The Experts below are selected from a list of 264 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Bruce D Johnstone - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • worldwide trends in Higher Education Finance cost sharing student loans and the support of academic research
    2007
    Co-Authors: Bruce D Johnstone, Pamela Marcucci
    Abstract:

    The financing of Higher Education throughout the world has seen dramatic—and also intellectually, ideologically, and politically contested—changes in the last decades of the 20 and the first decade of the 21 centuries. In the main, these changes in financing are responses to a worldwide phenomenon of Higher Educational costs tending to rise at rates considerably in excess of the corresponding rates of increase of available revenues, especially those revenues that are dependent on taxation.

  • fear and loathing of tuition fees an american perspective on Higher Education Finance in the uk
    Perspectives: Policy & Practice in Higher Education, 2005
    Co-Authors: Bruce D Johnstone
    Abstract:

    This is one American’s account of what I call the British fear and loathing of tuition fees. It comes from the perspective of one who has been examining international comparative Higher Education f...

  • Higher Education Finance and accessibility tuition fees and student loans in sub saharan africa
    Journal of Higher Education in Africa, 2004
    Co-Authors: Bruce D Johnstone
    Abstract:

    “Revenue supplementation” in Higher Education refers to shifting Higher Education costs away from relying mainly (sometimes virtually exclusively) on government, or the taxpayer, and toward parents, students, philanthropists, businesses, and other sources. “Cost-sharing” refers more specifically to requiring that parents and students pay all or most of tuition, lodging, and food costs, and other fees, as well as lessening the value of grants or raising the effective interest rate on student loans. This article identifies some of the historic resistance to cost sharing as well as its rationales—the most compelling of which is the sheer need for revenue, coupled with the increasing unlikelihood that African governments can raise enough revenue by taxation to meet currently underfunded social needs and simultaneously provide substantially more to meet the rising costs of Higher Education. The article identifies some limitations to the “dual-track” tuition policies in East Africa and some reasons for the many failures African countries have experienced with student loan programs. It cautions against the prevailing fascination with income-contingent loans and makes recommendations, drawn both from theory and from the few empirical examples of “things that work.”

Gill Wyness - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Higher Education Finance in the UK
    Fiscal Studies, 2012
    Co-Authors: Lorraine Dearden, Alissa Goodman, Gill Wyness
    Abstract:

    The introduction of top-up fees for home-domiciled undergraduate tuition in England from 2006–07 – and their planned increase in 2012–13 – raises important issues for university funding in Scotland, since it abolished tuition fees for Scottish and EU students in 2000–01. This paper focuses on what the increase in resources directed at English universities arising from top-up fees means for the relative funding of English and Scottish undergraduates. Widely-used funding-per-head figures do not provide an accurate picture of home- and EU-domiciled undergraduate funding, as they include funding for research, postgraduate degrees and overseas students. The empirical work of this paper focuses on creating a consistent series of funding per full-time equivalent undergraduate over time for England and for Scotland, stripping out funding for research, non-EU students and postgraduate degrees to create a more accurate picture of the funding gap between the two countries. It also takes into account the different composition of undergraduate degree subjects taken in England and Scotland. The findings indicate that the apparent historical advantage in funding per head in Scottish institutions compared with English ones has been largely driven by compositional differences: Scotland has a high proportion of medical, science and engineering undergraduates – subjects that command greater funding due to their relative complexity to teach. The top-up fee introduced in 2006–07 brought funding per head in England to a level similar to that experienced in Scotland, and the future increase will result in funding per head in England outstripping that in Scotland by some magnitude. This suggests that the funding of Scottish students will fall significantly behind that of English students unless additional new sources of public or private funding for Scottish universities are found.

  • Fees and loathing: Higher Education Finance and university participation
    CentrePiece-The Magazine for Economic Performance, 2011
    Co-Authors: Gill Wyness
    Abstract:

    With the UK's cap on tuition fees due to rise to £9,000, Gill Wyness looks at the impact of past fee increases on young people's decisions to go to university.

  • policy changes in uk Higher Education funding 1963 2009
    2010
    Co-Authors: Gill Wyness
    Abstract:

    The subject of how to Finance Higher Education (HE) has been on the agenda of successive UK governments since the 1960s. The UK has moved from a situation where the taxpayer footed the entire bill for HE, to a system where graduates themselves must contribute part of the cost of their Education. Further changes to the HE system are expected soon, as an independent review of the HE system, chaired by Lord Browne, makes its recommendations this year. This paper documents the entire time line of major policy events affecting UK Higher Education Finance, starting from the 1960’s and going up to the present day.

  • The Impact of Higher Education Finance on University Participation in the UK
    2010
    Co-Authors: Lorraine Dearden, Emla Fitzsimons, Gill Wyness
    Abstract:

    In this paper we estimate the separate impacts of upfront fees, grants and maintenance loans on UK Higher Education participation. We use the panel data element of Labour Force Survey data on the university participation decisions of 18 year olds, covering the period 1992-2007, which saw great variation in HE Finance, most importantly the introduction of up-front tuition fees and the abolition of student maintenance grants in 1998 and major reforms of 2004 in which maintenance grants were re-instated and up-front fees were replaced with deferred fees of £3000. We create a pseudo-panel of participation by UK region over time and test a number of specifications. Our findings show that tuition fees have a significant negative effect on participation, with a £1,000 increase resulting in a decrease in participation of 3.7ppt. Upfront non-repayable support in the form of grants has a positive effect on participation with a £1,000 increase in grants resulting in a 2.2ppt increase in participation. Repayable support in the form of loans also has a positive effect on participation of a similar magnitude to grants, with a £1,000 increase resulting in a 2.1ppt increase in participation. These findings are comparable, but of a slightly lower magnitude to those reported in the related US literature.

  • The impact of Higher Education Finance in the UK
    2009
    Co-Authors: Gill Wyness
    Abstract:

    The subject of how to Finance Higher Education (HE) has been on the agenda of successive UK governments since the 1960s. The UK has moved from a situation where the taxpayer footed the entire bill for HE, to a system where students themselves must contribute part of the cost of their Education. This so-called `cost-sharing' has always been a subject of controversy, with fears that it would lower participation, particularly among poorer students. This thesis is a quantitative analysis of the UK's system of HE Finance (defined here as maintenance grants and upfront fees) and its impact on individual university participation decisions and Higher Education Institution funding levels. The thesis comprises two main strands. The first is an econometric analysis of the causal relationship between HE Finance and university participation. I use individual-level Labour Force Survey data over the period of 1992-2005, during which many major changes in HE Finance policy took place, to estimate the impact of upfront fees and maintenance grants on individual participation decisions. I use a variety of econometric techniques exploiting variation in policy by income-group, over time, and by UK constituent country arising from Scottish devolution. I find a positive impact of maintenance grants on participation, and a negative impact of up-front fees. In the second strand of the thesis, I draw on Scotland as a comparison group with the rest of the UK. I use HESA data on university funding and volumes of students, and Higher Education Funding Council of England / Scottish Funding Council funding formulae to analyze the impact of tuition fees in terms of relative funding per FTE in Scottish and English universities. I find English universities to have caught up with Scotland in terms of funding per head as a result of the increased income from fees.

Martin Wimbersky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The political economics of Higher Education Finance for mobile individuals
    FinanzArchiv, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rainald Borck, Silke Uebelmesser, Martin Wimbersky
    Abstract:

    We study voting over Higher-Education Finance in an economy with two regions and two separated labor markets. Households differ in their financial endowment and their children's ability. Nonstudents are immobile. Students decide where to study; they return home after graduation with exogenous probability. The voters of the two regions decide on whether to subsidize Higher-Education costs or to rely on tuition fees only. We find that in equilibrium, in both regions a majority votes for subsidies when the return probability is sufficiently small. When that probability is large, both regions opt for full tuition Finance.

  • political economics of Higher Education Finance
    Oxford Economic Papers, 2014
    Co-Authors: Rainald Borck, Martin Wimbersky
    Abstract:

    We study voting over Higher Education Finance in an economy with risk averse households who are heterogeneous in income. We compare four different systems and analyse voters' choices among them: a traditional subsidy scheme, a pure loan scheme, income contingent loans and graduate taxes. Using numerical simulations, we find that majorities for income contingent loans or graduate taxes become more likely as the income distribution gets more equal. We also perform sensitivity analyses with respect to risk aversion and the elasticity of substitution between high skilled and low skilled workers.

  • The Political Economics of Higher Education Finance for Mobile Individuals
    2013
    Co-Authors: Silke Übelmesser, Rainald Borck, Martin Wimbersky
    Abstract:

    We study voting over Higher Education Finance in an economy with two regions and two separated labor markets. Households dffer in their financial endowment and their children's ability. Non-students are immobile. Students decide where to study; they return home after graduation with exogenous probability. The voters of the two regions decide on whether to subsidize Higher Education costs or whether to rely on tuition fees only. We find that in equilibrium, in both regions a majority votes for subsidies when the return probability is suffi ciently small. When that probability is large, both regions opt for full tuition Finance. Interestingly, the Higher the return probability, the smaller are the equilibrium subsidy rates, but the larger are the numbers of exchange students.

Morton Owen Schapiro - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • US Higher Education Finance
    2006
    Co-Authors: Michael S. Mcpherson, Morton Owen Schapiro
    Abstract:

    We review basic facts about Higher Education Finance in the United States and analytical, empirical and policy issues in that realm. Examining trends in Higher Education Finance, we demonstrate growth in the share of revenues provided by government up to about 1980, with a steady decline thereafter. Student financial aid, a feature of growing importance, is awarded to students on the basis both of financial need and academic (and other) merit, with merit influencing not only total amounts of aid received but also the "quality" of aid packages, as indexed by the fraction of aid in the form of grants rather than loans or work. Although nearly two-thirds of American high school graduates now attend some form of post-secondary Education, both whether and where they attend are importantly influenced by family background. Among students who score well on aptitude tests in high school, 95% of those from affluent family backgrounds attend college immediately following graduation, while only about 75% of those from low SES backgrounds do. High-income students are also more likely to attend private universities and colleges than are lower-income students, who are particularly likely to attend community colleges. Much more attention has been devoted to examining the demand for Higher Education than to explaining its supply. We review a number of topics on the supply side, including the state of evidence concerning the pricing and output levels of government Financed and of nonprofit institutions as well as concerning the impact of government financial aid policies on institutional pricing and aid decisions. An important analytical and empirical challenge in studying Higher Education supply is the fact that institutional enrollment levels are regulated by selective admissions as well as by price.

  • Chapter 24 US Higher Education Finance
    Handbook of the Economics of Education, 2006
    Co-Authors: Michael S. Mcpherson, Morton Owen Schapiro
    Abstract:

    Abstract We review basic facts about Higher Education Finance in the United States and analytical, empirical and policy issues in that realm. Examining trends in Higher Education Finance, we demonstrate growth in the share of revenues provided by government up to about 1980, with a steady decline thereafter. Student financial aid, a feature of growing importance, is awarded to students on the basis both of financial need and academic (and other) merit, with merit influencing not only total amounts of aid received but also the “quality” of aid packages, as indexed by the fraction of aid in the form of grants rather than loans or work. Although nearly two-thirds of American high school graduates now attend some form of post-secondary Education, both whether and where they attend are importantly influenced by family background. Among students who score well on aptitude tests in high school, 95% of those from affluent family backgrounds attend college immediately following graduation, while only about 75% of those from low SES backgrounds do. High-income students are also more likely to attend private universities and colleges than are lower-income students, who are particularly likely to attend community colleges. Much more attention has been devoted to examining the demand for Higher Education than to explaining its supply. We review a number of topics on the supply side, including the state of evidence concerning the pricing and output levels of government Financed and of nonprofit institutions as well as concerning the impact of government financial aid policies on institutional pricing and aid decisions. An important analytical and empirical challenge in studying Higher Education supply is the fact that institutional enrollment levels are regulated by selective admissions as well as by price.

Rainald Borck - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The political economics of Higher Education Finance for mobile individuals
    FinanzArchiv, 2015
    Co-Authors: Rainald Borck, Silke Uebelmesser, Martin Wimbersky
    Abstract:

    We study voting over Higher-Education Finance in an economy with two regions and two separated labor markets. Households differ in their financial endowment and their children's ability. Nonstudents are immobile. Students decide where to study; they return home after graduation with exogenous probability. The voters of the two regions decide on whether to subsidize Higher-Education costs or to rely on tuition fees only. We find that in equilibrium, in both regions a majority votes for subsidies when the return probability is sufficiently small. When that probability is large, both regions opt for full tuition Finance.

  • political economics of Higher Education Finance
    Oxford Economic Papers, 2014
    Co-Authors: Rainald Borck, Martin Wimbersky
    Abstract:

    We study voting over Higher Education Finance in an economy with risk averse households who are heterogeneous in income. We compare four different systems and analyse voters' choices among them: a traditional subsidy scheme, a pure loan scheme, income contingent loans and graduate taxes. Using numerical simulations, we find that majorities for income contingent loans or graduate taxes become more likely as the income distribution gets more equal. We also perform sensitivity analyses with respect to risk aversion and the elasticity of substitution between high skilled and low skilled workers.

  • The Political Economics of Higher Education Finance for Mobile Individuals
    2013
    Co-Authors: Silke Übelmesser, Rainald Borck, Martin Wimbersky
    Abstract:

    We study voting over Higher Education Finance in an economy with two regions and two separated labor markets. Households dffer in their financial endowment and their children's ability. Non-students are immobile. Students decide where to study; they return home after graduation with exogenous probability. The voters of the two regions decide on whether to subsidize Higher Education costs or whether to rely on tuition fees only. We find that in equilibrium, in both regions a majority votes for subsidies when the return probability is suffi ciently small. When that probability is large, both regions opt for full tuition Finance. Interestingly, the Higher the return probability, the smaller are the equilibrium subsidy rates, but the larger are the numbers of exchange students.