The Experts below are selected from a list of 3864 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Fengrui Sun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
optimal configuration of a two Heat reservoir Heat engine with Heat Leak and finite thermal capacity
Applied Energy, 2006Co-Authors: Lingen Chen, Fengrui SunAbstract:Abstract Based on a model of a two-Heat-reservoir Heat-engine cycle with a finite high-temperature source and bypass Heat-Leak, in which the maximum work output can be obtained under a given cycle time is determined with the considerations of Heat-Leak, finite Heat-capacity high-temperature source and infinite Heat-capacity low-temperature Heat-sink with another linear Heat-transfer law Q ∝ Δ(T−1). The Heat-engine cycles considered are: (1) infinite low-and high-temperature reservoirs without Heat-Leak; (2) infinite low- and high-temperature reservoirs with Heat-Leak; (3) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink without Heat-Leak and (4) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink with Heat-Leak. It is assumed that the Heat-transfer between the working fluid and the reservoirs obeys another linear Heat-transfer law, i.e., the linear phenomenological Heat-transfer law, Q ∝ Δ(T−1). It is shown that the existence of Heat-Leak does not affect the configuration of a cycle with an infinite high-temperature source. The finite Heat-capacity of the high-temperature source without Heat-Leak makes the cycle a generalized Carnot Heat-engine cycle. There exists a great difference of the cycle configurations for the finite high-temperature source with Heat-Leak and the former three cases. Moreover, the relations between the optimal power-output and the efficiency of the former three configurations are derived, and they show that the Heat-Leak affects the power versus efficiency characteristics of the Heat-engine cycles.
-
effect of Heat Leak and finite thermal capacity on the optimal configuration of a two Heat reservoir Heat engine for another linear Heat transfer law
Entropy, 2003Co-Authors: Tong Zheng, Lingen Chen, Fengrui SunAbstract:Based on a model of a two-Heat-reservoir Heat engine with a finite high-temperature source and bypass Heat Leak, the optimal configuration of the cycle is found for the fixed cycle period with another linear Heat transfer law )
-
Optimal Configuration and Performance of Heat Engines with Heat Leak and Finite Heat Capacity
Open Systems & Information Dynamics, 2002Co-Authors: Lingen Chen, Fengrui Sun, Shengbing Zhou, Chih WuAbstract:The optimal configuration of a class of two-Heat-reservoir Heat engine cycles in which the maximum work output can be obtained under a given cycle time is determined with the considerations of Heat Leak, finite Heat capacity high-temperature source and infinite Heat capacity low-temperature Heat sink. The Heat engine cycles considered in this paper include: (1) infinite low- and high-temperature reservoirs without Heat Leak, (2) infinite low- and high-temperature reservoirs with Heat Leak, (3) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink without Heat Leak, and (4) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink with Heat Leak. It is assumed that the Heat transfer between the working fluid and the reservoirs obeys Newton's law. It is shown that the existence of Heat Leak doesn't affect the configuration of a cycle with an infinite high-temperature source. The finite Heat capacity of a high temperature source without Heat Leak makes the cycle a generalized Carnot Heat engine cycle. There exists a great difference of the cycle configurations for the finite high-temperature source with Heat Leak and the former three cases. Moreover, the relations between the optimal power output and the efficiency of the former three configurations are derived, and they show that the Heat Leak affects the power versus efficiency characteristics of the Heat engine cycles.
-
Effect of Heat transfer law on the performance of a generalized irreversible Carnot engine
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 1999Co-Authors: Fengrui SunAbstract:In a classical endoreversible Carnot engine model, irreversibility in the form of Heat resistance between the reversible Carnot cycle and its Heat reservoirs is taken into account. This paper presents a generalized irreversible Carnot engine model that incorporates several internal irreversibilities, such as Heat Leak, friction, turbulence etc. These added irreversibilities are characterized by a constant parameter and a constant coefficient. The relation between optimal power output and efficiency is derived based on a generalized Heat transfer law . The effect of Heat Leakage, internal irreversibility and Heat transfer law on the optimal performance of the generalized irreversible Heat engine is investigated.
-
influence of internal Heat Leak on the performance of refrigerators
Energy Conversion and Management, 1998Co-Authors: Lingen Chen, Fengrui SunAbstract:Abstract The influence of an internal Heat Leak on the optimal performance of a refrigerator is examined in this paper. This is done by adding a Heat Leak term into an endoreversible refrigerator. The relation between optimal Heating load and coefficients of performance (COP) for a steady-state irreversible refrigerator is derived. The performance characteristics of the irreversible refrigerator are found to be deeply affected by the rate of Heat Leak. This model allows a more reasonable prediction of the performance of an actual refrigerator.
Satarou Yamaguchi - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
cooling and liquid nitrogen circulation of the 1000 m class superconducting dc power transmission system in ishikari
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017Co-Authors: Hirofumi Watanabe, Noriko Chikumoto, Satarou Yamaguchi, Hirohisa Takano, Yury Ivanov, Noriyuki Inoue, Kotaro Ishiyama, Zenji Oishi, Hiromi Koshizuka, Michihiko WatanabeAbstract:A cooling and circulation test of a 1000 m class superconducting dc power transmission system constructed for the Ishikari project was performed. The Heat Leak of the system and the pressure drop over the distance that liquid nitrogen was circulated were measured to evaluate the performance of the system. Two types of cryogenic pipes were developed for the Ishikari project both comprising two inner pipes in a single outer pipe. Smooth pipes were used for both the inner and outer pipes. The Heat Leak was measured and found to be between 0.886 and 1.47 W/m per two inner pipes, which was dependent on the structures of the cryogenic pipes. The Heat Leak of the cable system, including the cryogenic pipe and the terminals, was found to be 1.69 kW. At a flow rate of 32 L/min the pressure drop was estimated to be 33 kPa over the 2000 m liquid nitrogen circulation. The data obtained in this study will be used for the design of longer superconducting power transmission systems in the future.
-
concept and design of 500 meter and 1000 meter dc superconducting power cables in ishikari japan
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2015Co-Authors: Satarou Yamaguchi, Kazuhiko Hayashi, Hiromi Koshizuka, T SawamuraAbstract:The design and construction of two DC superconducting power cables were started in the spring of 2013 as a national project in Japan. The cable lengths are 500 and 1000 m, respectively. The project is called the Ishikari Project. Four parties, Chiyoda Corp., Sumitomo Electric, Sakura Internet, and Chubu University joined to establish a partnership. The 500-m cable will connect an Internet data center (iDC) to a large scale array of photovoltaic cells to supply dc power. During the design and the construction in the field, test benches have also been constructed to investigate the performance of the individual components of the cable system. The design value of the Heat Leak of the cryogenic pipe is 1.3 W/m and the experimental result is 0.7 W/m to 1.3 W/m on the test bench. The design value of the Heat Leak from the current lead is 35 W/kA and the experimental value is 30.5 W/kA at the rated current. Control of the thermal contraction and expansion are important to maintain cable safety and two methods are considered. Construction was started in the field in mid-May, and the 500-m cable will be completed at the end of the fiscal year 2014.
-
Thermal insulation test of new designed cryogenic pipes for the superconducting DC power transmission system in Ishikari, Japan
Physics Procedia, 2015Co-Authors: Hirofumi Watanabe, M. Hamabe, Noriko Chikumoto, Yury V. Ivanov, Hirohisa Takano, Satarou YamaguchiAbstract:New cryogenic pipes were designed for the superconducting DC power transmission systems constructed in the Ishikari area in Japan. In the designs two inner pipes, for the cable and for the return of liquid nitrogen, are installed in a single outer pipe for the circulation of liquid nitrogen. In contrast to the cryogenic pipes commonly used for the superconducting power transmission, in which corrugated pipes are used, straight pipes are adopted to reduce pressure loss of the circulation of the liquid nitrogen. A radiation shield to reduce Heat Leak to the inner pipe for the cable is adopted in one of the designs. Two types of test pipes with and without the radiation shield were constructed and Heat Leak of these pipes was measured to evaluate the effciency of the test pipes. The lowest Heat Leak of 0.73 W/m was measured for the test pipe with the radiation shield.
-
Heat Leak measurement of the 200 m superconducting dc power transmission system at chubu university
Physics Procedia, 2012Co-Authors: Hirofumi Watanabe, M. Hamabe, Yury Ivanov, Toshio Kawahara, Jian Sun, Satarou YamaguchiAbstract:Abstract The third cooling test of the 200 m superconducting DC power transmission system at Chubu University (CASER2) has been conducted from January to March 2011. During this term, the cooling of the system and the test of the liquid nitrogen circulation were performed. The temperature variation of the liquid nitrogen along the cryogenic pipe was measured and the Heat Leak from the surroundings at room temperature to the liquid nitrogen was estimated. The Heat Leakwas about275Wfor175mofthe cryogenicpipe, whichwas55%ofthevalue obtained duringthe first cooling test. Further improvement will be continued to reduce the Heat Leak of CASER2.
-
a proposal of multi stage current lead for reduction of Heat Leak
Physics Procedia, 2012Co-Authors: Satarou Yamaguchi, M. Hamabe, Hirofumi Watanabe, Yury Ivanov, Toshio Kawahara, Jian Sun, M Emoto, Norimasa Yamamoto, Atsuo IiyoshiAbstract:Abstract The reduction of the Heat Leak from the terminal is one of important issues to realize the applications of superconductivity, and the Peltier current lead (PCL) has been developed until now. The reduction of the PCL as compared with the usual copper lead is almost 40%, however the reduction of Heat Leak is still required to improve the total efficiency of the superconducting system. Therefore, we estimate the performance of the multi-stage current lead (MCL) and propose a gas-cooled MCL in this paper. The principle of the MCL depends on that the COP of the refrigerator is higher in a high temperature, and the resistivity of the copper is lower at lower temperature. But MCL was not tested experimentally until now. Fortunately, the COP of the various kinds of the refrigerators has been improved recently. The preliminary estimation of the MCL and the gas-cooled MCL shows that the saving power is high as 50% to 70%, depending of the assumption of the refrigerator COP. Therefore, it is a good time to examine the concept of MCL experimentally.
Lingen Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
optimal configuration of a two Heat reservoir Heat engine with Heat Leak and finite thermal capacity
Applied Energy, 2006Co-Authors: Lingen Chen, Fengrui SunAbstract:Abstract Based on a model of a two-Heat-reservoir Heat-engine cycle with a finite high-temperature source and bypass Heat-Leak, in which the maximum work output can be obtained under a given cycle time is determined with the considerations of Heat-Leak, finite Heat-capacity high-temperature source and infinite Heat-capacity low-temperature Heat-sink with another linear Heat-transfer law Q ∝ Δ(T−1). The Heat-engine cycles considered are: (1) infinite low-and high-temperature reservoirs without Heat-Leak; (2) infinite low- and high-temperature reservoirs with Heat-Leak; (3) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink without Heat-Leak and (4) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink with Heat-Leak. It is assumed that the Heat-transfer between the working fluid and the reservoirs obeys another linear Heat-transfer law, i.e., the linear phenomenological Heat-transfer law, Q ∝ Δ(T−1). It is shown that the existence of Heat-Leak does not affect the configuration of a cycle with an infinite high-temperature source. The finite Heat-capacity of the high-temperature source without Heat-Leak makes the cycle a generalized Carnot Heat-engine cycle. There exists a great difference of the cycle configurations for the finite high-temperature source with Heat-Leak and the former three cases. Moreover, the relations between the optimal power-output and the efficiency of the former three configurations are derived, and they show that the Heat-Leak affects the power versus efficiency characteristics of the Heat-engine cycles.
-
effect of Heat Leak and finite thermal capacity on the optimal configuration of a two Heat reservoir Heat engine for another linear Heat transfer law
Entropy, 2003Co-Authors: Tong Zheng, Lingen Chen, Fengrui SunAbstract:Based on a model of a two-Heat-reservoir Heat engine with a finite high-temperature source and bypass Heat Leak, the optimal configuration of the cycle is found for the fixed cycle period with another linear Heat transfer law )
-
Optimal Configuration and Performance of Heat Engines with Heat Leak and Finite Heat Capacity
Open Systems & Information Dynamics, 2002Co-Authors: Lingen Chen, Fengrui Sun, Shengbing Zhou, Chih WuAbstract:The optimal configuration of a class of two-Heat-reservoir Heat engine cycles in which the maximum work output can be obtained under a given cycle time is determined with the considerations of Heat Leak, finite Heat capacity high-temperature source and infinite Heat capacity low-temperature Heat sink. The Heat engine cycles considered in this paper include: (1) infinite low- and high-temperature reservoirs without Heat Leak, (2) infinite low- and high-temperature reservoirs with Heat Leak, (3) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink without Heat Leak, and (4) finite high-temperature source and infinite low-temperature sink with Heat Leak. It is assumed that the Heat transfer between the working fluid and the reservoirs obeys Newton's law. It is shown that the existence of Heat Leak doesn't affect the configuration of a cycle with an infinite high-temperature source. The finite Heat capacity of a high temperature source without Heat Leak makes the cycle a generalized Carnot Heat engine cycle. There exists a great difference of the cycle configurations for the finite high-temperature source with Heat Leak and the former three cases. Moreover, the relations between the optimal power output and the efficiency of the former three configurations are derived, and they show that the Heat Leak affects the power versus efficiency characteristics of the Heat engine cycles.
-
influence of internal Heat Leak on the performance of refrigerators
Energy Conversion and Management, 1998Co-Authors: Lingen Chen, Fengrui SunAbstract:Abstract The influence of an internal Heat Leak on the optimal performance of a refrigerator is examined in this paper. This is done by adding a Heat Leak term into an endoreversible refrigerator. The relation between optimal Heating load and coefficients of performance (COP) for a steady-state irreversible refrigerator is derived. The performance characteristics of the irreversible refrigerator are found to be deeply affected by the rate of Heat Leak. This model allows a more reasonable prediction of the performance of an actual refrigerator.
-
influence of internal Heat Leak on the power versus efficiency characteristics of Heat engines
Energy Conversion and Management, 1997Co-Authors: Lingen Chen, Fengrui SunAbstract:The influence of an internal Heat Leak on the optimal performance of Heat engines is examined in this paper. The relation between optimal power output and efficiency for a steady state irreversible Heat engine with irreversibilities due to external Heat resistance and internal Heat Leak is derived. The power versus efficiency characteristics obtained in this paper are qualitatively different from those of an endoreversible Heat engine. The characteristics are also in good agreement with those of a real Heat engine.
Hirofumi Watanabe - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
cooling and liquid nitrogen circulation of the 1000 m class superconducting dc power transmission system in ishikari
IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 2017Co-Authors: Hirofumi Watanabe, Noriko Chikumoto, Satarou Yamaguchi, Hirohisa Takano, Yury Ivanov, Noriyuki Inoue, Kotaro Ishiyama, Zenji Oishi, Hiromi Koshizuka, Michihiko WatanabeAbstract:A cooling and circulation test of a 1000 m class superconducting dc power transmission system constructed for the Ishikari project was performed. The Heat Leak of the system and the pressure drop over the distance that liquid nitrogen was circulated were measured to evaluate the performance of the system. Two types of cryogenic pipes were developed for the Ishikari project both comprising two inner pipes in a single outer pipe. Smooth pipes were used for both the inner and outer pipes. The Heat Leak was measured and found to be between 0.886 and 1.47 W/m per two inner pipes, which was dependent on the structures of the cryogenic pipes. The Heat Leak of the cable system, including the cryogenic pipe and the terminals, was found to be 1.69 kW. At a flow rate of 32 L/min the pressure drop was estimated to be 33 kPa over the 2000 m liquid nitrogen circulation. The data obtained in this study will be used for the design of longer superconducting power transmission systems in the future.
-
construction and 1st experiment of the 500 meter and 1000 meter dc superconducting power cable in ishikari
Physics Procedia, 2016Co-Authors: S Yamaguchi, Noriko Chikumoto, Hirofumi Watanabe, Yury Ivanov, H Koshiduka, Kazuhiko Hayashi, T SawamuraAbstract:Abstract Ishikari project constructs two lines. The length of the Line 1 is 500 m, and connects the photovoltaic cell to the internet-data center. The other line is 1 km length, and it is a test facility and called Line 2. The structures of the cable systems are not same to test their performance. The construction was started from 2014 in the field, the Line 1 was completed in May 2015, and it was cooled down and do the current experiment, and warmed up. The Line 2 is almost complete in October 2015. It will be tested in November and December, 2015. In order to reduce the stress of the cable induced by the thermal expansion and contraction, we adopted the way of the helical deformation of the cable. The force of the cable is reduced to 1/3 of an usual cable test. Because the cryogenic pipes are welded in the field and we cannot use the baking of the vacuum chamber of the cryogenic pipe, a new vacuum pumping method was proposed and tested for the cryogenic pipe. Since the straight pipes are used to compose the cryogenic pipe, the pressure drop of the circulation would be 1/100 of the corrugated pipe in the present condition, and it is suitable for longer cable system. The Heat Leak of the cryogenic pipe is ∼1.4W/m including the cable pipe's and the return pipe's. The Heat Leak of the current lead is ∼30W/kA in the test bench. Finally the current of 6kA/3 sec and the current of 5kA/15 min were achieved in Line 1. The reduction of Heat Leak will be a major subject of the longer cable system. The cost of the construction will be almost twice higher than that of the copper and aluminum over-head line with the iron tower in the present Japan. The cost construction of the over-head line is an average value, and depends on the newspaper.
-
Thermal insulation test of new designed cryogenic pipes for the superconducting DC power transmission system in Ishikari, Japan
Physics Procedia, 2015Co-Authors: Hirofumi Watanabe, M. Hamabe, Noriko Chikumoto, Yury V. Ivanov, Hirohisa Takano, Satarou YamaguchiAbstract:New cryogenic pipes were designed for the superconducting DC power transmission systems constructed in the Ishikari area in Japan. In the designs two inner pipes, for the cable and for the return of liquid nitrogen, are installed in a single outer pipe for the circulation of liquid nitrogen. In contrast to the cryogenic pipes commonly used for the superconducting power transmission, in which corrugated pipes are used, straight pipes are adopted to reduce pressure loss of the circulation of the liquid nitrogen. A radiation shield to reduce Heat Leak to the inner pipe for the cable is adopted in one of the designs. Two types of test pipes with and without the radiation shield were constructed and Heat Leak of these pipes was measured to evaluate the effciency of the test pipes. The lowest Heat Leak of 0.73 W/m was measured for the test pipe with the radiation shield.
-
possibility of a gas cooled peltier current lead in the 200 m class superconducting direct current transmission and distribution system of caser 2
Physics Procedia, 2012Co-Authors: Toshio Kawahara, M. Hamabe, Hirofumi Watanabe, S Yamaguchi, Masahiko Emoto, Yasuo Hikichi, Masahiro MinowaAbstract:Abstract Global energy problems should be solved quickly, and superconducting applications are highly demanded as energy saving technologies. Among them, long-distance superconducting transmission seems to be one of the most promising for energy saving by energy sharing. On the other hand, such large systems can be constructed from smaller network systems that can be enhanced by scaling up to the superconducting grid. Reducing Heat Leak to the low temperature end is the most important aspect of technology for practical superconducting applications, and Heat Leak reduction at the terminal is a key goal especially for small-length applications. At Chubu University, we have developed a 200 m-class superconducting direct current transmission and distribution system (CASER-2), in which we also used a Peltier current lead (PCL) as Heat insulation at the terminal. PCL is composed of a thermoelectric material and a copper lead. In actual transmission and distribution applications, the cables are also cooled by the coolant. After the circulation, the coolant could also be used to cool the current lead. We will discuss the performance of such gas-cooled systems as the total performance of applied superconducting systems using the experimental parameters obtained in CASER-2.
-
Heat Leak measurement of the 200 m superconducting dc power transmission system at chubu university
Physics Procedia, 2012Co-Authors: Hirofumi Watanabe, M. Hamabe, Yury Ivanov, Toshio Kawahara, Jian Sun, Satarou YamaguchiAbstract:Abstract The third cooling test of the 200 m superconducting DC power transmission system at Chubu University (CASER2) has been conducted from January to March 2011. During this term, the cooling of the system and the test of the liquid nitrogen circulation were performed. The temperature variation of the liquid nitrogen along the cryogenic pipe was measured and the Heat Leak from the surroundings at room temperature to the liquid nitrogen was estimated. The Heat Leakwas about275Wfor175mofthe cryogenicpipe, whichwas55%ofthevalue obtained duringthe first cooling test. Further improvement will be continued to reduce the Heat Leak of CASER2.
Guven Gonca - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
-
Thermo-Ecological Analysis of Irreversible Dual-Miller Cycle (DMC) Engine Based on the Ecological Coefficient of Performance (ECOP) Criterion
Iranian Journal of Science and Technology Transactions of Mechanical Engineering, 2017Co-Authors: Guven GoncaAbstract:In this paper, an ecological-based numerical analysis and optimization have been carried out for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Miller cycle engine with late inlet valve closing version using the ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) criterion which covers finite rate of Heat transfer, Heat Leak and internal irreversibilities. A detailed computational analysis has been performed in order to examine the general and optimum performances of the cycle. The results obtained based on ECOP function are compared with a different ecological function and with the maximum power output conditions. The consequences of ECOP, ecological function and maximum power output conditions are acquired based on the compression ratio, cut-off ratio, pressure ratio, Miller cycle ratio, source temperature ratio and internal irreversibility parameter. The influences of these parameters on the optimum performances are examined in detail.
-
Research Article Performance Optimization of an Air-Standard Irreversible Dual-Atkinson Cycle Engine Based on the Ecological Coefficient of Performance Criterion
2016Co-Authors: Guven GoncaAbstract:License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. This paper presents an ecological performance analysis and optimization for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Atkinson cycle (DAC) based on the ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) criterion which includes internal irreversibilities, Heat Leak, and finite-rate of Heat transfer. A comprehensive numerical analysis has been realized so as to investigate the global and optimal performances of the cycle. The results obtained based on the ECOP criterion are compared with a different ecological function which is named as the ecologic objective-function and with the maximum power output conditions. The results have been attained introducing the compression ratio, cut-off ratio, pressure ratio, Atkinson cycle ratio, source temperature ratio, and internal irreversibility parameter. The change of cycle performance with respect to these parameters is investigated and graphically presented. 1
-
performance optimization of an air standard irreversible dual atkinson cycle engine based on the ecological coefficient of performance criterion
The Scientific World Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Guven GoncaAbstract:This paper presents an ecological performance analysis and optimization for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Atkinson cycle (DAC) based on the ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) criterion which includes internal irreversibilities, Heat Leak, and finite-rate of Heat transfer. A comprehensive numerical analysis has been realized so as to investigate the global and optimal performances of the cycle. The results obtained based on the ECOP criterion are compared with a different ecological function which is named as the ecologic objective-function and with the maximum power output conditions. The results have been attained introducing the compression ratio, cut-off ratio, pressure ratio, Atkinson cycle ratio, source temperature ratio, and internal irreversibility parameter. The change of cycle performance with respect to these parameters is investigated and graphically presented.
-
performance optimization of an air standard irreversible dual atkinson cycle engine based on the ecological coefficient of performance criterion
The Scientific World Journal, 2014Co-Authors: Guven GoncaAbstract:This paper presents an ecological performance analysis and optimization for an air-standard irreversible Dual-Atkinson cycle (DAC) based on the ecological coefficient of performance (ECOP) criterion which includes internal irreversibilities, Heat Leak, and finite-rate of Heat transfer. A comprehensive numerical analysis has been realized so as to investigate the global and optimal performances of the cycle. The results obtained based on the ECOP criterion are compared with a different ecological function which is named as the ecologic objective-function and with the maximum power output conditions. The results have been attained introducing the compression ratio, cut-off ratio, pressure ratio, Atkinson cycle ratio, source temperature ratio, and internal irreversibility parameter. The change of cycle performance with respect to these parameters is investigated and graphically presented.
