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N. Othman - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • easy removing of phenol from wastewater using vegetable oil based organic solvent in emulsion liquid Membrane Process
    Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2017
    Co-Authors: N. Othman, Norela Jusoh, Norul Fatiha Mohd Noah, Lim Yin Shu, Zing Yi Ooi, Mariani Idroas, Masahiro Goto
    Abstract:

    Abstract Phenol is considered as pollutant due to its toxicity and carcinogenic effect. Thus, variety of innovative methods for separation and recovery of phenolic compounds is developed in order to remove the unwanted phenol from wastewater and obtain valuable phenolic compound. One of potential method is extraction using green based liquid organic solvent. Therefore, the feasibility of using palm oil was investigated. In this research, palm oil based organic phase was used as diluents to treat a simulated wastewater containing 300 × 10 -6 of phenol solution using emulsion liquid Membrane Process (ELM). The stability of water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion on diluent composition and the parameters affecting the phenol removal efficiency and stability of the emulsion; such as emulsification speed, emulsification time, agitation speed, surfactant concentration, pH of external phase, contact time, stripping agent concentration and treat ratio were carried out. The results of ELM study showed that at ratio 7 to 3 of palm oil to kerosene, 5 min and 1300 r·min − 1 of emulsification Process the stabile primary emulsion were formed. Also, no carrier is needed to facilitate the phenol extraction. In experimental conditions of 500 r·min − 1 of agitation speed, 3% Span 80, pH 8 of external phase, 5 min of contact time, 0.1 mol·L − 1 NaOH as stripping agent and 1:10 of treat ratio, the ELM Process was very promising for removing the phenol from the wastewater. The extraction performance at about 83% of phenol was removed for simulated wastewater and an enrichment of phenol in recovery phase as phenolate compound was around 11 times.

  • response surface optimization of kraft lignin recovery from pulping wastewater through emulsion liquid Membrane Process
    Desalination and Water Treatment, 2016
    Co-Authors: N. Othman, Norul Fatiha Mohd Noah
    Abstract:

    Kraft lignin (KL) represents a key sustainable source of biomass for transformation into biofuels and high-value specialty chemicals. Excess lignin in pulping wastewater creates pollution problems, hence affecting human. Thus, the KL recovery from pulping wastewater by emulsion liquid Membrane was investigated and optimized using response surface methodology in this study. The liquid Membrane was prepared by dissolving carrier tricaprylylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) and hydrophobic surfactant sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) in kerosene (diluent) with sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as the internal stripping phase and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol as the modifier. The comparison between the experimentally optimized, and the RSM optimized values was accomplished by optimizing the following parameters: carrier and stripping agent concentration and treat ratio of emulsion to feed phase. The maximum KL recovery of 97% was obtained under the optimum condition at 0.012 M of Aliquat 336, 0.32 M of NaHCO3, and 1:4.8 of treat ratio.

  • recovery of kraft lignin from pulping wastewater via emulsion liquid Membrane Process
    Biotechnology Progress, 2015
    Co-Authors: Norlisa Harruddin, N. Othman
    Abstract:

    Lignin represents a key sustainable source of biomass for transformation into biofuels and high-value specialty chemicals. Excess of lignin that imparts brownish dark coloration in pulping wastewater causes adverse pollution problems, hence affecting human. Therefore, there is a necessity for removal and recovery of lignin from wastewater. In this research, emulsion liquid Membrane (ELM) technology has been applied. This study involved studies on liquid Membrane formulation, stability of emulsion and extraction of lignin from simulated kraft lignin solution. An optimization of kraft lignin recovery from real pulping wastewater was performed using the response surface methodology (RSM). An ELM extraction model was developed to predict the extraction performance. The liquid Membrane formulation was investigated on the choice of carrier, diluent and stripping agent using liquid-liquid extraction. ELM stability was determined at different surfactant concentrations, homogenizer speed, emulsifying time and agitation speed. Several important parameters governing the extraction Process of lignin including concentration of carrier and stripping agents, treat ratio and extraction time were investigated. The liquid Membrane formulation contains kerosene as a diluent, tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) as a carrier, sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) as a surfactant, 2- ethyl-1-hexanol as a modifer and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as a stripping agent. The results depicted that the most stable emulsion was observed at 3 % (w/v) of Span 80, 12000 rpm of homogenizer speed, 5 min of emulsification time and 250 rpm of agitation speed. At the optimum condition of 10 min of extraction time, 0.007 M of Aliquat 336, 0.1 M of NaHCO3 and 1:5 of treat ratio, the performance of extraction, stripping and recovery was 95%, 100% and 98% respectively in a one step Process. The optimization by RSM showed that 97% of lignin was recovered at 0.012 M of Aliquat 336, 0.32 M of NaHCO3 and 1:4.8 of treat ratio. In addition, the developed model was accepted to predict the kraft lignin extraction as the simulation results were consistent with the experimental result at the optimum condition. Therefore, ELM Process is a promising technology to recover lignin from pulping wastewater while solving environmental problems simultaneously.

  • Recovery of synthetic dye red 3BS from simulated wastewater using supported liquid Membrane Process containing immobilized kerosene-tridodecylamine liquid Membrane
    Jurnal Teknologi, 2015
    Co-Authors: N. Othman, Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman, Norela Jusoh, Norul Fatiha Mohd Noah, Nur Alina Nasruddin, Roslina Rashid, Norlisa Harruddin, Aziatul Niza Sadikin
    Abstract:

    The discharge of reactive dyes into the environment has led to the toxicity problems especially to the aquatic organism. Therefore, there is a necessity for treatment of the reactive dyes from wastewater. In this work, Red 3BS reactive dye was separated using supported liquid Membrane Process. Commercial polypropylene (PP) Membrane was used as a support of kerosene-tridodecylamine liquid Membrane. Several important parameters such as flow rate, pH of feed phase, initial concentration of feed phase and stripping agent concentration were investigated. The result shows that for 50 ppm Red 3BS solution containing 0.00001M Na2SiO3 almost 100 and 89% of Red 3BS was removed and recovered respectively at the favorable condition of 0.1 M NaOH as a stripping agent, pH 3 of feed phase and 100 ml/min of flow rate.

Choe Peng Leo - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hybrid coagulation–NF Membrane Process for brackish water treatment: Effect of antiscalant on water characteristics and Membrane fouling
    Desalination, 2016
    Co-Authors: Wei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Abdelbaki Benamor, Nidal Hilal, Choe Peng Leo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Antiscalants have been used to inhibit the formation of scales and reduce the risk of Membrane scaling. However, issues such as the increased of biofouling tendency and contradictory observations of organic fouling propensity under the influence of antiscalants have been reported by other researchers. Such observations indicate the need for thorough understanding about the interaction between antiscalants and Membrane/foulants in the solution. This study investigated the influence of antiscalant on the water characteristics and the performance of hybrid coagulation–nanofiltration Membrane Process for brackish water treatment. It was observed that scaling was mitigated with the addition of antiscalants but Membrane fouling was exacerbated at higher dosage, probably due to the changes in foulant properties induced by antiscalants. Analysis carried out on the water showed that antiscalants altered the characteristics of the foulants and formed precipitates with calcium/aluminum and iron (from coagulant) ions, which eventually deposited as foulant layer on the Membrane surface. This was proven with the existence of phosphorous element on the Membrane surface using SEM–EDX. The findings demonstrated how the antiscalants altered the water characteristics and provided insight into the reactivity of antiscalants present in different concentrations, which could be used to interpret the contradicting findings from other researchers.

  • hybrid coagulation nf Membrane Process for brackish water treatment effect of antiscalant on water characteristics and Membrane fouling
    Desalination, 2016
    Co-Authors: Wei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Abdelbaki Benamor, Nidal Hilal, Choe Peng Leo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Antiscalants have been used to inhibit the formation of scales and reduce the risk of Membrane scaling. However, issues such as the increased of biofouling tendency and contradictory observations of organic fouling propensity under the influence of antiscalants have been reported by other researchers. Such observations indicate the need for thorough understanding about the interaction between antiscalants and Membrane/foulants in the solution. This study investigated the influence of antiscalant on the water characteristics and the performance of hybrid coagulation–nanofiltration Membrane Process for brackish water treatment. It was observed that scaling was mitigated with the addition of antiscalants but Membrane fouling was exacerbated at higher dosage, probably due to the changes in foulant properties induced by antiscalants. Analysis carried out on the water showed that antiscalants altered the characteristics of the foulants and formed precipitates with calcium/aluminum and iron (from coagulant) ions, which eventually deposited as foulant layer on the Membrane surface. This was proven with the existence of phosphorous element on the Membrane surface using SEM–EDX. The findings demonstrated how the antiscalants altered the water characteristics and provided insight into the reactivity of antiscalants present in different concentrations, which could be used to interpret the contradicting findings from other researchers.

Norlisa Harruddin - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • recovery of kraft lignin from pulping wastewater via emulsion liquid Membrane Process
    Biotechnology Progress, 2015
    Co-Authors: Norlisa Harruddin, N. Othman
    Abstract:

    Lignin represents a key sustainable source of biomass for transformation into biofuels and high-value specialty chemicals. Excess of lignin that imparts brownish dark coloration in pulping wastewater causes adverse pollution problems, hence affecting human. Therefore, there is a necessity for removal and recovery of lignin from wastewater. In this research, emulsion liquid Membrane (ELM) technology has been applied. This study involved studies on liquid Membrane formulation, stability of emulsion and extraction of lignin from simulated kraft lignin solution. An optimization of kraft lignin recovery from real pulping wastewater was performed using the response surface methodology (RSM). An ELM extraction model was developed to predict the extraction performance. The liquid Membrane formulation was investigated on the choice of carrier, diluent and stripping agent using liquid-liquid extraction. ELM stability was determined at different surfactant concentrations, homogenizer speed, emulsifying time and agitation speed. Several important parameters governing the extraction Process of lignin including concentration of carrier and stripping agents, treat ratio and extraction time were investigated. The liquid Membrane formulation contains kerosene as a diluent, tricaprylmethylammonium chloride (Aliquat 336) as a carrier, sorbitan monooleate (Span 80) as a surfactant, 2- ethyl-1-hexanol as a modifer and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as a stripping agent. The results depicted that the most stable emulsion was observed at 3 % (w/v) of Span 80, 12000 rpm of homogenizer speed, 5 min of emulsification time and 250 rpm of agitation speed. At the optimum condition of 10 min of extraction time, 0.007 M of Aliquat 336, 0.1 M of NaHCO3 and 1:5 of treat ratio, the performance of extraction, stripping and recovery was 95%, 100% and 98% respectively in a one step Process. The optimization by RSM showed that 97% of lignin was recovered at 0.012 M of Aliquat 336, 0.32 M of NaHCO3 and 1:4.8 of treat ratio. In addition, the developed model was accepted to predict the kraft lignin extraction as the simulation results were consistent with the experimental result at the optimum condition. Therefore, ELM Process is a promising technology to recover lignin from pulping wastewater while solving environmental problems simultaneously.

  • Recovery of synthetic dye red 3BS from simulated wastewater using supported liquid Membrane Process containing immobilized kerosene-tridodecylamine liquid Membrane
    Jurnal Teknologi, 2015
    Co-Authors: N. Othman, Raja Norimie Raja Sulaiman, Norela Jusoh, Norul Fatiha Mohd Noah, Nur Alina Nasruddin, Roslina Rashid, Norlisa Harruddin, Aziatul Niza Sadikin
    Abstract:

    The discharge of reactive dyes into the environment has led to the toxicity problems especially to the aquatic organism. Therefore, there is a necessity for treatment of the reactive dyes from wastewater. In this work, Red 3BS reactive dye was separated using supported liquid Membrane Process. Commercial polypropylene (PP) Membrane was used as a support of kerosene-tridodecylamine liquid Membrane. Several important parameters such as flow rate, pH of feed phase, initial concentration of feed phase and stripping agent concentration were investigated. The result shows that for 50 ppm Red 3BS solution containing 0.00001M Na2SiO3 almost 100 and 89% of Red 3BS was removed and recovered respectively at the favorable condition of 0.1 M NaOH as a stripping agent, pH 3 of feed phase and 100 ml/min of flow rate.

Zhichao Wu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • novel insights into destruction mechanisms in a hybrid Membrane Process for simultaneous sludge thickening and digestion by characterization of dissolved organic matter
    Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011
    Co-Authors: Xinhua Wang, Xiufen Li, Zhichao Wu
    Abstract:

    Abstract Three-dimensional excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and gel filtration chromatography (GFC) were employed to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in a hybrid Membrane Process for simultaneous sludge thickening and digestion (MSTD). The MSTD Process was operated under a sequencing batch mode, and the operating time of each cycle was 15 d from the initial fresh sludge to the final thickened and digested sludge. Results showed that the molecular weight (MW) distribution of DOM in sludge supernatant became broader after the MSTD Process, and three main peaks including Peak A and Peak B related to protein-like substances and Peak C associated with humic acid-like substances could be identified from the EEM fluorescence spectra of all DOM samples in the MSTD Process. The quantitative analysis of the fluorescence spectra of DOM in sludge supernatant showed that the fluorescence intensity (FI) of Peak A and Peak B in sludge supernatant correlated well with the concentration of soluble protein, MLSS destruction efficiency and mean particle size, suggesting that the variations of EEM fluorescence spectra of DOM in sludge supernatant could be used to evaluate the floc destruction mechanisms of the MSTD Process. It was also found that the FI of Peak A slightly increased before 8 d but rapidly went up after 8 d, and the FI of Peak B changed slightly before 8 d but increased after 8 d, which implied that the floc destruction mechanisms were varied in one cycle of the MSTD Process.

  • a hybrid Membrane Process for simultaneous thickening and digestion of waste activated sludge
    Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China, 2010
    Co-Authors: Zhiwei Wang, Zhichao Wu, Qiaoying Wang, Xinhua Wang
    Abstract:

    A hybrid Membrane Process for simultaneous sludge thickening and digestion (MSTD) was studied. During one cycle (15 d) of operation under a hydraulic retention time of 1 d, the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) continuously increased from about 4 g·L−1 to 34 g·L−1, and the mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) increased from about 3 g·L−1 to over 22 g·L−1. About 42% of the MLVSS and 39% of the MLSS reduction were achieved. The thickening and digestion effects in the MSTD were further analyzed based on a mass balance analysis. Test results showed that biopolymers and cations of biomass were gradually released to the bulk solution during the Process. It was also found that the capillary suction time, colloidal chemical oxygen demand, soluble microbial products, viscosity, and MLSS had significant positive correlations with the Membrane fouling rate, whereas extracellular polymeric substances, polysaccharides, and proteins extracted from biomass had negative impacts on Membrane fouling.

Wei Lun Ang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Hybrid coagulation–NF Membrane Process for brackish water treatment: Effect of antiscalant on water characteristics and Membrane fouling
    Desalination, 2016
    Co-Authors: Wei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Abdelbaki Benamor, Nidal Hilal, Choe Peng Leo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Antiscalants have been used to inhibit the formation of scales and reduce the risk of Membrane scaling. However, issues such as the increased of biofouling tendency and contradictory observations of organic fouling propensity under the influence of antiscalants have been reported by other researchers. Such observations indicate the need for thorough understanding about the interaction between antiscalants and Membrane/foulants in the solution. This study investigated the influence of antiscalant on the water characteristics and the performance of hybrid coagulation–nanofiltration Membrane Process for brackish water treatment. It was observed that scaling was mitigated with the addition of antiscalants but Membrane fouling was exacerbated at higher dosage, probably due to the changes in foulant properties induced by antiscalants. Analysis carried out on the water showed that antiscalants altered the characteristics of the foulants and formed precipitates with calcium/aluminum and iron (from coagulant) ions, which eventually deposited as foulant layer on the Membrane surface. This was proven with the existence of phosphorous element on the Membrane surface using SEM–EDX. The findings demonstrated how the antiscalants altered the water characteristics and provided insight into the reactivity of antiscalants present in different concentrations, which could be used to interpret the contradicting findings from other researchers.

  • hybrid coagulation nf Membrane Process for brackish water treatment effect of antiscalant on water characteristics and Membrane fouling
    Desalination, 2016
    Co-Authors: Wei Lun Ang, Abdul Wahab Mohammad, Abdelbaki Benamor, Nidal Hilal, Choe Peng Leo
    Abstract:

    Abstract Antiscalants have been used to inhibit the formation of scales and reduce the risk of Membrane scaling. However, issues such as the increased of biofouling tendency and contradictory observations of organic fouling propensity under the influence of antiscalants have been reported by other researchers. Such observations indicate the need for thorough understanding about the interaction between antiscalants and Membrane/foulants in the solution. This study investigated the influence of antiscalant on the water characteristics and the performance of hybrid coagulation–nanofiltration Membrane Process for brackish water treatment. It was observed that scaling was mitigated with the addition of antiscalants but Membrane fouling was exacerbated at higher dosage, probably due to the changes in foulant properties induced by antiscalants. Analysis carried out on the water showed that antiscalants altered the characteristics of the foulants and formed precipitates with calcium/aluminum and iron (from coagulant) ions, which eventually deposited as foulant layer on the Membrane surface. This was proven with the existence of phosphorous element on the Membrane surface using SEM–EDX. The findings demonstrated how the antiscalants altered the water characteristics and provided insight into the reactivity of antiscalants present in different concentrations, which could be used to interpret the contradicting findings from other researchers.