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Franz Winter - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sewage sludge ash to phosphate fertilizer by chlorination and thermal treatment: residence time requirements for Heavy Metal Removal.
    Environmental technology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Benedikt Nowak, Harald Wegerer, Philipp Aschenbrenner, Helmut Rechberger, Franz Winter
    Abstract:

    Heavy Metal Removal from sewage sludge ash can be performed by mixing the ash with environmentally compatible chlorides (e.g. CaCl2 or MgCl2) and water, pelletizing the mixture and treating the pellets in a rotary reactor at about 1000 degrees C. Thermogravimetry-mass spectroscopy, muffle oven tests (500-1150 degrees C) and investigations in a laboratory-scale rotary reactor (950-1050 degrees C, residence time 1-25 min) were carried out. In the rotary reactor, up to 97% of Cu, 95% Pb and 95% Zn can be removed at 1050 degrees C. As Cl release starts from 400 degrees C (obtained from thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry experiments), Heavy Metals are already removed partially within the heating period. This Heavy Metal Removal can be described as being similar to a first-order rate law. To meet the limit values specified in the Austrian and German fertilizer ordinances, residence times of the order of minutes are sufficient at 950 degrees C.

  • Heavy Metal Removal from sewage sludge ash and municipal solid waste fly ash a comparison
    Fuel Processing Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Benedikt Nowak, Philipp Aschenbrenner, Franz Winter
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mixing and pelletizing sewage sludge ash (SSA) or municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash with CaCl 2 and treating these pellets in a rotary reactor at approximately 1000 °C lead to a significant decrease of the Heavy Metal concentration. Experiments were carried out in an indirectly-heated laboratory-scale rotary reactor. From SSA, after 10 min at 1050 °C, more than 95% of Cu, Pb and Zn could be removed. The Heavy Metal Removal from municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash proceeded more slowly and often less efficiently. After 45 min at 1050 °C, 95% Cd, 60% Cu, 98% Pb and 80% Zn could be removed. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations for possible single reactions were carried out. It was found that SiO 2 , a main component in sewage sludge ash, accelerates the formation of HCl and Cl 2 . CaO, which is contained in CaO-bearing phases in MSW fly ash, decreases the rate of this reaction. Al 2 O 3 , also contained in MSW fly ash-phases, leads to the formation of aluminates. Cd-aluminate can be affected by HCl and Cl 2 , leading to a lower Removal rate. Zn-aluminate can only be affected by Cl 2 ; Cu-aluminate is stable under chlorination conditions. I.e., Cu and Zn can easily be incorporated into the MSW fly ash matrix.

  • Sewage sludge ash to phosphate fertilizer by chlorination and thermal treatment: residence time requirements for Heavy Metal Removal
    Environmental Technology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Benedikt Nowak, Harald Wegerer, Philipp Aschenbrenner, Helmut Rechberger, Franz Winter
    Abstract:

    Heavy Metal Removal from sewage sludge ash can be performed by mixing the ash with environmentally compatible chlorides (e.g. CaCl2 or MgCl2) and water, pelletizing the mixture and treating the pellets in a rotary reactor at about 1000 °C. Thermogravimetry–mass spectroscopy, muffle oven tests (500–1150 °C) and investigations in a laboratory-scale rotary reactor (950–1050 °C, residence time 1–25 min) were carried out. In the rotary reactor, up to 97% of Cu, 95% Pb and 95% Zn can be removed at 1050 °C. As Cl release starts from 400 °C (obtained from thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry experiments), Heavy Metals are already removed partially within the heating period. This Heavy Metal Removal can be described as being similar to a first-order rate law. To meet the limit values specified in the Austrian and German fertilizer ordinances, residence times of the order of minutes are sufficient at 950 °C.

Benedikt Nowak - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sewage sludge ash to phosphate fertilizer by chlorination and thermal treatment: residence time requirements for Heavy Metal Removal.
    Environmental technology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Benedikt Nowak, Harald Wegerer, Philipp Aschenbrenner, Helmut Rechberger, Franz Winter
    Abstract:

    Heavy Metal Removal from sewage sludge ash can be performed by mixing the ash with environmentally compatible chlorides (e.g. CaCl2 or MgCl2) and water, pelletizing the mixture and treating the pellets in a rotary reactor at about 1000 degrees C. Thermogravimetry-mass spectroscopy, muffle oven tests (500-1150 degrees C) and investigations in a laboratory-scale rotary reactor (950-1050 degrees C, residence time 1-25 min) were carried out. In the rotary reactor, up to 97% of Cu, 95% Pb and 95% Zn can be removed at 1050 degrees C. As Cl release starts from 400 degrees C (obtained from thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry experiments), Heavy Metals are already removed partially within the heating period. This Heavy Metal Removal can be described as being similar to a first-order rate law. To meet the limit values specified in the Austrian and German fertilizer ordinances, residence times of the order of minutes are sufficient at 950 degrees C.

  • Heavy Metal Removal from sewage sludge ash and municipal solid waste fly ash a comparison
    Fuel Processing Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Benedikt Nowak, Philipp Aschenbrenner, Franz Winter
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mixing and pelletizing sewage sludge ash (SSA) or municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash with CaCl 2 and treating these pellets in a rotary reactor at approximately 1000 °C lead to a significant decrease of the Heavy Metal concentration. Experiments were carried out in an indirectly-heated laboratory-scale rotary reactor. From SSA, after 10 min at 1050 °C, more than 95% of Cu, Pb and Zn could be removed. The Heavy Metal Removal from municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash proceeded more slowly and often less efficiently. After 45 min at 1050 °C, 95% Cd, 60% Cu, 98% Pb and 80% Zn could be removed. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations for possible single reactions were carried out. It was found that SiO 2 , a main component in sewage sludge ash, accelerates the formation of HCl and Cl 2 . CaO, which is contained in CaO-bearing phases in MSW fly ash, decreases the rate of this reaction. Al 2 O 3 , also contained in MSW fly ash-phases, leads to the formation of aluminates. Cd-aluminate can be affected by HCl and Cl 2 , leading to a lower Removal rate. Zn-aluminate can only be affected by Cl 2 ; Cu-aluminate is stable under chlorination conditions. I.e., Cu and Zn can easily be incorporated into the MSW fly ash matrix.

  • Sewage sludge ash to phosphate fertilizer by chlorination and thermal treatment: residence time requirements for Heavy Metal Removal
    Environmental Technology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Benedikt Nowak, Harald Wegerer, Philipp Aschenbrenner, Helmut Rechberger, Franz Winter
    Abstract:

    Heavy Metal Removal from sewage sludge ash can be performed by mixing the ash with environmentally compatible chlorides (e.g. CaCl2 or MgCl2) and water, pelletizing the mixture and treating the pellets in a rotary reactor at about 1000 °C. Thermogravimetry–mass spectroscopy, muffle oven tests (500–1150 °C) and investigations in a laboratory-scale rotary reactor (950–1050 °C, residence time 1–25 min) were carried out. In the rotary reactor, up to 97% of Cu, 95% Pb and 95% Zn can be removed at 1050 °C. As Cl release starts from 400 °C (obtained from thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry experiments), Heavy Metals are already removed partially within the heating period. This Heavy Metal Removal can be described as being similar to a first-order rate law. To meet the limit values specified in the Austrian and German fertilizer ordinances, residence times of the order of minutes are sufficient at 950 °C.

Philipp Aschenbrenner - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Sewage sludge ash to phosphate fertilizer by chlorination and thermal treatment: residence time requirements for Heavy Metal Removal.
    Environmental technology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Benedikt Nowak, Harald Wegerer, Philipp Aschenbrenner, Helmut Rechberger, Franz Winter
    Abstract:

    Heavy Metal Removal from sewage sludge ash can be performed by mixing the ash with environmentally compatible chlorides (e.g. CaCl2 or MgCl2) and water, pelletizing the mixture and treating the pellets in a rotary reactor at about 1000 degrees C. Thermogravimetry-mass spectroscopy, muffle oven tests (500-1150 degrees C) and investigations in a laboratory-scale rotary reactor (950-1050 degrees C, residence time 1-25 min) were carried out. In the rotary reactor, up to 97% of Cu, 95% Pb and 95% Zn can be removed at 1050 degrees C. As Cl release starts from 400 degrees C (obtained from thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry experiments), Heavy Metals are already removed partially within the heating period. This Heavy Metal Removal can be described as being similar to a first-order rate law. To meet the limit values specified in the Austrian and German fertilizer ordinances, residence times of the order of minutes are sufficient at 950 degrees C.

  • Heavy Metal Removal from sewage sludge ash and municipal solid waste fly ash a comparison
    Fuel Processing Technology, 2013
    Co-Authors: Benedikt Nowak, Philipp Aschenbrenner, Franz Winter
    Abstract:

    Abstract Mixing and pelletizing sewage sludge ash (SSA) or municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash with CaCl 2 and treating these pellets in a rotary reactor at approximately 1000 °C lead to a significant decrease of the Heavy Metal concentration. Experiments were carried out in an indirectly-heated laboratory-scale rotary reactor. From SSA, after 10 min at 1050 °C, more than 95% of Cu, Pb and Zn could be removed. The Heavy Metal Removal from municipal solid waste (MSW) fly ash proceeded more slowly and often less efficiently. After 45 min at 1050 °C, 95% Cd, 60% Cu, 98% Pb and 80% Zn could be removed. Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations for possible single reactions were carried out. It was found that SiO 2 , a main component in sewage sludge ash, accelerates the formation of HCl and Cl 2 . CaO, which is contained in CaO-bearing phases in MSW fly ash, decreases the rate of this reaction. Al 2 O 3 , also contained in MSW fly ash-phases, leads to the formation of aluminates. Cd-aluminate can be affected by HCl and Cl 2 , leading to a lower Removal rate. Zn-aluminate can only be affected by Cl 2 ; Cu-aluminate is stable under chlorination conditions. I.e., Cu and Zn can easily be incorporated into the MSW fly ash matrix.

  • Sewage sludge ash to phosphate fertilizer by chlorination and thermal treatment: residence time requirements for Heavy Metal Removal
    Environmental Technology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Benedikt Nowak, Harald Wegerer, Philipp Aschenbrenner, Helmut Rechberger, Franz Winter
    Abstract:

    Heavy Metal Removal from sewage sludge ash can be performed by mixing the ash with environmentally compatible chlorides (e.g. CaCl2 or MgCl2) and water, pelletizing the mixture and treating the pellets in a rotary reactor at about 1000 °C. Thermogravimetry–mass spectroscopy, muffle oven tests (500–1150 °C) and investigations in a laboratory-scale rotary reactor (950–1050 °C, residence time 1–25 min) were carried out. In the rotary reactor, up to 97% of Cu, 95% Pb and 95% Zn can be removed at 1050 °C. As Cl release starts from 400 °C (obtained from thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry experiments), Heavy Metals are already removed partially within the heating period. This Heavy Metal Removal can be described as being similar to a first-order rate law. To meet the limit values specified in the Austrian and German fertilizer ordinances, residence times of the order of minutes are sufficient at 950 °C.

A.f. Ismail - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Recent trends of Heavy Metal Removal from water/wastewater by membrane technologies
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2019
    Co-Authors: Norfazliana Abdullah, Juhana Jaafar, Norhaniza Yusof, A.f. Ismail
    Abstract:

    Abstract A literature search revealed a lack of up-to-date and detailed review articles on the use of membrane technologies for Heavy Metal Removal. Thus, this article provides a comprehensive review of the performance and capability of different membrane processes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. This review also discusses the technical challenges of existing membrane process and recommends future research to further enhance membrane performance and render it the best alternative for treating water laden with Heavy Metals.

  • recent trends of Heavy Metal Removal from water wastewater by membrane technologies
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2019
    Co-Authors: Norfazliana Abdullah, Juhana Jaafar, Norhaniza Yusof, A.f. Ismail
    Abstract:

    Abstract A literature search revealed a lack of up-to-date and detailed review articles on the use of membrane technologies for Heavy Metal Removal. Thus, this article provides a comprehensive review of the performance and capability of different membrane processes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. This review also discusses the technical challenges of existing membrane process and recommends future research to further enhance membrane performance and render it the best alternative for treating water laden with Heavy Metals.

Norfazliana Abdullah - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Recent trends of Heavy Metal Removal from water/wastewater by membrane technologies
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2019
    Co-Authors: Norfazliana Abdullah, Juhana Jaafar, Norhaniza Yusof, A.f. Ismail
    Abstract:

    Abstract A literature search revealed a lack of up-to-date and detailed review articles on the use of membrane technologies for Heavy Metal Removal. Thus, this article provides a comprehensive review of the performance and capability of different membrane processes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. This review also discusses the technical challenges of existing membrane process and recommends future research to further enhance membrane performance and render it the best alternative for treating water laden with Heavy Metals.

  • recent trends of Heavy Metal Removal from water wastewater by membrane technologies
    Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2019
    Co-Authors: Norfazliana Abdullah, Juhana Jaafar, Norhaniza Yusof, A.f. Ismail
    Abstract:

    Abstract A literature search revealed a lack of up-to-date and detailed review articles on the use of membrane technologies for Heavy Metal Removal. Thus, this article provides a comprehensive review of the performance and capability of different membrane processes and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each. This review also discusses the technical challenges of existing membrane process and recommends future research to further enhance membrane performance and render it the best alternative for treating water laden with Heavy Metals.