The Experts below are selected from a list of 360 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
G J Davies - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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stress social support and health related Behavior a study of smoking alcohol consumption and physical exercise
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1996Co-Authors: Andrew Steptoe, Jane Wardle, Tessa M Pollard, L Canaan, G J DaviesAbstract:The effects of academic examination stress on health Behavior was assessed in university students. It was hypothesized that the anticipation of examinations would lead to increases in cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, and to decreases in physical activity, and that effects would be particularly salient in students with low social supports. One hundred eighty students were divided into exam-stress (51 women, 64 men) and control (49 women, 16 men) groups, and were assessed at baseline and then within 2 weeks of exams, or an equivalent point for the control group. Perceived stress, emotional well-being and health Behaviors were assessed by questionnaire and interview. The exam-stress group reported significant increases in perceived stress and emotional distress between baseline and exam sessions, but responses were not affected by social support availability. The controls showed no systematic changes in health Behaviors. In the exam-stress group, smoking increased by an average of 54.7% between sessions in women with few social supports, but remained stable in men. There was a decrease in alcohol consumption of 17.5% in students with high social support between sessions, while those with low social supports showed an average increase of 18.5%. Physical activity decreased between baseline and exam sessions in the exam-stress group, but was not affected by social support. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of naturally occurring episodic stress on health Behaviors, and the role of social support in moderating responses.
Andrew Steptoe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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the impact of unemployment on heart rate variability the evidence from the czech republic
Biological Psychology, 2012Co-Authors: Vera K Jandackova, Karel Paulik, Andrew SteptoeAbstract:We examined the relationship between unemployment and heart rate variability (HRV) in a region of high unemployment in the Czech Republic. The study involved 21 involuntarily unemployed and 21 employed men and women aged 30-49 years, matched on number of potentially confounding factors, including age, gender, type of job, health related Behavior and body mass index. HRV was assessed in response to a modified orthostatic test. Compared with the employed group, unemployed participants had decreased high frequency HRV (p=0.018), lower root mean square of successive differences (p=0.050), and lower total spectral variability (p=0.022). These findings suggest that unemployment is a potential chronic stressor that may lead to suppression of vagal activity. This may be one mechanism linking unemployment with cardiovascular disease risk.
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stress social support and health related Behavior a study of smoking alcohol consumption and physical exercise
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 1996Co-Authors: Andrew Steptoe, Jane Wardle, Tessa M Pollard, L Canaan, G J DaviesAbstract:The effects of academic examination stress on health Behavior was assessed in university students. It was hypothesized that the anticipation of examinations would lead to increases in cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, and to decreases in physical activity, and that effects would be particularly salient in students with low social supports. One hundred eighty students were divided into exam-stress (51 women, 64 men) and control (49 women, 16 men) groups, and were assessed at baseline and then within 2 weeks of exams, or an equivalent point for the control group. Perceived stress, emotional well-being and health Behaviors were assessed by questionnaire and interview. The exam-stress group reported significant increases in perceived stress and emotional distress between baseline and exam sessions, but responses were not affected by social support availability. The controls showed no systematic changes in health Behaviors. In the exam-stress group, smoking increased by an average of 54.7% between sessions in women with few social supports, but remained stable in men. There was a decrease in alcohol consumption of 17.5% in students with high social support between sessions, while those with low social supports showed an average increase of 18.5%. Physical activity decreased between baseline and exam sessions in the exam-stress group, but was not affected by social support. The results are discussed in relation to the effects of naturally occurring episodic stress on health Behaviors, and the role of social support in moderating responses.
Paul E Spector - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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health consequences of work family conflict the dark side of the work family interface
Research in Occupational Stress and Well-Being Greenwich CT: JAI, 2006Co-Authors: Jeffrey H Greenhaus, Tammy D Allen, Paul E SpectorAbstract:In this chapter, we review the literature on the relationship of work–family conflict with health outcomes and well-being. We discuss the meaning of work–family conflict and then present a theoretical model that depicts the psychological process by which work–family conflict affects negative emotions, dissatisfaction with life and its component roles, Health-Related Behavior, and physical health. We conclude with suggestions regarding the development of a future research agenda.
Noel Sheehy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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type d personality mechanisms of effect the role of health related Behavior and social support
Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 2008Co-Authors: Lynn Williams, Rory C Oconnor, Siobhan Howard, Brian M Hughes, Derek W Johnston, Julia L Hay, Daryl B Oconnor, Christopher Alan Lewis, Eamonn Ferguson, Noel SheehyAbstract:Objective: To (a) investigate the prevalence of type-D personality (the conjoint effects of negative affectivity and social inhibition) in a healthy British and Irish population; (b) to test the influence of type-D on Health-Related Behavior, and (c) to determine if these relationships are explained by neuroticism. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed; 1012 healthy young adults (225 males, 787 females, mean age 20.5 years) from the United Kingdom and Ireland completed measures of type-D personality, health Behaviors, social support, and neuroticism. Results: The prevalence of type-D was found to be 38.5%, significantly higher than that reported in other European countries. In addition, type-D individuals reported performing significantly fewer Health-Related Behaviors and lower levels of social support than non-type-D individuals. These relationships remained significant after controlling for neuroticism. Conclusion: These findings provide new evidence on type-D and suggest a role for Health-Related Behavior in explaining the link between type-D and poor clinical prognosis in cardiac patients.
Frederick L Brancati - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus
The New England Journal of Medicine, 2000Co-Authors: Todd W Gress, Javier F Nieto, Eyal Shahar, Marion R Wofford, Frederick L BrancatiAbstract:Background Previous research has suggested that thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers may promote the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the results of these studies have been inconsistent, and many studies have been limited by inadequate data on outcomes and by potential confounding. Methods We conducted a prospective study of 12,550 adults 45 to 64 years old who did not have diabetes. An extensive health evaluation conducted at base line included assessment of medication use and measurement of blood pressure with a random-zero sphygmomanometer. The incidence of new cases of diabetes was assessed after three years and after six years by measurement of serum glucose concentrations while the subjects were fasting. Results After simultaneous adjustment for age, sex, race, education, adiposity, family history with respect to diabetes, physical-activity level, other Health-Related Behavior, and coexisting illnesses, subjects with hypertension who were taking thiazide diuretics were not at greate...
