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Dalius Butkauskas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular identification of four Sarcocystis species in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, from Lithuania.
Parasites & vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Petras Prakas, Dalius Butkauskas, Evelina Juozaitytė-nguguAbstract:Birds of the family Laridae have not been intensively examined for infections with Sarcocystis spp. To date, sarcocysts of two species, S. lari and S. wobeseri, have been identified in the muscles of Gulls. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the species richness of Sarcocystis in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, from Lithuania. In the period between 2013 and 2019, leg muscles of 35 Herring Gulls were examined for sarcocysts of Sarcocystis spp. Sarcocystis spp. were characterised morphologically based on a light microscopy study. Four sarcocysts isolated from the muscles of each infected bird were subjected to further molecular examination. Sarcocystis species were identified by means of ITS1 sequence analysis. Sarcocysts were detected in 9/35 Herring Gulls (25.7%). Using light microscopy, one morphological type of sarcocysts was observed. Sarcocysts were microscopic, thread-like, had a smooth and thin (about 1 µm) cyst wall and were filled with banana-shaped bradyzoites. On the basis of ITS1 sequences, four Sarcocystis species, S. columbae, S. halieti, S. lari and S. wobeseri, were identified. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a single infected Herring Gull could host two Sarcocystis species indistinguishable under light microscopy. Larus argentatus is the first bird species found to act as intermediate host of four Sarcocystis spp. According to current knowledge, five species, S. falcatula, S. calchasi, S. wobeseri, S. columbae and S. halieti can use birds belonging to different orders as intermediate hosts.
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Molecular identification of four Sarcocystis species in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, from Lithuania
Parasites & Vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Petras Prakas, Dalius Butkauskas, Evelina Juozaitytė-nguguAbstract:Background Birds of the family Laridae have not been intensively examined for infections with Sarcocystis spp. To date, sarcocysts of two species, S . lari and S . wobeseri , have been identified in the muscles of Gulls. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the species richness of Sarcocystis in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus , from Lithuania. Methods In the period between 2013 and 2019, leg muscles of 35 Herring Gulls were examined for sarcocysts of Sarcocystis spp. Sarcocystis spp. were characterised morphologically based on a light microscopy study. Four sarcocysts isolated from the muscles of each infected bird were subjected to further molecular examination. Sarcocystis species were identified by means of ITS1 sequence analysis. Results Sarcocysts were detected in 9/35 Herring Gulls (25.7%). Using light microscopy, one morphological type of sarcocysts was observed. Sarcocysts were microscopic, thread-like, had a smooth and thin (about 1 µm) cyst wall and were filled with banana-shaped bradyzoites. On the basis of ITS1 sequences, four Sarcocystis species, S . columbae , S . halieti , S . lari and S . wobeseri , were identified. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a single infected Herring Gull could host two Sarcocystis species indistinguishable under light microscopy. Conclusions Larus argentatus is the first bird species found to act as intermediate host of four Sarcocystis spp. According to current knowledge, five species, S . falcatula , S . calchasi , S . wobeseri , S . columbae and S . halieti can use birds belonging to different orders as intermediate hosts.
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Sarcocystis sp. from the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) identity to Sarcocystis wobeseri based on cyst morphology and DNA results
Parasitology research, 2011Co-Authors: Petras Prakas, Liuda Kutkienė, Aniolas Sruoga, Dalius ButkauskasAbstract:Having studied 11 Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) Sarcocystis cysts were found in neck and leg muscles of 4 birds. One type of sarcocysts (cyst type I) that have a thin (∼1.0 μm), smooth, or slightly wavy cyst wall without clearly visible protrusions and small (6.0–8.0 μm) lancet- or banana-shaped cystozoites was identified by the light microscopy. Sarcocysts extracted from one Herring Gull were used for electron microscopy and DNA analysis. Ultrastructurally, Sarcocystis sp. from the Herring Gull had the same tissue cyst wall type-1 as S. calchasi, S. columbae, and S. wobeseri parasitizing in birds. According to first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) region, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA gene sequences, Sarcocystis sp. from the Herring Gull belongs to S. wobeseri. Nevertheless, without evidences of cross-transmission experiment sarcocysts extracted from Herring Gull at present time are named as S. wobeseri-like.
Petras Prakas - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular identification of four Sarcocystis species in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, from Lithuania.
Parasites & vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Petras Prakas, Dalius Butkauskas, Evelina Juozaitytė-nguguAbstract:Birds of the family Laridae have not been intensively examined for infections with Sarcocystis spp. To date, sarcocysts of two species, S. lari and S. wobeseri, have been identified in the muscles of Gulls. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the species richness of Sarcocystis in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, from Lithuania. In the period between 2013 and 2019, leg muscles of 35 Herring Gulls were examined for sarcocysts of Sarcocystis spp. Sarcocystis spp. were characterised morphologically based on a light microscopy study. Four sarcocysts isolated from the muscles of each infected bird were subjected to further molecular examination. Sarcocystis species were identified by means of ITS1 sequence analysis. Sarcocysts were detected in 9/35 Herring Gulls (25.7%). Using light microscopy, one morphological type of sarcocysts was observed. Sarcocysts were microscopic, thread-like, had a smooth and thin (about 1 µm) cyst wall and were filled with banana-shaped bradyzoites. On the basis of ITS1 sequences, four Sarcocystis species, S. columbae, S. halieti, S. lari and S. wobeseri, were identified. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a single infected Herring Gull could host two Sarcocystis species indistinguishable under light microscopy. Larus argentatus is the first bird species found to act as intermediate host of four Sarcocystis spp. According to current knowledge, five species, S. falcatula, S. calchasi, S. wobeseri, S. columbae and S. halieti can use birds belonging to different orders as intermediate hosts.
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Molecular identification of four Sarcocystis species in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, from Lithuania
Parasites & Vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Petras Prakas, Dalius Butkauskas, Evelina Juozaitytė-nguguAbstract:Background Birds of the family Laridae have not been intensively examined for infections with Sarcocystis spp. To date, sarcocysts of two species, S . lari and S . wobeseri , have been identified in the muscles of Gulls. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the species richness of Sarcocystis in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus , from Lithuania. Methods In the period between 2013 and 2019, leg muscles of 35 Herring Gulls were examined for sarcocysts of Sarcocystis spp. Sarcocystis spp. were characterised morphologically based on a light microscopy study. Four sarcocysts isolated from the muscles of each infected bird were subjected to further molecular examination. Sarcocystis species were identified by means of ITS1 sequence analysis. Results Sarcocysts were detected in 9/35 Herring Gulls (25.7%). Using light microscopy, one morphological type of sarcocysts was observed. Sarcocysts were microscopic, thread-like, had a smooth and thin (about 1 µm) cyst wall and were filled with banana-shaped bradyzoites. On the basis of ITS1 sequences, four Sarcocystis species, S . columbae , S . halieti , S . lari and S . wobeseri , were identified. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a single infected Herring Gull could host two Sarcocystis species indistinguishable under light microscopy. Conclusions Larus argentatus is the first bird species found to act as intermediate host of four Sarcocystis spp. According to current knowledge, five species, S . falcatula , S . calchasi , S . wobeseri , S . columbae and S . halieti can use birds belonging to different orders as intermediate hosts.
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Sarcocystis sp. from the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) identity to Sarcocystis wobeseri based on cyst morphology and DNA results
Parasitology research, 2011Co-Authors: Petras Prakas, Liuda Kutkienė, Aniolas Sruoga, Dalius ButkauskasAbstract:Having studied 11 Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) Sarcocystis cysts were found in neck and leg muscles of 4 birds. One type of sarcocysts (cyst type I) that have a thin (∼1.0 μm), smooth, or slightly wavy cyst wall without clearly visible protrusions and small (6.0–8.0 μm) lancet- or banana-shaped cystozoites was identified by the light microscopy. Sarcocysts extracted from one Herring Gull were used for electron microscopy and DNA analysis. Ultrastructurally, Sarcocystis sp. from the Herring Gull had the same tissue cyst wall type-1 as S. calchasi, S. columbae, and S. wobeseri parasitizing in birds. According to first internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) region, 18S rRNA and 28S rRNA gene sequences, Sarcocystis sp. from the Herring Gull belongs to S. wobeseri. Nevertheless, without evidences of cross-transmission experiment sarcocysts extracted from Herring Gull at present time are named as S. wobeseri-like.
Evelina Juozaitytė-ngugu - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Molecular identification of four Sarcocystis species in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, from Lithuania
Parasites & Vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Petras Prakas, Dalius Butkauskas, Evelina Juozaitytė-nguguAbstract:Background Birds of the family Laridae have not been intensively examined for infections with Sarcocystis spp. To date, sarcocysts of two species, S . lari and S . wobeseri , have been identified in the muscles of Gulls. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the species richness of Sarcocystis in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus , from Lithuania. Methods In the period between 2013 and 2019, leg muscles of 35 Herring Gulls were examined for sarcocysts of Sarcocystis spp. Sarcocystis spp. were characterised morphologically based on a light microscopy study. Four sarcocysts isolated from the muscles of each infected bird were subjected to further molecular examination. Sarcocystis species were identified by means of ITS1 sequence analysis. Results Sarcocysts were detected in 9/35 Herring Gulls (25.7%). Using light microscopy, one morphological type of sarcocysts was observed. Sarcocysts were microscopic, thread-like, had a smooth and thin (about 1 µm) cyst wall and were filled with banana-shaped bradyzoites. On the basis of ITS1 sequences, four Sarcocystis species, S . columbae , S . halieti , S . lari and S . wobeseri , were identified. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a single infected Herring Gull could host two Sarcocystis species indistinguishable under light microscopy. Conclusions Larus argentatus is the first bird species found to act as intermediate host of four Sarcocystis spp. According to current knowledge, five species, S . falcatula , S . calchasi , S . wobeseri , S . columbae and S . halieti can use birds belonging to different orders as intermediate hosts.
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Molecular identification of four Sarcocystis species in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, from Lithuania.
Parasites & vectors, 2020Co-Authors: Petras Prakas, Dalius Butkauskas, Evelina Juozaitytė-nguguAbstract:Birds of the family Laridae have not been intensively examined for infections with Sarcocystis spp. To date, sarcocysts of two species, S. lari and S. wobeseri, have been identified in the muscles of Gulls. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the species richness of Sarcocystis in the Herring Gull, Larus argentatus, from Lithuania. In the period between 2013 and 2019, leg muscles of 35 Herring Gulls were examined for sarcocysts of Sarcocystis spp. Sarcocystis spp. were characterised morphologically based on a light microscopy study. Four sarcocysts isolated from the muscles of each infected bird were subjected to further molecular examination. Sarcocystis species were identified by means of ITS1 sequence analysis. Sarcocysts were detected in 9/35 Herring Gulls (25.7%). Using light microscopy, one morphological type of sarcocysts was observed. Sarcocysts were microscopic, thread-like, had a smooth and thin (about 1 µm) cyst wall and were filled with banana-shaped bradyzoites. On the basis of ITS1 sequences, four Sarcocystis species, S. columbae, S. halieti, S. lari and S. wobeseri, were identified. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that a single infected Herring Gull could host two Sarcocystis species indistinguishable under light microscopy. Larus argentatus is the first bird species found to act as intermediate host of four Sarcocystis spp. According to current knowledge, five species, S. falcatula, S. calchasi, S. wobeseri, S. columbae and S. halieti can use birds belonging to different orders as intermediate hosts.
Robert W Furness - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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a histochemical comparison of fibre types in the m pectoralis and m supracoracoideus of the great skua catharacta skua and the Herring Gull larus argentatus with reference to kleptoparasitic capabilities
Journal of Zoology, 1993Co-Authors: Richard William Grier Caldow, Robert W FurnessAbstract:Skuas, which are closely related to Gulls, frequently use a specialized feeding method (kleptoparasitism) by which they rob other seabirds of their food. This paper tests the idea that skuas have evolved as specialist kleptoparasites. The fibre type composition of the M. pectoralis, M. supracoracoideus and M. iliofibularis of a great skua Catharacta skua (Brunn.) and a Herring Gull Larus argentatus (Pontopp.) was determined by three enzyme histochemical methods commonly used for mammalian fibre classification; the reactions for alphaGPDH, NADH-TR and mATPase activity. In both species slow fibres were present only in the M. iliofibularis, and fast twitch glycolytic fibres were not present in any of the muscles. The M. pectoralis and M. supracoracoideus of both species consisted entirely of the fast twitch oxidative-glycolytic fibres. The overall metabolic enzyme activities of the muscles were assessed in terms of the proportions of fibres with high, intermediate and low metabolic enzyme activity. The overall levels of oxidative and glycolytic enzyme activity were significantly higher in the M. pectoralis than in the M. supracoracoideus and significantly higher in both of these than in the M. iliofibularis. This was true of both species. The oxidative and glycolytic activities of all three muscles of the great skua were significantly higher than those of the homologous muscles of the Herring Gull. This was particularly true of the M. pectoralis and M. supracoracoideus. It is suggested that this difference between great skuas and Herring Gulls enables the former to be more effective aerial kleptoparasites than the latter.
D.v. Weseloh - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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current concentrations and spatial and temporal trends in mercury in great lakes Herring Gull eggs 1974 2009
Ecotoxicology, 2011Co-Authors: D.v. Weseloh, Craig E. Hebert, David J Moore, Shane R De Solla, Birgit M Braune, Daryl J McgoldrickAbstract:Current concentrations and spatial and temporal trends of total mercury (Hg) were assessed in eggs of the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) over the period 1974–2009 at 15 sites in the Great Lakes: 2–3 sites per lake and one site in each of 3 connecting channels. Current (2009) concentrations ranged from 0.064 μg/g (wet weight) at Chantry Island (Lake Huron) to 0.246 μg/g at Middle Island (Lake Erie). There were significant inter-colony differences in mean Hg concentrations (2005–2009). Mercury concentrations at 14 of 15 sites declined from 23 to 86% between when it was first measured (usually 1974) and 2009. Declining temporal trends over the entire period (1974–2009) were significant at 10 of the 15 sites. On the other hand, there were no significant trends in mercury over the last 15 years. In the early years, declines of Hg in Herring Gull eggs tracked those in Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) in most Great Lakes. More recently, declines in Gull eggs were more evident than in smelt and may be partially explained by temporal changes in the Gull diet. When Gull Hg data were adjusted for temporal changes in the Gull diet, as inferred from stable nitrogen isotope values in eggs, significant declines in egg mercury levels were found only at 4 of 15 sites. Overall, Hg concentrations have declined in Great Lakes Herring Gull eggs over the period 1974–2009 but changes in the Gull diet may be contributing, in part, to those declines. Examination of contaminant temporal trends in multiple indicator species will ensure accurate inferences regarding contaminant availability in the environment.
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dramatic changes in the temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers pbdes in Herring Gull eggs from the laurentian great lakes 1982 2006
Environmental Science & Technology, 2008Co-Authors: Lewis T Gauthier, Craig E. Hebert, D.v. Weseloh, Robert J LetcherAbstract:DecaBDE is a current-use, commercial formulation of an additive, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardant composed of >97% 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,5,5′,6,6′-decabromoDE (BDE-209). Of the 43 PBDE congeners monitored, we report on the temporal trends (1982–2006) of quantifiable PBDEs, and specifically BDE-209, in pooled samples of Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) eggs from seven colonies spanning the Laurentian Great Lakes. BDE-209 concentrations in 2006 egg pools ranged from 4.5 to 20 ng/g wet weight (ww) and constituted 0.6−4.5% of Σ39PBDE concentrations among colonies, whereas ΣoctaBDE and ΣnonaBDE concentrations constituted from 0.5 to 2.2% and 0.3 to 1.1%, respectively. From 1982 to 2006, the BDE-209 doubling times ranged from 2.1 to 3.0 years, whereas for ΣoctaBDEs and ΣnonaBDEs, the mean doubling times ranged from 3.0 to 11 years and 2.4 to 5.3 years, respectively. The source of the octa- and nona-BDE congeners, e.g., BDE-207 and BDE-197, are the result of BDE-209 debromination, and they are either...
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spatial patterns and rankings of contaminant concentrations in Herring Gull eggs from 15 sites in the great lakes and connecting channels 1998 2002
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2006Co-Authors: D.v. Weseloh, Cynthia Pekarik, Shane R De SollaAbstract:Mean values of eight contaminants in Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) eggs were calculated for 15 Great Lakes sites for the 5 year period 1998–2002. The sites were ranked according to the concentrations of each of seven compounds relative to fish flesh criteria for the protection of piscivorous wildlife, and a single overall rank of contamination was calculated for each site. Based on this weighted ranking scheme, we found that sum PCBs, dioxin and DDE contributed the most (60.2, 30.5% and 8.5%, respectively) to the overall rankings. The weighted ranking scheme showed that eggs from Channel-Shelter Island (Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron), Strachan Island (St. Lawrence River) and Gull Island (northern Lake Michigan) ranked as the three most contaminated sites, while Agawa Rocks (eastern Lake Superior), Chantry Island (southern Lake Huron) and Port Colborne (eastern Lake Erie) ranked as the three least contaminated sites. Two of the three most contaminated sites are Areas of Concern; none of the three least contaminated sites are Areas of Concern.
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geographical distribution 2000 and temporal trends 1981 2000 of brominated diphenyl ethers in great lakes Herring Gull eggs
Environmental Science & Technology, 2002Co-Authors: Ross J. Norstrom, M. Simon, John Moisey, Bryan Wakeford, D.v. WeselohAbstract:Geographical distribution of brominated diphenyl ether (BDE) flame retardants in the North American Great Lakes ecosystem in 2000 was determined by analysis of Herring Gull eggs (13 egg pools) from a network of 15 monitoring colonies scattered throughout the lakes and connecting channels. ΣBDEs were found at concentrations ranging from 192 to 1400 μg/kg, mean of 662 ± 368 μg/kg (wet weight of egg contents). Highest concentrations were found in northern Lake Michigan and Toronto harbor (1000−1400 μg/kg) and lowest in Lake Huron and Lake Erie (192−340 μg/kg). The distribution suggested that input from large urban/industrial areas through air or water emissions contributes local contamination to the Herring Gull food web in addition to background levels from regional/global transport. The congener composition was similar among sampling sites. Major congeners were BDE−47 (43%), BDE−99 (26%), BDE−100 (13%) BDE−153 (11%), BDE−154 (4%), BDE−183 (2%) and BDE−28 (1%). Temporal trends of BDE contamination, 1981−200...
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mercury levels in great lakes Herring Gull larus argentatus eggs 1972 1992
Environmental Pollution, 1996Co-Authors: M D Koster, D.v. Weseloh, D P Ryckman, John StrugerAbstract:Since 1971, the Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) has been used as a sentinel species for monitoring the levels of persistent contaminants in the Great Lakes ecosystem. In this study, 21 Herring Gull colonies in the Great Lakes and connecting channels were sampled during 1972–1976, 1981–1983, 1985 and 1992. For each year, 10 eggs (usually) were collected from each colony site and analyzed for total mercury (μg/g, wet wt). Results indicated that eggs from Lake Ontario displayed the highest lake-wide mercury levels (0.28–0.73 μg/g), followed by Lake Superior (0.21–0.50 μg/g). Lake Erie typically displayed the lowest mercury levels (0.18–0.24 μg/g). Overall, mercury levels ranged from 0.12 μg/g in 1985 to 0.88 μg/g in 1982 for Channel Shelter Island (Lake Huron) and Pigeon Island (Lake Ontario), respectively. Generally, all colony sites showed peak egg mercury levels in 1982. A significant decline in egg mercury levels was observed in five colony sites for the period 1972–1992 and in three different colony sites for the period 1981–1992. Mercury levels in the eggs of Herring Gulls for the period of this study were below levels associated with acute toxic effects in this species but were within a range, for certain years, which potentially reduces hatchability in other avian species.