The Experts below are selected from a list of 939 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Mingshun Chen - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Genome-wide associations for multiple pest resistances in a Northwestern United States elite spring wheat panel
    PloS one, 2018
    Co-Authors: Kaori Ando, Mingshun Chen, Sheri Rynearson, Kebede T. Muleta, Jhonatan Gedamu, Bedada Girma, Nilsa A. Bosque-pérez, Michael O. Pumphrey
    Abstract:

    Northern areas of the western United States are one of the most productive wheat growing regions in the United States. Increasing productivity through breeding is hindered by several biotic stresses which slow and constrain targeted yield improvement. In order to understand genetic variation for stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici), Septoria tritici blotch (Mycosphaerella graminicola), and Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor) in regional germplasm, a panel of 408 elite spring wheat lines was characterized and genotyped with an Illumina 9K wheat single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip to enable genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses. Significant marker-trait associations were identified for stripe rust (38 loci), Septoria tritici blotch (8) and Hessian Fly (9) resistance. Many of the QTL corresponded with previously reported gene locations or QTL, but we also discovered new resistance loci for each trait. We validated one of the stripe rust resistance loci detected by GWAS in a bi-parental mapping population, which confirmed the detection of Yr15 in the panel. This study elucidated well-defined chromosome regions for multiple pest resistances in elite Northwest germplasm. Newly identified resistance loci, along with SNPs more tightly linked to previously reported genes or QTL will help future breeding and marker assisted selection efforts.

  • Quantitative trait loci (QTL), QTL tagging SNP, chromosome location, P and R2 values for UI Hessian Fly population.
    2018
    Co-Authors: Kaori Ando, Mingshun Chen, Sheri Rynearson, Kebede T. Muleta, Jhonatan Gedamu, Bedada Girma, Nilsa A. Bosque-pérez, Mike O. Pumphrey
    Abstract:

    Quantitative trait loci (QTL), QTL tagging SNP, chromosome location, P and R2 values for UI Hessian Fly population.

  • Avirulence Effector Discovery in a Plant Galling and Plant Parasitic Arthropod, the Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor)
    2016
    Co-Authors: Rajat Aggarwal, Subhashree Subramanyam, Mingshun Chen, Chaoyang Zhao, Marion O. Harris, Jeff J Stuart
    Abstract:

    Highly specialized obligate plant-parasites exist within several groups of arthropods (insects and mites). Many of these are important pests, but the molecular basis of their parasitism and its evolution are poorly understood. One hypothesis is that plant parasitic arthropods use effector proteins to defeat basal plant immunity and modulate plant growth. Because avirulence (Avr) gene discovery is a reliable method of effector identification, we tested this hypothesis using high-resolution molecular genetic mapping of an Avr gene (vH13) in the Hessian Fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor), an important gall midge pest of wheat (Triticum spp.). Chromosome walking resolved the position of vH13, and revealed alleles that determine whether HF larvae are virulent (survive) or avirulent (die) on wheat seedlings carrying the wheat H13 resistance gene. Association mapping found three independent insertions in vH13 that appear to be responsible for H13-virulence in field populations. We observed vH13 transcription in H13-avirulent larvae and the salivary glands of H13-avirulent larvae, but not in H13-virulent larvae. RNA-interference-knockdown of vH13 transcripts allowed some H13-avirulent larvae to escape H13-directed resistance. vH13 is the first Avr gene identified in an arthropod. It encodes a small modular protein with no sequence similarities to other proteins in GenBank. These data clearly support the hypothesis that an effector-base

  • Genes Expressed Differentially in Hessian Fly Larvae Feeding in Resistant and Susceptible Plants
    MDPI AG, 2016
    Co-Authors: Mingshun Chen, Haiyan Wang, Sanzhen Liu, Xiaoyan Cheng, Mustapha El Bouhssini, Jeff R. Whitworth
    Abstract:

    The Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor, is a destructive pest of wheat worldwide and mainly controlled by deploying resistant cultivars. In this study, we investigated the genes that were expressed differentially between larvae in resistant plants and those in susceptible plants through RNA sequencing on the Illumina platform. Informative genes were 11,832, 14,861, 15,708, and 15,071 for the comparisons between larvae in resistant versus susceptible plants for 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 days, respectively, after larvae had reached the feeding site. The transcript abundance corresponding to 5401, 6902, 8457, and 5202 of the informative genes exhibited significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) in the respective paired comparisons. Overall, genes involved in nutrient metabolism, RNA and protein synthesis exhibited lower transcript abundance in larvae from resistant plants, indicating that resistant plants inhibited nutrient metabolism and protein production in larvae. Interestingly, the numbers of cytochrome P450 genes with higher transcript abundance in larvae from resistant plants were comparable to, or higher than those with lower transcript abundance, indicating that toxic chemicals from resistant plants may have played important roles in Hessian Fly larval death. Our study also identified several families of genes encoding secreted salivary gland proteins (SSGPs) that were expressed at early stage of 1st instar larvae and with more genes with higher transcript abundance in larvae from resistant plants. Those SSGPs are candidate effectors with important roles in plant manipulation

  • avirulence gene mapping in the Hessian Fly mayetiola destructor reveals a protein phosphatase 2c effector gene family
    Journal of Insect Physiology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Chaoyang Zhao, Richard H Shukle, Mingshun Chen, Lucio Navarroescalante, Stephen Richards, Jeffrey J Stuart
    Abstract:

    The genetic tractability of the Hessian Fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor) provides an opportunity to investigate the mechanisms insects use to induce plant gall formation. Here we demonstrate that capacity using the newly sequenced HF genome by identifying the gene (vH24) that elicits effector-triggered immunity in wheat (Triticum spp.) seedlings carrying HF resistance gene H24. vH24 was mapped within a 230-kb genomic fragment near the telomere of HF chromosome X1. That fragment contains only 21 putative genes. The best candidate vH24 gene in this region encodes a protein containing a secretion signal and a type-2 serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP2C) domain. This gene has an H24-virulence associated insertion in its promoter that appears to silence transcription of the gene in H24-virulent larvae. Candidate vH24 is a member of a small family of genes that encode secretion signals and PP2C domains. It belongs to the fraction of genes in the HF genome previously predicted to encode effector proteins. Because PP2C proteins are not normally secreted, our results suggest that these are PP2C effectors that HF larvae inject into wheat cells to redirect, or interfere, with wheat signal transduction pathways.

Chen Ming-shun - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Differential Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor) reactions in resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars
    2017
    Co-Authors: Motolai Gergely, Chen Ming-shun
    Abstract:

    Hessian Fly is a serious chronic wheat, barley and rye pest, that causes huge economical damage in the US every year. The goal of study was to investigate how the Hessian Fly resistant wheat differs from the susceptible wheat after the infestation? Our result showed that the Hessian can grow and develop in susceptible wheat, but die in resistant plants. We found differences in protein profiles in host plants when we compare the feeding site vs non-feeding site samples on HPLC. This experiment is important to understand the genetic differences between susceptible and resistant crops and differences in gene expression after the Hessian Fly injected its saliva. The result of this experiment helps understanding on how the Hessian Fly manipulates host plants for its benefit

  • Genes Expressed Differentially in Hessian Fly Larvae Feeding in Resistant and Susceptible Plants
    'MDPI AG', 2016
    Co-Authors: Chen Ming-shun, Wang Haiyan, Liu Sanzhen, Cheng Xiaoyan, El Bouhssini M., Whitworth R. Jeff
    Abstract:

    Citation: Chen, M. S., Liu, S. Z., Wang, H. Y., Cheng, X. Y., El Bouhssini, M., & Whitworth, R. J. (2016). Genes Expressed Differentially in Hessian Fly Larvae Feeding in Resistant and Susceptible Plants. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 17(8), 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms17081324The Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor, is a destructive pest of wheat worldwide and mainly controlled by deploying resistant cultivars. In this study, we investigated the genes that were expressed differentially between larvae in resistant plants and those in susceptible plants through RNA sequencing on the Illumina platform. Informative genes were 11,832, 14,861, 15,708, and 15,071 for the comparisons between larvae in resistant versus susceptible plants for 0.5, 1, 3, and 5 days, respectively, after larvae had reached the feeding site. The transcript abundance corresponding to 5401, 6902, 8457, and 5202 of the informative genes exhibited significant differences (p

  • Precisely mapping a major gene conferring resistance to Hessian Fly in bread wheat using genotyping-by-sequencing
    'Springer Science and Business Media LLC', 2015
    Co-Authors: Li Genqiao, Chen Ming-shun, Carver, Brett Frederick, Wang Ying, Edae Erena, Poland Jesse, Akhunov Edward, Chao Shiaoman, Bai Guihua, Yan Liuling
    Abstract:

    Background: One of the reasons hard red winter wheat cultivar 'Duster' (PI 644016) is widely grown in the southern Great Plains is that it confers a consistently high level of resistance to biotype GP of Hessian Fly (Hf). However, little is known about the genetic mechanism underlying Hf resistance in Duster. This study aimed to unravel complex structures of the Hf region on chromosome 1AS in wheat by using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) markers and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers.Results: Doubled haploid (DH) lines generated from a cross between two winter wheat cultivars, 'Duster' and 'Billings', were used to identify genes in Duster responsible for effective and consistent resistance to Hf. Segregation in reaction of the 282 DH lines to Hf biotype GP fit a one-gene model. The DH population was genotyped using 2,358 markers developed using the GBS approach. A major QTL, explaining 88% of the total phenotypic variation, was mapped to a chromosome region that spanned 178 cM and contained 205 GBS markers plus 1 SSR marker and 1 gene marker, with 0.86 cM per marker in genetic distance. The analyses of GBS marker sequences and further mapping of SSR and gene markers enabled location of the QTL-containing linkage group on the short arm of chromosome 1A. Comparative mapping of the common markers for the gene for QHf.osu-1A d in Duster and the Hf-resistance gene for QHf.osu-1A 74 in cultivar '2174' showed that the two Hf resistance genes are located on the same chromosome arm 1AS, only 11.2 cM apart in genetic distance. The gene at QHf.osu-1A d in Duster has been delimited within a 2.7 cM region.Conclusion: Two distinct resistance genes exist on the short arm of chromosome 1A as found in the two hard red winter cultivars, 2174 and Duster. Whereas the Hf resistance gene in 2174 is likely allelic to one or more of the previously mapped resistance genes (H9, H10, H11, H16, or H17) in wheat, the gene in Duster is novel and confers a more consistent phenotype than 2174 in response to biotype GP infestation in controlled-environment assays.Peer reviewedPlant and Soil Science

  • Transient heat stress compromises the resistance of wheat (Poales: Poaceae) seedlings to Hessian Fly (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) infestation
    'Entomological Society of America', 2014
    Co-Authors: Currie Yaleaka, Moch John, Underwood Joshua, Kharabsheh Hamzah, Quesenberry Amy, Miyagi Risa, Thomas Carolyn, Boney Melanie, Woods Samantha, Chen Ming-shun
    Abstract:

    Heat stress exerts a profound impact on the resistance of plants to parasites. In this research, we investigated the impact of an acute transient heat stress on the resistance of the wheat line ‘Molly,’ which contains the R gene H13, to an avirulent Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor (Say)) population. We found that a significant portion of Molly seedlings stressed at 40°C for 6 h during or after the initial Hessian Fly larval attack became susceptible to otherwise avirulent insects, whereas unstressed control plants remained 100% resistant. Specifically, 77.8,73.3,83.3, and 46.7% of plants heat stressed at 0,6,12, and 24 h, respectively, after the initial larval attack became susceptible. Biochemical analysis revealed that heat stress caused a transient decrease in 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid, but an increase in salicylic acid accumulation in Molly plants. The change in phytohormones after heat stress and Hessian Fly infestation was not observed in ‘Newton,’ a near-isogenic but Hessian Fly susceptible wheat line. Instead, heat stress caused a relatively prolonged reduction in palmitoleic acid. The role of phytohormones in heat-induced loss of wheat resistance was discussed

  • Molecular markers for species identification of Hessian Fly males caught on sticky pheromone traps
    'Entomological Society of America', 2014
    Co-Authors: Chen Ming-shun, Wheeler Shanda, Davis Holly, Whitworth R. Jeffery, Knutson Allen, Giles, Kristopher L., Royer, Tom A., Skinner Margaret
    Abstract:

    Citation: Chen, M., . . . & Skinner, M. (2014). Molecular Markers for Species Identification of Hessian Fly Males Caught on Sticky Pheromone Traps. Journal of Economic Entomology, 107(3), 1110-1117. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1603/EC13384Pheromone traps have been widely used to monitor insect population activity. However, sticky pheromone traps for the Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor), one of the most destructive pests of wheat, have been used only in recent years. Hessian Fly male adults are small and fragile, and preserving specimens during sorting of sticky pheromone traps is a challenge when intact specimens are often required to visually distinguish them from related insects such as fungus gnats. In this study, we have established a quick and reliable method based on polymerase chain reaction markers to correctly distinguish Hessian Fly males from other closely related insects. Two Hessian Fly-specific markers were established, one based on the trypsin gene MDP-10 and the other based on a gene encoding the salivary gland protein SSGP31‐5. Both markers provided >98% identification success of 110 Hessian Fly samples prepared from single insects. The method should provide a useful tool to allow for identification of Hessian Fly individuals on sticky pheromone traps or in other situations when Hessian Fly eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults are difficult to distinguish from other insects

Sue E Cambron - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effectiveness of genes for Hessian Fly diptera cecidomyiidae resistance in the southeastern united states
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Richard H Shukle, Brandon J Schemerhorn, Sue E Cambron, Hossam Eldien Abdel M Moniem, Julie Redding, David G Buntin
    Abstract:

    The Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is the most important insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) in the southeastern United States, and the deployment of genetically resistant wheat is the most effective control. However, the use of resistant wheat results in the selection of pest genotypes that can overcome formerly resistant wheat. We have evaluated the effectiveness of 16 resistance genes for protection of wheat from Hessian Fly infestation in the southeastern United States. Results documented that while 10 of the genes evaluated could provide protection of wheat, the most highly effective genes were H12, H18, H24, H25, H26, and H33. However, H12 and H18 have been reported to be only partially effective in field evaluations, and H24, H25, and H26 may be associated with undesirable effects on agronomic traits when introgressed into elite wheat lines. Thus, the most promising new gene for Hessian Fly resistance appears to be H33. These results indicate that identified highly effective resistance in wheat to the Hessian Fly is a limited resource and emphasize the need to identify novel sources of resistance. Also, we recommend that the deployment of resistance in gene pyramids and the development of novel strategies for engineered resistance be considered.

  • virulence in Hessian Fly diptera cecidomyiidae field collections from the southeastern united states to 21 resistance genes in wheat
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Richard H Shukle, Brandon J Schemerhorn, Sue E Cambron, Kathy L Flanders, David G Buntin, Randy Weisz, Jeffery D Holland
    Abstract:

    Genetic resistance in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is the most efficacious method for control of Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). However, because of the appearance of new genotypes (biotypes) in response to deployment of resistance, field collections of Hessian Fly need to be evaluated on a regular basis to provide breeders and producers information on the efficacy of resistance (R) genes with respect to the genotype composition of Hessian Fly in regional areas. We report here on the efficacy of 21 R genes in wheat to field collections of Hessian Fly from the southeastern United States. Results documented that of the 21 R genes evaluated only five would provide effective protection of wheat from Hessian Fly in the southeastern United States. These genes were H12, H18, H24, H25, and H26. Although not all of the 33 identified R genes were evaluated in the current study, these results indicate that identified genetic resistance to protect wheat from Hessian attack in the southeastern United States is a limited resource. Historically, R genes for Hessian Fly resistance in wheat have been deployed as single gene releases. Although this strategy has been successful in the past, we recommend that in the future deployment of combinations of highly effective previously undeployed genes, such as H24 and H26, be considered. Our study also highlights the need to identify new and effective sources of resistance in wheat to Hessian Fly if genetic resistance is to continue as a viable option for protection of wheat in the southeastern United States.

  • Hessian Fly Still a Concern in Wheat Growing States
    2010
    Co-Authors: I Schemerhorn, Sue E Cambron
    Abstract:

    Fly-free date. The Fly-free date is of key importance, even if you plan to use the wheat only for cattle. This Fly-free date is our main protection to avoid a subsequent infestation by the • Remember to utilize Fly free dates. • Destruction of volunteer wheat helps reduce insect reservoir to avoid spring infestations. The Hessian Fly is present in wheat growing areas throughout the US, including Indiana. The Hessian Fly can survive on alternative grass hosts, and will be waiting for the next time wheat is planted in a given area. When the opportunity presents itself for a wheat infestation, there is potential for a rapid increase of Fly populations as a result of weather conditions or cropping practices that favor survival of eggs and young larvae in the fall. Following the Fly-free date. A low fall infestation often goes unnoticed due to the tillering of the wheat plant. Much of the fall Fly population can be avoided by planting after the Test plots showing resistant and susceptible whea

  • phenotypic assessment and mapped markers for h31 a new wheat gene conferring resistance to Hessian Fly diptera cecidomyiidae
    Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 2003
    Co-Authors: C E Williams, C C Collier, N Sardesai, H W Ohm, Sue E Cambron
    Abstract:

    A new source of resistance to the highly virulent and widespread biotype L of the Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say), was identified in an accession of tetraploid durum wheat, Triticum turgidum Desf., and was introgressed into hexaploid common wheat, Triticum aestivum L. Genetic analysis and deletion mapping revealed that the common wheat line contained a single locus for resistance, H31, residing at the terminus of chromosome 5BS. H31 is the first Hessian Fly-resistance gene to be placed on 5BS, making it unique from all previously reported sources of resistance. AFLP analysis identified two markers linked to the resistance locus. These markers were converted to highly specific sequence-tagged site markers. The markers are being applied to the development of cultivars carrying multiple genes for resistance to Hessian Fly biotype L in order to test gene pyramiding as a strategy for extending the durability of deployed resistance.

  • a lectin like wheat gene responds systemically to attempted feeding by avirulent first instar Hessian Fly larvae
    Journal of Chemical Ecology, 2002
    Co-Authors: Christie E Williams, Jill A Nemacheck, Chad C Collier, Chengzhi Liang, Sue E Cambron
    Abstract:

    Through gene-for-gene interactions, wheat plants respond to specific biotypes of Hessian Fly upon the initiation of first-instar larval feeding. Leaves of plants containing the H9 resistance gene responded to avirulent biotype L larvae with rapid changes in the levels of several mRNA transcripts and initiation of an incompatible interaction. A low-copy gene, Hfr-1 (Hessian Fly-response gene 1), responded with increased mRNA levels for two days before returning to preinfestation levels by day five. Hfr-1 mRNA was constitutively expressed in uninfested control plants as well as in plants infested with virulent larvae. The cDNA sequence was similar to a maize gene encoding a β-glucosidase aggregating factor (BGAF), to jacalin-like mannose-binding lectins, and to several plant genes that respond to microbial infections. The potential roles of Hfr-1 in defending wheat against Hessian Fly damage are discussed.

Brandon J Schemerhorn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • phenotypic and molecular characterization of Hessian Fly resistance in diploid wheat aegilops tauschii
    BMC Plant Biology, 2019
    Co-Authors: Jill A Nemacheck, Subhashree Subramanyam, Brandon J Schemerhorn, Steven R Scofield
    Abstract:

    The Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor), belonging to the gall midge family (Cecidomyiidae), is a devastating pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum) causing significant yield losses. Despite identification and characterization of numerous Hessian Fly-responsive genes and associated biological pathways involved in wheat defense against this dipteran pest, their functional validation has been challenging. This is largely attributed to the large genome, polyploidy, repetitive DNA, and limited genetic resources in hexaploid wheat. The diploid progenitor Aegilops tauschii, D-genome donor of modern-day hexaploid wheat, offers an ideal surrogate eliminating the need to target all three homeologous chromosomes (A, B and D) individually, and thereby making the functional validation of candidate Hessian Fly-responsive genes plausible. Furthermore, the well-annotated sequence of Ae. tauschii genome and availability of genetic resources amenable to manipulations makes the functional assays less tedious and time-consuming. However, prior to utilization of this diploid genome for downstream studies, it is imperative to characterize its physical and molecular responses to Hessian Fly. In this study we screened five Ae. tauschii accessions for their response to the Hessian Fly biotypes L and vH13. Two lines were identified that exhibited a homozygous resistance response to feeding by both Hessian Fly biotypes. Studies using physical measurements and neutral red staining showed that the resistant Ae. tauschii accessions resembled hexaploid wheat in their phenotypic responses to Hessian Fly, that included similarities in larval developmental stages, leaf and plant growth, and cell wall permeability. Furthermore, molecular responses, characterized by gene expression profiling using quantitative real-time PCR, in select resistant Ae. tauschii lines also revealed similarities with resistant hexaploid wheat. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Ae. tauschii to Hessian Fly infestation revealed resistant accessions that shared similarities to hexaploid wheat. Resembling the resistant hexaploid wheat, the Ae. tauschii accessions mount an early defense strategy involving defense proteins including lectins, secondary metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) radicals. Our results reveal the suitability of the diploid progenitor for use as an ideal tool for functional genomics research in deciphering the wheat-Hessian Fly molecular interactions.

  • effectiveness of genes for Hessian Fly diptera cecidomyiidae resistance in the southeastern united states
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Richard H Shukle, Brandon J Schemerhorn, Sue E Cambron, Hossam Eldien Abdel M Moniem, Julie Redding, David G Buntin
    Abstract:

    The Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is the most important insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) in the southeastern United States, and the deployment of genetically resistant wheat is the most effective control. However, the use of resistant wheat results in the selection of pest genotypes that can overcome formerly resistant wheat. We have evaluated the effectiveness of 16 resistance genes for protection of wheat from Hessian Fly infestation in the southeastern United States. Results documented that while 10 of the genes evaluated could provide protection of wheat, the most highly effective genes were H12, H18, H24, H25, H26, and H33. However, H12 and H18 have been reported to be only partially effective in field evaluations, and H24, H25, and H26 may be associated with undesirable effects on agronomic traits when introgressed into elite wheat lines. Thus, the most promising new gene for Hessian Fly resistance appears to be H33. These results indicate that identified highly effective resistance in wheat to the Hessian Fly is a limited resource and emphasize the need to identify novel sources of resistance. Also, we recommend that the deployment of resistance in gene pyramids and the development of novel strategies for engineered resistance be considered.

  • virulence in Hessian Fly diptera cecidomyiidae field collections from the southeastern united states to 21 resistance genes in wheat
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Richard H Shukle, Brandon J Schemerhorn, Sue E Cambron, Kathy L Flanders, David G Buntin, Randy Weisz, Jeffery D Holland
    Abstract:

    Genetic resistance in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is the most efficacious method for control of Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). However, because of the appearance of new genotypes (biotypes) in response to deployment of resistance, field collections of Hessian Fly need to be evaluated on a regular basis to provide breeders and producers information on the efficacy of resistance (R) genes with respect to the genotype composition of Hessian Fly in regional areas. We report here on the efficacy of 21 R genes in wheat to field collections of Hessian Fly from the southeastern United States. Results documented that of the 21 R genes evaluated only five would provide effective protection of wheat from Hessian Fly in the southeastern United States. These genes were H12, H18, H24, H25, and H26. Although not all of the 33 identified R genes were evaluated in the current study, these results indicate that identified genetic resistance to protect wheat from Hessian attack in the southeastern United States is a limited resource. Historically, R genes for Hessian Fly resistance in wheat have been deployed as single gene releases. Although this strategy has been successful in the past, we recommend that in the future deployment of combinations of highly effective previously undeployed genes, such as H24 and H26, be considered. Our study also highlights the need to identify new and effective sources of resistance in wheat to Hessian Fly if genetic resistance is to continue as a viable option for protection of wheat in the southeastern United States.

  • aestivation and diapause syndromes reduce the water balance requirements for pupae of the Hessian Fly mayetiola destructor
    Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata, 2010
    Co-Authors: Brandon J Schemerhorn, Philip K Morton, Joshua B Benoit, Susan E Cambron, Kevin R Patrick
    Abstract:

    We report the water balance of aestivating (summer), diapausing (winter), and non-diapausing pupae of Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Maintaining water requirements during pupal dormancy is particularly important because water cannot be replenished actively by drinking. Dehydration tolerance (25% loss before succumbing to dehydration) and water content (63–65%) were not different for the three types of pupae. Differences were noted in the net transpiration rates (NTRs, % body water per hour at 0% r.h.) between dormant (0.24–0.28% per hour) and non-diapausing (0.47% per hour) pupae 10 days after pupariation, but not between aestivating (0.28% per hour) and diapausing (0.24% per hour) pupae. These reduced NTRs result in extended pupal survival, indicated by adult eclosion, during exposure to dehydrating conditions. Net transpiration rates for aestivating and diapausing pupae were further reduced as dormancy progressed (up to 130 days) until individuals were moved to conditions that break dormancy. Pupae could not take up water from the atmosphere below vapor saturation (100% r.h. or 1.00 av), and rely upon contact with liquid water or moist plant tissue to replenish their water stores. The critical transition temperatures (CTT) of the aestivating and diapausing pupae were significantly higher than those of non-diapausing pupae, suggesting that modified cuticular lipids are present on aestivating and diapausing pupae. Thus, aestivation and diapause trigger a dormancy specific water balance profile characterized by reduced NTRs and increased CTTs.

  • a bac based physical map of the Hessian Fly genome anchored to polytene chromosomes
    BMC Genomics, 2009
    Co-Authors: Rajat Aggarwal, Mingshun Chen, Brandon J Schemerhorn, Thiago R Benatti, Navdeep Gill, Chaoyang Zhao, John P Fellers, Jeffrey J Stuart
    Abstract:

    The Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor) is an important insect pest of wheat. It has tractable genetics, polytene chromosomes, and a small genome (158 Mb). Investigation of the Hessian Fly presents excellent opportunities to study plant-insect interactions and the molecular mechanisms underlying genome imprinting and chromosome elimination. A physical map is needed to improve the ability to perform both positional cloning and comparative genomic analyses with the fully sequenced genomes of other dipteran species. An FPC-based genome wide physical map of the Hessian Fly was constructed and anchored to the insect's polytene chromosomes. Bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones corresponding to 12-fold coverage of the Hessian Fly genome were fingerprinted, using high information content fingerprinting (HIFC) methodology, and end-sequenced. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) co-localized two BAC clones from each of the 196 longest contigs on the polytene chromosomes. An additional 70 contigs were positioned using a single FISH probe. The 266 FISH mapped contigs were evenly distributed and covered 60% of the genome (95,668 kb). The ends of the fingerprinted BACs were then sequenced to develop the capacity to create sequenced tagged site (STS) markers on the BACs in the map. Only 3.64% of the BAC-end sequence was composed of transposable elements, helicases, ribosomal repeats, simple sequence repeats, and sequences of low complexity. A relatively large fraction (14.27%) of the BES was comprised of multi-copy gene sequences. Nearly 1% of the end sequence was composed of simple sequence repeats (SSRs). This physical map provides the foundation for high-resolution genetic mapping, map-based cloning, and assembly of complete genome sequencing data. The results indicate that restriction fragment length heterogeneity in BAC libraries used to construct physical maps lower the length and the depth of the contigs, but is not an absolute barrier to the successful application of the technology. This map will serve as a genomic resource for accelerating gene discovery, genome sequencing, and the assembly of BAC sequences. The Hessian Fly BAC-clone assembly, and the names and positions of the BAC clones used in the FISH experiments are publically available at http://genome.purdue.edu/WebAGCoL/HFly/WebFPC/ .

Richard H Shukle - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • effectiveness of genes for Hessian Fly diptera cecidomyiidae resistance in the southeastern united states
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Richard H Shukle, Brandon J Schemerhorn, Sue E Cambron, Hossam Eldien Abdel M Moniem, Julie Redding, David G Buntin
    Abstract:

    The Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), is the most important insect pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. subsp. aestivum) in the southeastern United States, and the deployment of genetically resistant wheat is the most effective control. However, the use of resistant wheat results in the selection of pest genotypes that can overcome formerly resistant wheat. We have evaluated the effectiveness of 16 resistance genes for protection of wheat from Hessian Fly infestation in the southeastern United States. Results documented that while 10 of the genes evaluated could provide protection of wheat, the most highly effective genes were H12, H18, H24, H25, H26, and H33. However, H12 and H18 have been reported to be only partially effective in field evaluations, and H24, H25, and H26 may be associated with undesirable effects on agronomic traits when introgressed into elite wheat lines. Thus, the most promising new gene for Hessian Fly resistance appears to be H33. These results indicate that identified highly effective resistance in wheat to the Hessian Fly is a limited resource and emphasize the need to identify novel sources of resistance. Also, we recommend that the deployment of resistance in gene pyramids and the development of novel strategies for engineered resistance be considered.

  • avirulence gene mapping in the Hessian Fly mayetiola destructor reveals a protein phosphatase 2c effector gene family
    Journal of Insect Physiology, 2016
    Co-Authors: Chaoyang Zhao, Richard H Shukle, Mingshun Chen, Lucio Navarroescalante, Stephen Richards, Jeffrey J Stuart
    Abstract:

    The genetic tractability of the Hessian Fly (HF, Mayetiola destructor) provides an opportunity to investigate the mechanisms insects use to induce plant gall formation. Here we demonstrate that capacity using the newly sequenced HF genome by identifying the gene (vH24) that elicits effector-triggered immunity in wheat (Triticum spp.) seedlings carrying HF resistance gene H24. vH24 was mapped within a 230-kb genomic fragment near the telomere of HF chromosome X1. That fragment contains only 21 putative genes. The best candidate vH24 gene in this region encodes a protein containing a secretion signal and a type-2 serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PP2C) domain. This gene has an H24-virulence associated insertion in its promoter that appears to silence transcription of the gene in H24-virulent larvae. Candidate vH24 is a member of a small family of genes that encode secretion signals and PP2C domains. It belongs to the fraction of genes in the HF genome previously predicted to encode effector proteins. Because PP2C proteins are not normally secreted, our results suggest that these are PP2C effectors that HF larvae inject into wheat cells to redirect, or interfere, with wheat signal transduction pathways.

  • virulence in Hessian Fly diptera cecidomyiidae field collections from the southeastern united states to 21 resistance genes in wheat
    Journal of Economic Entomology, 2010
    Co-Authors: Richard H Shukle, Brandon J Schemerhorn, Sue E Cambron, Kathy L Flanders, David G Buntin, Randy Weisz, Jeffery D Holland
    Abstract:

    Genetic resistance in wheat, Triticum aestivum L., is the most efficacious method for control of Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). However, because of the appearance of new genotypes (biotypes) in response to deployment of resistance, field collections of Hessian Fly need to be evaluated on a regular basis to provide breeders and producers information on the efficacy of resistance (R) genes with respect to the genotype composition of Hessian Fly in regional areas. We report here on the efficacy of 21 R genes in wheat to field collections of Hessian Fly from the southeastern United States. Results documented that of the 21 R genes evaluated only five would provide effective protection of wheat from Hessian Fly in the southeastern United States. These genes were H12, H18, H24, H25, and H26. Although not all of the 33 identified R genes were evaluated in the current study, these results indicate that identified genetic resistance to protect wheat from Hessian attack in the southeastern United States is a limited resource. Historically, R genes for Hessian Fly resistance in wheat have been deployed as single gene releases. Although this strategy has been successful in the past, we recommend that in the future deployment of combinations of highly effective previously undeployed genes, such as H24 and H26, be considered. Our study also highlights the need to identify new and effective sources of resistance in wheat to Hessian Fly if genetic resistance is to continue as a viable option for protection of wheat in the southeastern United States.

  • tissue and developmental expression of a gene from Hessian Fly encoding an abc active transporter protein implications for malpighian tubule function during interactions with wheat
    Journal of Insect Physiology, 2008
    Co-Authors: Richard H Shukle, Mikio Yoshiyama, Philip K Morton, Alisha J Johnson, Brandon J Schemerhorn
    Abstract:

    Abstract We report on the transcriptional patterns of a putative white (w) gene encoding an ABC-active-transporter protein during development in Hessian Fly, Mayetiola destructor. The deduced amino acid sequence for the Hessian Fly white showed 74–77% similarities to white/ATP-binding-cassette proteins and 52–57% similarities to scarlet/ATP-binding-cassette proteins from other dipterans. Conserved ATP-binding motifs and transmembrane α-helix segments were identified in the Hessian Fly white protein further supporting its function as an ABC-active-transporter similar to the Drosophila white protein. Spatial analysis of transcript levels for white in larval Hessian Fly tissues by quantitative real-time PCR revealed the greatest level of transcript in the Malpighian tubules, while analysis of temporal expression during development revealed the highest transcript levels in late 2nd- and early 3rd-instar larvae. Analysis of transcript levels for white in Hessian Fly larvae feeding on susceptible and resistant wheat showed greater levels of the transcript in larvae feeding on resistant plants. We speculate the increased transcript level for white in larvae feeding on resistant wheat could be correlated with stress and increased Malpighian tubule activity associated with the metabolism and detoxification of toxic substrates generated either endogenously or encountered exogenously from the host plant.

  • antioxidant defense response in a galling insect
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007
    Co-Authors: Omprakash Mittapalli, Jonathan J Neal, Richard H Shukle
    Abstract:

    Herbivorous insect species are constantly challenged with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from endogenous and exogenous sources. ROS produced within insects because of stress and prooxidant allelochemicals produced by host plants in response to herbivory require a complex mode of antioxidant defense during insect/plant interactions. Some insect herbivores have a midgut-based defense against the suite of ROS encountered. Because the Hessian Fly (Mayetiola destructor) is the major insect pest of wheat worldwide, and an emerging model for all gall midges, we investigated its antioxidant responses during interaction with its host plant. Quantitative data for two phospholipid glutathione peroxidases (MdesPHGPX-1 and MdesPHGPX-2), two catalases (MdesCAT-1 and MdesCAT-2), and two superoxide dismutases (MdesSOD-1 and MdesSOD-2) revealed high levels of all of the mRNAs in the midgut of larvae on susceptible wheat (compatible interaction). During development of the Hessian Fly on susceptible wheat, a differential expression pattern was observed for all six genes. Analysis of larvae on resistant wheat (incompatible interaction) compared with larvae on susceptible wheat showed increased levels of mRNAs in larvae on resistant wheat for all of the antioxidant genes except MdesSOD-1 and MdesSOD-2. We postulate that the increased mRNA levels of MdesPHGPX-1, MdesPHGPX-2, MdesCAT-1, and MdesCAT-2 reflect responses to ROS encountered by larvae while feeding on resistant wheat seedlings and/or ROS generated endogenously in larvae because of stress/starvation. These results provide an opportunity to understand the cooperative antioxidant defense responses in the Hessian Fly/wheat interaction and may be applicable to other insect/plant interactions.