content in the spleen, the optimal dietary biotin levels for on-growing grass carp (117–534 g) were estimated as 0.210, 0.230, 0.245 and 0.238 mg/kg diet, respectively.
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Mannan oligosaccharides supplementation enhanced Head-Kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Weidan Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Xiao-qiu Zhou, Ling Tang, Juan Yang, Lin FengAbstract:Abstract This research investigates the influences of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on the Head-Kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its related mechanism. Fish were fed during 60 days at different levels of MOS (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg−1). Subsequently, 14 days after the feeding trial was injected intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila, the immune function was studied. The results are as follows: (1) appropriate MOS supplementation could increase the content of antibacterial compound and immunoglobulin (Ig), up-regulate antimicrobial peptides transcriptional levels in these two organs; (2) appropriate MOS supplementation attenuated inflammatory response in these two organs by regulating cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) and related signalling pathways (NF-κB and TOR). The interesting points though, was, no differences were found in liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-4/13B, IκB kinase (IKK) α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p52 gene expression in these two organs. Consequently, the present research suggests that MOS supplementation can enhance Head-Kidney and spleen immune function. Finally, we obtained these appropriate MOS dose (538.5 and 585.8 mg kg−1) by quadratic regression analysis of lysozyme activity (Head-Kidney) and phosphatase activity (spleen), respectively.
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Inconsistently impairment of immune function and structural integrity of Head Kidney and spleen by vitamin A deficiency in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2020Co-Authors: Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Jun Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Ling Tang, Li Zhang, Xiao-qiu ZhouAbstract:To investigate effects of vitamin A (VA) on fish immune function and structural integrity in the Head Kidney and spleen of fish, total of 540 on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were divided into six groups, feeding graded levels of VA (0, 600, 1200, 1800, 2800 and 3800 IU/kg diet) for 70 days. Results showed that dietary VA deficiency depressed antibacterial ability and aggravated inflammatory response partially linked to nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways in the Head Kidney and spleen of fish. Meanwhile, VA deficiency caused oxidative damage, apoptosis and disruption of tight junctions (TJs), which were partially attributed to the down-regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling mediated antioxidant ability, the up-regulation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) signaling mediated apoptosis and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling mediated disruption of tight junctions (TJs). Taken together, current study firstly demonstrated that VA deficiency decreased the immune function and damaged the structural integrity of the Head Kidney and spleen in fish.
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selenium deficiency impaired structural integrity of the Head Kidney spleen and skin in young grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Lin Zheng, Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Shengyao Kuang, Ling Tang, Yun-yun Zeng, Xiao-qiu ZhouAbstract:Abstract This study focused on the effects of dietary selenium deficiency on structural integrity of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (mean weight 226.48 ± 0.68 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of selenium (0.025–1.049 mg/kg diet) for 80 days. Results showed that selenium deficiency (1) caused oxidative damage in part by reducing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GR) and glutathione (GSH) content, down-regulating the transcript abundances of antioxidant enzymes (except GSTp1) partly related to Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling; (2) aggravated apoptosis in part by up-regulating the mRNA levels of caspase-2, -3, -7, -8 and -9, which were partially related to p38MAPK/FasL/caspase-8 signalling and JNK/(BAX, Bcl-2, Mcl-1b, IAP)/(Apaf1, caspase-9) signalling; (3) damaged the tight junctions in part by down-regulating the mRNA levels of ZO-1 (except spleen), ZO-2 (except spleen), claudin-c, -f, -7, -11 and claudin-15, and up-regulating the mRNA levels of claudin-12, which were partially related to myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling. Interesting, selenium deficiency failed to affect the expression of GSTp1, Keap1a, occludin, claudin-b, claudin-3c, ZO-1 (spleen only) and ZO-2 (spleen only) in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp. Finally, based on the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin, the dietary selenium requirements for young grass carp were estimated to be 0.558–0.588 mg/kg diet.
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Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by enhancing immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Hua-xi Liu, Weidan Jiang, Jun Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Xiao-qiu Zhou, Ling Tang, Yun-yun Zeng, Lin FengAbstract:Abstract This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on growth and immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (with initial body weight at 216.59 ± 0.33 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of LA for 70 days. Un-supplemented group did not find LA and its concentrations in the other five diets were 203.25, 403.82, 591.42, 781.25 and 953.18 mg kg−1, respectively. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the un-supplemented group, optimal LA improved lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, enhanced complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin (Ig) M contents and up-regulated hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp; meanwhile, optimal LA up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, interleukin (IL)-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 mRNA levels partly related to target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 (not IL-12p35), IL-15 (not in the skin) and IL-17D mRNA levels partially associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp. Above results indicated that optimal LA enhanced the immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Interestingly, excessive LA decreased the growth and impaired the immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, on the basis of the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against skin hemorrhage and lesion, the IgM content in the Head Kidney and the LZ activity in the spleen, the optimal dietary LA levels were estimated to be 315.37, 382.33, 353.19 and 318.26 mg kg−1 diet, respectively.
Yun-yun Zeng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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selenium deficiency impaired structural integrity of the Head Kidney spleen and skin in young grass carp ctenopharyngodon idella
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Lin Zheng, Weidan Jiang, Lin Feng, Shengyao Kuang, Ling Tang, Yun-yun Zeng, Xiao-qiu ZhouAbstract:Abstract This study focused on the effects of dietary selenium deficiency on structural integrity of the Head Kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (mean weight 226.48 ± 0.68 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of selenium (0.025–1.049 mg/kg diet) for 80 days. Results showed that selenium deficiency (1) caused oxidative damage in part by reducing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (such as SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and GR) and glutathione (GSH) content, down-regulating the transcript abundances of antioxidant enzymes (except GSTp1) partly related to Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1a (Keap1a)/NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling; (2) aggravated apoptosis in part by up-regulating the mRNA levels of caspase-2, -3, -7, -8 and -9, which were partially related to p38MAPK/FasL/caspase-8 signalling and JNK/(BAX, Bcl-2, Mcl-1b, IAP)/(Apaf1, caspase-9) signalling; (3) damaged the tight junctions in part by down-regulating the mRNA levels of ZO-1 (except spleen), ZO-2 (except spleen), claudin-c, -f, -7, -11 and claudin-15, and up-regulating the mRNA levels of claudin-12, which were partially related to myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling. Interesting, selenium deficiency failed to affect the expression of GSTp1, Keap1a, occludin, claudin-b, claudin-3c, ZO-1 (spleen only) and ZO-2 (spleen only) in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of grass carp. Finally, based on the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin, the dietary selenium requirements for young grass carp were estimated to be 0.558–0.588 mg/kg diet.
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Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) by enhancing immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2018Co-Authors: Hua-xi Liu, Weidan Jiang, Jun Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Yang Liu, Xiao-qiu Zhou, Ling Tang, Yun-yun Zeng, Lin FengAbstract:Abstract This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on growth and immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (with initial body weight at 216.59 ± 0.33 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of LA for 70 days. Un-supplemented group did not find LA and its concentrations in the other five diets were 203.25, 403.82, 591.42, 781.25 and 953.18 mg kg−1, respectively. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the un-supplemented group, optimal LA improved lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, enhanced complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin (Ig) M contents and up-regulated hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp; meanwhile, optimal LA up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, interleukin (IL)-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 mRNA levels partly related to target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 (not IL-12p35), IL-15 (not in the skin) and IL-17D mRNA levels partially associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the Head Kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp. Above results indicated that optimal LA enhanced the immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Interestingly, excessive LA decreased the growth and impaired the immune function of Head Kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, on the basis of the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against skin hemorrhage and lesion, the IgM content in the Head Kidney and the LZ activity in the spleen, the optimal dietary LA levels were estimated to be 315.37, 382.33, 353.19 and 318.26 mg kg−1 diet, respectively.
