The Experts below are selected from a list of 561 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Beatrix Kapusinszky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of a novel rna virus with hepatitis e virus like non structural genome organization in amphibian agile frog rana dalmatina tadpoles
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Eric Delwart, Akos Boros, Zoltan Toth, Peter PankovicsAbstract:Abstract In recent years, relatives (bastrovirus, hepelivirus) of hepeviruses (family Hepeviridae) have been reported in a variety of vertebrate hosts. Preliminary studies indicated that inter-viral family recombination events at the junction of the genomes that encodes non-structural (ORF1) and structural protein (ORF2) were implicated in the genesis of hepeviruses. Using viral metagenomics, next generation sequencing and RT-PCR techniques a genetically divergent hepevirus-like RNA virus was identified and characterized from agile frog (Rana dalmatina) tadpoles living in aquatic environment in three natural ponds (Melymocsar, Lake Ilona and Lake Katlan) in the Pilis Mountains, in Hungary. The complete genome of the viral strain agile frog/RD6/2015/HUN (MH330682) is 7188 nt long including a 48-nt 5′ and a 122-nt 3′ non-coding region. Sequence analysis indicated that the agile frog/RD6/2015/HUN genome has potentially three non-overlapping ORFs. ORF1 (4740 nt/1579aa) has a hepevirus-like non-structural genome organization and encodes several hepevirus-like amino acid sequence motifs. The ORF2 is a potential capsid protein. The functions of the ORF3 were not predictable. The study virus was present in 18 (46%) of the 39 faecal specimen pools from agile frog tadpoles. The taxonomic position of this novel virus is presently unknown.
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divergent hepatitis e virus in birds of prey common kestrel falco tinnunculus and red footed falcon f vespertinus hungary
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Robert Matics, Beatrix KapusinszkyAbstract:Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV), family Hepeviridae, has raised considerable public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the animal to animal transmissions and the natural chain of hepevirus infections in wildlife are less known. Using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a novel HEV in birds of prey was serendipitously identified in Hungary. HEV RNA was detected in total of 2 (18%) of the 11 and 1 (14%) of the 7 faecal samples from common kestrels and red-footed falcons, respectively. High faecal viral load (2.03 × 108 genomic copies/ml) measured by qPCR. The complete genome of strain kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN (KU670940) HEV is 7033-nt long including a 35-nt 5'end and a 63-nt 3'end (excluding the poly(A)-tail). Sequence analyses indicated that the ORF1 (4920 nt/639 aa), ORF2 (1989 nt/662 aa) and ORF3 (360 nt/119aa) proteins of kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN shared the highest identity (58.1%, 66.8% and 28.5%) to the corresponding proteins of ferret, rat and human genotype 4 Orthohepeviruses, respectively. Interestingly, the ORF3 protein is potentially initiated with leucine (L) using an alternate, non-AUG (UUG) start codon. This study reports the identification and complete genome characterization of a novel Orthohepevirus species related to mammalian HEVs in birds of prey. It is important to recognize all potential hosts, reservoirs and spreaders in nature and to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of hepeviruses.
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divergent hepatitis e virus in birds of prey common kestrel falco tinnunculus and red footed falcon f vespertinus hungary
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Robert Matics, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Eric Delwart, Akos Boros, Peter PankovicsAbstract:Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV), family Hepeviridae, has raised considerable public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the animal to animal transmissions and the natural chain of hepevirus infections in wildlife are less known. Using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a novel HEV in birds of prey was serendipitously identified in Hungary. HEV RNA was detected in total of 2 (18%) of the 11 and 1 (14%) of the 7 faecal samples from common kestrels and red-footed falcons, respectively. High faecal viral load (2.03 × 108 genomic copies/ml) measured by qPCR. The complete genome of strain kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN (KU670940) HEV is 7033-nt long including a 35-nt 5'end and a 63-nt 3'end (excluding the poly(A)-tail). Sequence analyses indicated that the ORF1 (4920 nt/639 aa), ORF2 (1989 nt/662 aa) and ORF3 (360 nt/119aa) proteins of kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN shared the highest identity (58.1%, 66.8% and 28.5%) to the corresponding proteins of ferret, rat and human genotype 4 Orthohepeviruses, respectively. Interestingly, the ORF3 protein is potentially initiated with leucine (L) using an alternate, non-AUG (UUG) start codon. This study reports the identification and complete genome characterization of a novel Orthohepevirus species related to mammalian HEVs in birds of prey. It is important to recognize all potential hosts, reservoirs and spreaders in nature and to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of hepeviruses.
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high variety of known and new rna and dna viruses of diverse origins in untreated sewage
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Rachel L. Marine, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Eric Delwart, Chunlin Wang, Peter Simmonds, Ladaporn Bodhidatta, Bamidele Soji Oderinde, K. E. WommackAbstract:ABSTRACT Deep sequencing of untreated sewage provides an opportunity to monitor enteric infections in large populations and for high-throughput viral discovery. A metagenomics analysis of purified viral particles in untreated sewage from the United States (San Francisco, CA), Nigeria (Maiduguri), Thailand (Bangkok), and Nepal (Kathmandu) revealed sequences related to 29 eukaryotic viral families infecting vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants (BLASTx E score, −4 ), including known pathogens (>90% protein identities) in numerous viral families infecting humans (Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Reoviridae), plants (Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Partitiviridae, Sobemovirus, Secoviridae, Tombusviridae, Tymoviridae, Virgaviridae), and insects (Dicistroviridae, Nodaviridae, and Parvoviridae). The full and partial genomes of a novel kobuvirus, salivirus, and sapovirus are described. A novel astrovirus (casa astrovirus) basal to those infecting mammals and birds, potentially representing a third astrovirus genus, was partially characterized. Potential new genera and families of viruses distantly related to members of the single-stranded RNA picorna-like virus superfamily were genetically characterized and named Picalivirus, Secalivirus, Hepelivirus, Nedicistrovirus, Cadicistrovirus, and Niflavirus. Phylogenetic analysis placed these highly divergent genomes near the root of the picorna-like virus superfamily, with possible vertebrate, plant, or arthropod hosts inferred from nucleotide composition analysis. Circular DNA genomes distantly related to the plant-infecting Geminiviridae family were named Baminivirus, Nimivirus, and Niminivirus. These results highlight the utility of analyzing sewage to monitor shedding of viral pathogens and the high viral diversity found in this common pollutant and provide genetic information to facilitate future studies of these newly characterized viruses.
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High Variety of Known and New RNA and DNA Viruses of Diverse Origins in Untreated Sewage
Journal of virology, 2012Co-Authors: Rachel L. Marine, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Chunlin Wang, Peter Simmonds, Ladaporn Bodhidatta, Bamidele Soji Oderinde, K. E. WommackAbstract:Deep sequencing of untreated sewage provides an opportunity to monitor enteric infections in large populations and for high-throughput viral discovery. A metagenomics analysis of purified viral particles in untreated sewage from the United States (San Francisco, CA), Nigeria (Maiduguri), Thailand (Bangkok), and Nepal (Kathmandu) revealed sequences related to 29 eukaryotic viral families infecting vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants (BLASTx E score, 90% protein identities) in numerous viral families infecting humans (Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Reoviridae), plants (Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Partitiviridae, Sobemovirus, Secoviridae, Tombusviridae, Tymoviridae, Virgaviridae), and insects (Dicistroviridae, Nodaviridae, and Parvoviridae). The full and partial genomes of a novel kobuvirus, salivirus, and sapovirus are described. A novel astrovirus (casa astrovirus) basal to those infecting mammals and birds, potentially representing a third astrovirus genus, was partially characterized. Potential new genera and families of viruses distantly related to members of the single-stranded RNA picorna-like virus superfamily were genetically characterized and named Picalivirus, Secalivirus, Hepelivirus, Nedicistrovirus, Cadicistrovirus, and Niflavirus. Phylogenetic analysis placed these highly divergent genomes near the root of the picorna-like virus superfamily, with possible vertebrate, plant, or arthropod hosts inferred from nucleotide composition analysis. Circular DNA genomes distantly related to the plant-infecting Geminiviridae family were named Baminivirus, Nimivirus, and Niminivirus. These results highlight the utility of analyzing sewage to monitor shedding of viral pathogens and the high viral diversity found in this common pollutant and provide genetic information to facilitate future studies of these newly characterized viruses.
Eric Delwart - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of a novel rna virus with hepatitis e virus like non structural genome organization in amphibian agile frog rana dalmatina tadpoles
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Eric Delwart, Akos Boros, Zoltan Toth, Peter PankovicsAbstract:Abstract In recent years, relatives (bastrovirus, hepelivirus) of hepeviruses (family Hepeviridae) have been reported in a variety of vertebrate hosts. Preliminary studies indicated that inter-viral family recombination events at the junction of the genomes that encodes non-structural (ORF1) and structural protein (ORF2) were implicated in the genesis of hepeviruses. Using viral metagenomics, next generation sequencing and RT-PCR techniques a genetically divergent hepevirus-like RNA virus was identified and characterized from agile frog (Rana dalmatina) tadpoles living in aquatic environment in three natural ponds (Melymocsar, Lake Ilona and Lake Katlan) in the Pilis Mountains, in Hungary. The complete genome of the viral strain agile frog/RD6/2015/HUN (MH330682) is 7188 nt long including a 48-nt 5′ and a 122-nt 3′ non-coding region. Sequence analysis indicated that the agile frog/RD6/2015/HUN genome has potentially three non-overlapping ORFs. ORF1 (4740 nt/1579aa) has a hepevirus-like non-structural genome organization and encodes several hepevirus-like amino acid sequence motifs. The ORF2 is a potential capsid protein. The functions of the ORF3 were not predictable. The study virus was present in 18 (46%) of the 39 faecal specimen pools from agile frog tadpoles. The taxonomic position of this novel virus is presently unknown.
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divergent hepatitis e virus in birds of prey common kestrel falco tinnunculus and red footed falcon f vespertinus hungary
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Robert Matics, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Eric Delwart, Akos Boros, Peter PankovicsAbstract:Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV), family Hepeviridae, has raised considerable public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the animal to animal transmissions and the natural chain of hepevirus infections in wildlife are less known. Using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a novel HEV in birds of prey was serendipitously identified in Hungary. HEV RNA was detected in total of 2 (18%) of the 11 and 1 (14%) of the 7 faecal samples from common kestrels and red-footed falcons, respectively. High faecal viral load (2.03 × 108 genomic copies/ml) measured by qPCR. The complete genome of strain kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN (KU670940) HEV is 7033-nt long including a 35-nt 5'end and a 63-nt 3'end (excluding the poly(A)-tail). Sequence analyses indicated that the ORF1 (4920 nt/639 aa), ORF2 (1989 nt/662 aa) and ORF3 (360 nt/119aa) proteins of kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN shared the highest identity (58.1%, 66.8% and 28.5%) to the corresponding proteins of ferret, rat and human genotype 4 Orthohepeviruses, respectively. Interestingly, the ORF3 protein is potentially initiated with leucine (L) using an alternate, non-AUG (UUG) start codon. This study reports the identification and complete genome characterization of a novel Orthohepevirus species related to mammalian HEVs in birds of prey. It is important to recognize all potential hosts, reservoirs and spreaders in nature and to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of hepeviruses.
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high variety of known and new rna and dna viruses of diverse origins in untreated sewage
Journal of Virology, 2012Co-Authors: Rachel L. Marine, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Eric Delwart, Chunlin Wang, Peter Simmonds, Ladaporn Bodhidatta, Bamidele Soji Oderinde, K. E. WommackAbstract:ABSTRACT Deep sequencing of untreated sewage provides an opportunity to monitor enteric infections in large populations and for high-throughput viral discovery. A metagenomics analysis of purified viral particles in untreated sewage from the United States (San Francisco, CA), Nigeria (Maiduguri), Thailand (Bangkok), and Nepal (Kathmandu) revealed sequences related to 29 eukaryotic viral families infecting vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants (BLASTx E score, −4 ), including known pathogens (>90% protein identities) in numerous viral families infecting humans (Adenoviridae, Astroviridae, Caliciviridae, Hepeviridae, Parvoviridae, Picornaviridae, Picobirnaviridae, and Reoviridae), plants (Alphaflexiviridae, Betaflexiviridae, Partitiviridae, Sobemovirus, Secoviridae, Tombusviridae, Tymoviridae, Virgaviridae), and insects (Dicistroviridae, Nodaviridae, and Parvoviridae). The full and partial genomes of a novel kobuvirus, salivirus, and sapovirus are described. A novel astrovirus (casa astrovirus) basal to those infecting mammals and birds, potentially representing a third astrovirus genus, was partially characterized. Potential new genera and families of viruses distantly related to members of the single-stranded RNA picorna-like virus superfamily were genetically characterized and named Picalivirus, Secalivirus, Hepelivirus, Nedicistrovirus, Cadicistrovirus, and Niflavirus. Phylogenetic analysis placed these highly divergent genomes near the root of the picorna-like virus superfamily, with possible vertebrate, plant, or arthropod hosts inferred from nucleotide composition analysis. Circular DNA genomes distantly related to the plant-infecting Geminiviridae family were named Baminivirus, Nimivirus, and Niminivirus. These results highlight the utility of analyzing sewage to monitor shedding of viral pathogens and the high viral diversity found in this common pollutant and provide genetic information to facilitate future studies of these newly characterized viruses.
Peter Pankovics - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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detection of a novel rna virus with hepatitis e virus like non structural genome organization in amphibian agile frog rana dalmatina tadpoles
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2018Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Eric Delwart, Akos Boros, Zoltan Toth, Peter PankovicsAbstract:Abstract In recent years, relatives (bastrovirus, hepelivirus) of hepeviruses (family Hepeviridae) have been reported in a variety of vertebrate hosts. Preliminary studies indicated that inter-viral family recombination events at the junction of the genomes that encodes non-structural (ORF1) and structural protein (ORF2) were implicated in the genesis of hepeviruses. Using viral metagenomics, next generation sequencing and RT-PCR techniques a genetically divergent hepevirus-like RNA virus was identified and characterized from agile frog (Rana dalmatina) tadpoles living in aquatic environment in three natural ponds (Melymocsar, Lake Ilona and Lake Katlan) in the Pilis Mountains, in Hungary. The complete genome of the viral strain agile frog/RD6/2015/HUN (MH330682) is 7188 nt long including a 48-nt 5′ and a 122-nt 3′ non-coding region. Sequence analysis indicated that the agile frog/RD6/2015/HUN genome has potentially three non-overlapping ORFs. ORF1 (4740 nt/1579aa) has a hepevirus-like non-structural genome organization and encodes several hepevirus-like amino acid sequence motifs. The ORF2 is a potential capsid protein. The functions of the ORF3 were not predictable. The study virus was present in 18 (46%) of the 39 faecal specimen pools from agile frog tadpoles. The taxonomic position of this novel virus is presently unknown.
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divergent hepatitis e virus in birds of prey common kestrel falco tinnunculus and red footed falcon f vespertinus hungary
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Robert Matics, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Eric Delwart, Akos Boros, Peter PankovicsAbstract:Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV), family Hepeviridae, has raised considerable public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the animal to animal transmissions and the natural chain of hepevirus infections in wildlife are less known. Using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a novel HEV in birds of prey was serendipitously identified in Hungary. HEV RNA was detected in total of 2 (18%) of the 11 and 1 (14%) of the 7 faecal samples from common kestrels and red-footed falcons, respectively. High faecal viral load (2.03 × 108 genomic copies/ml) measured by qPCR. The complete genome of strain kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN (KU670940) HEV is 7033-nt long including a 35-nt 5'end and a 63-nt 3'end (excluding the poly(A)-tail). Sequence analyses indicated that the ORF1 (4920 nt/639 aa), ORF2 (1989 nt/662 aa) and ORF3 (360 nt/119aa) proteins of kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN shared the highest identity (58.1%, 66.8% and 28.5%) to the corresponding proteins of ferret, rat and human genotype 4 Orthohepeviruses, respectively. Interestingly, the ORF3 protein is potentially initiated with leucine (L) using an alternate, non-AUG (UUG) start codon. This study reports the identification and complete genome characterization of a novel Orthohepevirus species related to mammalian HEVs in birds of prey. It is important to recognize all potential hosts, reservoirs and spreaders in nature and to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of hepeviruses.
Xiang-jin Meng - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hepatitis e virus foodborne waterborne and zoonotic transmission
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2013Co-Authors: Danielle M Yugo, Xiang-jin MengAbstract:Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for epidemics and endemics of acute hepatitis in humans, mainly through waterborne, foodborne, and zoonotic transmission routes. HEV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus classified in the family Hepeviridae and encompasses four known Genotypes (1–4), at least two new putative genotypes of mammalian HEV, and one floating genus of avian HEV. Genotypes 1 and 2 HEVs only affect humans, while Genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and responsible for sporadic and autochthonous infections in both humans and several other animal species worldwide. HEV has an ever-expanding host range and has been identified in numerous animal species. Swine serve as a reservoir species for HEV transmission to humans; however, it is likely that other animal species may also act as reservoirs. HEV poses an important public health concern with cases of the disease definitively linked to handling of infected pigs, consumption of raw and undercooked animal meats, and animal manure contamination of drinking or irrigation water. Infectious HEV has been identified in numerous sources of concern including animal feces, sewage water, inadequately-treated water, contaminated shellfish and produce, as well as animal meats. Many aspects of HEV pathogenesis, replication, and immunological responses remain unknown, as HEV is an extremely understudied but important human pathogen. This article reviews the current understanding of HEV transmission routes with emphasis on food and environmental sources and the prevalence of HEV in animal species with zoonotic potential in humans.
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zoonotic and foodborne transmission of hepatitis e virus
Seminars in Liver Disease, 2013Co-Authors: Xiang-jin MengAbstract:Hepatitis E is an important disease in many developing countries of Asia and Africa with large explosive outbreaks and is also endemic with sporadic or cluster cases of hepatitis in many industrialized countries. The causative agent, hepatitis E virus (HEV), is currently classified in the family Hepeviridae . Thus far, four putative genera of HEV representing mammalian, avian, and fish species have been identified and characterized worldwide. Within the mammalian HEV that infects humans, genotypes 1 and 2 are associated with epidemics and restricted to humans, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and associated with sporadic and cluster cases of hepatitis E. As a fecal–orally transmitted disease, waterborne transmission is still an important route of HEV transmission especially for large outbreaks associated with genotypes 1 and 2. However, genetic identification of numerous animal strains of HEV and the demonstrated ability of cross-species infection by these animal strains have significantly broadened the host range and diversity of HEV and raised public health concerns for zoonosis and food safety associated with genotypes 3 and 4 HEV infection. Pigs and likely other animal species serve as reservoirs for HEV. Direct contact with infected pigs and other animals and consumption of contaminated animal meat and meat products pose risks for HEV infection. In this article, the current understanding of the zoonotic and foodborne transmissions of HEV as well as strategies to prevent zoonosis and ensure food safety is discussed.
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www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph Review Hepatitis E Virus: Foodborne, Waterborne and Zoonotic Transmission
2013Co-Authors: Danielle M Yugo, Xiang-jin MengAbstract:Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for epidemics and endemics of acute hepatitis in humans, mainly through waterborne, foodborne, and zoonotic transmission routes. HEV is a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus classified in the family Hepeviridae and encompasses four known Genotypes (1–4), at least two new putative genotypes of mammalian HEV, and one floating genus of avian HEV. Genotypes 1 and 2 HEVs only affect humans, while Genotypes 3 and 4 are zoonotic and responsible for sporadic and autochthonous infections in both humans and several other animal species worldwide. HEV has an ever-expanding host range and has been identified in numerous animal species. Swine serve as a reservoir species for HEV transmission to humans; however, it is likely that other animal species may also act as reservoirs. HEV poses an important public health concern with cases of the disease definitively linked to handling of infected pigs, consumption of raw and undercooked animal meats, and animal manure contamination of drinking or irrigation water. Infectious HEV has been identified in numerous sources of concern including animal feces, sewage water, inadequately-treated water, contaminated shellfish and produce, as well as animal meats. Many aspects of HE
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from barnyard to food table the omnipresence of hepatitis e virus and risk for zoonotic infection and food safety
Virus Research, 2011Co-Authors: Xiang-jin MengAbstract:Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important but extremely understudied pathogen. The mechanisms of HEV replication and pathogenesis are poorly understood, and a vaccine against HEV is not yet available. HEV is classified in the family Hepeviridae consisting of at least four recognized major genotypes. Genotypes 1 and 2 HEV are restricted to humans and associated with epidemics in developing countries, whereas genotypes 3 and 4 HEV are zoonotic and responsible for sporadic cases worldwide. The identification and characterization of a number of animal strains of HEV from pigs, chickens, rabbits, rats, mongoose, deer, and possibly cattle and sheep have significantly broadened the host range and diversity of HEV. The demonstrated ability of cross-species infection by some animal strains of HEV raises public health concerns for zoonotic HEV infection. Pigs are a recognized reservoir for HEV, and pig handlers are at increased risk of zoonotic HEV infection. Sporadic cases of hepatitis E have been definitively linked to the consumption of raw or undercooked animal meats such as pig livers, sausages, and deer meats. In addition, since large amounts of viruses excreted in feces, animal manure land application and runoffs can contaminate irrigation and drinking water with concomitant contamination of produce or shellfish. HEV RNA of swine origin has been detected in swine manure, sewage water and oysters, and consumption of contaminated shellfish has also been implicated in sporadic cases of hepatitis E. Therefore, the animal strains of HEV pose not only a zoonotic risk but also food and environmental safety concerns.
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zoonotic hepatitis e animal reservoirs and emerging risks
Veterinary Research, 2010Co-Authors: Nicole Pavio, Xiang-jin Meng, C RenouAbstract:Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is responsible for enterically-transmitted acute hepatitis in humans with two distinct epidemiological patterns. In endemic regions, large waterborne epidemics with thousands of people affected have been observed, and, in contrast, in non-endemic regions, sporadic cases have been described. Although contaminated water has been well documented as the source of infection in endemic regions, the modes of transmission in non-endemic regions are much less known. HEV is a single-strand, positive-sense RNA virus which is classified in the Hepeviridae family with at least four known main genotypes (1–4) of mammalian HEV and one avian HEV. HEV is unique among the known hepatitis viruses, in which it has an animal reservoir. In contrast to humans, swine and other mammalian animal species infected by HEV generally remain asymptomatic, whereas chickens infected by avian HEV may develop a disease known as Hepatitis-Splenomegaly syndrome. HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are found exclusively in humans while genotypes 3 and 4 are found both in humans and other mammals. Several lines of evidence indicate that, in some cases involving HEV genotypes 3 and 4, animal to human transmissions occur. Furthermore, individuals with direct contact with animals are at higher risk of HEV infection. Cross-species infections with HEV genotypes 3 and 4 have been demonstrated experimentally. However, not all sources of human infections have been identified thus far and in many cases, the origin of HEV infection in humans remains unknown.
Robert Matics - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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divergent hepatitis e virus in birds of prey common kestrel falco tinnunculus and red footed falcon f vespertinus hungary
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Robert Matics, Beatrix KapusinszkyAbstract:Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV), family Hepeviridae, has raised considerable public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the animal to animal transmissions and the natural chain of hepevirus infections in wildlife are less known. Using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a novel HEV in birds of prey was serendipitously identified in Hungary. HEV RNA was detected in total of 2 (18%) of the 11 and 1 (14%) of the 7 faecal samples from common kestrels and red-footed falcons, respectively. High faecal viral load (2.03 × 108 genomic copies/ml) measured by qPCR. The complete genome of strain kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN (KU670940) HEV is 7033-nt long including a 35-nt 5'end and a 63-nt 3'end (excluding the poly(A)-tail). Sequence analyses indicated that the ORF1 (4920 nt/639 aa), ORF2 (1989 nt/662 aa) and ORF3 (360 nt/119aa) proteins of kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN shared the highest identity (58.1%, 66.8% and 28.5%) to the corresponding proteins of ferret, rat and human genotype 4 Orthohepeviruses, respectively. Interestingly, the ORF3 protein is potentially initiated with leucine (L) using an alternate, non-AUG (UUG) start codon. This study reports the identification and complete genome characterization of a novel Orthohepevirus species related to mammalian HEVs in birds of prey. It is important to recognize all potential hosts, reservoirs and spreaders in nature and to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of hepeviruses.
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divergent hepatitis e virus in birds of prey common kestrel falco tinnunculus and red footed falcon f vespertinus hungary
Infection Genetics and Evolution, 2016Co-Authors: Gabor Reuter, Robert Matics, Beatrix Kapusinszky, Eric Delwart, Akos Boros, Peter PankovicsAbstract:Abstract Hepatitis E virus (HEV), family Hepeviridae, has raised considerable public health concerns because of its zoonotic potential; however, the animal to animal transmissions and the natural chain of hepevirus infections in wildlife are less known. Using random amplification and next generation sequencing technology a novel HEV in birds of prey was serendipitously identified in Hungary. HEV RNA was detected in total of 2 (18%) of the 11 and 1 (14%) of the 7 faecal samples from common kestrels and red-footed falcons, respectively. High faecal viral load (2.03 × 108 genomic copies/ml) measured by qPCR. The complete genome of strain kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN (KU670940) HEV is 7033-nt long including a 35-nt 5'end and a 63-nt 3'end (excluding the poly(A)-tail). Sequence analyses indicated that the ORF1 (4920 nt/639 aa), ORF2 (1989 nt/662 aa) and ORF3 (360 nt/119aa) proteins of kestrel/MR22/2014/HUN shared the highest identity (58.1%, 66.8% and 28.5%) to the corresponding proteins of ferret, rat and human genotype 4 Orthohepeviruses, respectively. Interestingly, the ORF3 protein is potentially initiated with leucine (L) using an alternate, non-AUG (UUG) start codon. This study reports the identification and complete genome characterization of a novel Orthohepevirus species related to mammalian HEVs in birds of prey. It is important to recognize all potential hosts, reservoirs and spreaders in nature and to reconstruct the phylogenetic history of hepeviruses.