The Experts below are selected from a list of 288 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Gregory A Light - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oscillatory biomarkers of early auditory information processing predict cognitive gains following targeted cognitive training in schizophrenia patients
Schizophrenia Research, 2020Co-Authors: William C Hochberger, Neal R Swerdlow, Michael L Thomas, Yash B Joshi, Juan L Molina, Emily B H Treichler, John Nungaray, Lauren Cardoso, Joyce Sprock, Gregory A LightAbstract:Abstract Auditory-based targeted cognitive training (TCT) is an effective and well-validated intervention for the treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients. Improvements in Higher-Order Cognition, reductions in symptom severity, and increases in psychosocial functioning secondary to TCT are thought to be driven by “bottom-up” enhancement of early auditory information processing (EAIP). Despite strong evidence of efficacy at the group level, there is significant variability in response to TCT, with few well-delineated biomarkers for predicting individual benefit. EEG biomarkers of EAIP are indicators of early-treatment sensitivity that predict full-course TCT outcome; however, further characterization is necessary for biomarker-guided clinical trials. The current study examined baseline and early-treatment sensitivity (i.e., change from baseline after 1 h) in theta band oscillatory activity to deviant stimuli as moderators of full course (30 h) TCT response in treatment-refractory schizophrenia patients randomly assigned to receive either treatment-as-usual (TAU; n = 22) or TAU augmented with TCT (n = 30). Theta evoked power and phase locking at baseline predicted patient improvements in global cognitive function after 30 h of TCT. Decrease in theta activity to deviant stimuli after 1 h of TCT predicted improvements in verbal learning after 30 h. Exploratory analyses using EEG composite scores had high levels of sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients most likely to benefit from TCT. The integrity of baseline neurophysiologic activity associated with EAIP, as well as the sensitivity of the underlying circuity to change, likely reflects an intermediate therapeutic process underlying the effectiveness of TCT that can be used to predict patient response to treatment.
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amphetamine enhances gains in auditory discrimination training in adult schizophrenia patients
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2016Co-Authors: Neal R Swerdlow, Melissa Tarasenko, Savita G Bhakta, Jo Talledo, Alexis Alvarez, E Hughes, Brinda K Rana, Sophia Vinogradov, Gregory A LightAbstract:Targeted cognitive training (TCT) of auditory processing enhances Higher-Order Cognition in schizophrenia patients. TCT performance gains can be detected after 1 training session. As a prelude to a potential clinical trial, we assessed a pharmacological augmentation of cognitive therapy (PACT) strategy by testing if the psychostimulant, amphetamine, augments TCT gains in auditory processing speed (APS) in schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects (HS). HS and schizophrenia patients were tested in a screening session (test 1), followed by a double-blind crossover design (tests 2-3), comparing placebo vs amphetamine (10 mg; 7 d between tests). On each test day, 1 hour of Posit Science "Sound Sweeps" training was bracketed by 2- to 4-minute pre- and post-training assessments of APS. Training consisted of a speeded auditory time-Order judgment task of successive frequency modulation sweeps. Auditory system "learning" (APS post- vs pre-training) was enhanced by amphetamine (main effect of drug: P < .002; patients: d = 0.56, P < .02; HS: d = 0.39, nonsignificant), and this learning was sustained for at least 1 week. Exploratory analyses assessed potential biomarker predictors of sensitivity to these effects of amphetamine. Amphetamine enhances auditory discrimination learning in schizophrenia patients. We do not know whether gains in APS observed in patients after 1 hour of TCT predict clinical benefits after a full course of TCT. If amphetamine can enhance the therapeutic effects of TCT, this would provide strong support for a "PACT" treatment paradigm for schizophrenia.
Keith H Nuechterlein - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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early visual processing is associated with social cognitive performance in recent onset schizophrenia
Frontiers in Psychiatry, 2020Co-Authors: Amanda Mccleery, Keith H Nuechterlein, Michael F Green, Jonathan K. Wynn, Junghee Lee, Eric A. Reavis, Joseph Ventura, Kenneth L. SubotnikAbstract:Background Early-stage visual processing deficits are evident in chronic schizophrenia. Consistent with a cascade model of information processing, whereby early perceptual processes have downstream effects on Higher-Order Cognition, impaired visual processing is associated with deficits in social Cognition in this clinical population. However, the nature of this relationship in the early phase of illness is unknown. Here, we present data from a study of early visual processing and social cognitive performance in recent-onset schizophrenia (ROSz). Method Thirty-two people with ROSz and 20 healthy controls (HC) completed a visual backward masking task using stimuli of real world objects (Object Masking) to assess early-stage (i.e., 0-125 ms post-stimulus onset) visual processing. Subjects also completed two tasks of social Cognition, one assessing relatively low-level processes of emotion identification (Emotion Biological Motion, EmoBio), and another assessing more complex, Higher-Order theory of mind abilities (The Awareness of Social Inference Test, TASIT). Group differences were tested with repeated measures ANOVAs and t-tests. Bivariate correlations and linear regressions tested the strength of associations between early-stage visual processing and social cognitive performance in ROSz. Results For Object Masking, the mask interfered with object identification over a longer interval for ROSz than for HC [F (3.19, 159.35) = 8.51, p < 0.001]. ROSz were less accurate on the EmoBio task [t (50) = -3.36, p = 0.001] and on the TASIT compared to HC [F (1, 50) = 38.37, p < 0.001]. For the TASIT ROSz were disproportionately impaired on items assessing sarcasm detection [F (1, 50) = 4.30, p = 0.04]. In ROSz, better Object Masking performance was associated with better social cognitive performance [rEmoBio = 0.45, p < 0.01; rTASIT = 0.41, p < 0.02]. Regression analyses did not provide significant support for low-level social Cognition mediating the relationship between visual processing and high-level social Cognition. Conclusion Early-stage visual processing, low-level social Cognition, and high-level social Cognition were all significantly impaired in ROSz. Early-stage visual processing was associated with performance on the social cognitive tasks in ROSz, consistent with a cascade model of information processing. However, significant cascading effects within social Cognition were not supported. These data suggest that interventions directed at early visual processing may yield downstream effects on social cognitive processes.
Evan Kidd - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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measuring children s auditory statistical learning via serial recall
Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 2020Co-Authors: Evan Kidd, Joanne Arciuli, Morten H Christiansen, Erin S Isbilen, Katherine Revius, Michael SmithsonAbstract:Abstract Statistical learning (SL) has been a prominent focus of research in developmental and adult populations, guided by the assumption that it is a fundamental component of learning underlying Higher-Order Cognition. In developmental populations, however, there have been recent concerns regarding the degree to which many current tasks reliably measure SL, particularly in younger children. In the current article, we present the results of two studies that measured auditory statistical learning (ASL) of linguistic stimuli in children aged 5–8 years. Children listened to 6 min of continuous syllables comprising four trisyllabic pseudowords. Following the familiarization phase, children completed (a) a two-alternative forced-choice task and (b) a serial recall task in which they repeated either target sequences embedded during familiarization or foils, manipulated for sequence length. Results showed that, although both measures consistently revealed learning at the group level, the recall task better captured learning across the full range of abilities and was more reliable at the individual level. We conclude that, as has also been demonstrated in adults, the method holds promise for future studies of individual differences in ASL of linguistic stimuli.
Timothy A Salthouse - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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relation of task switching to speed age and fluid intelligence
Psychology and Aging, 1998Co-Authors: Timothy A Salthouse, Nathanael M Fristoe, Katheryn E Mcguthry, David Z. HambrickAbstract:Two studies were conducted to investigate whether a meaningful task-switching construct could be identified and, if so, to determine how it was related to measures of Higher Order Cognition and to adult age. Both studies revealed that measures of task switching were moderately correlated across different combinations of tasks and that a switching construct could be distinguished from a construct reflecting processing speed. The results of the 2nd study revealed that although the task-switching construct was related to age and to measures of episodic memory, inductive reasoning, and spatial visualization, most of the relations between the switching construct and both age and other measures of Cognition were shared with other variables.
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processing speed as a mental capacity
Acta Psychologica, 1994Co-Authors: Robert Kail, Timothy A SalthouseAbstract:Abstract Throughout the lifespan, there are pronounced age differences in speed of processing, differences that are consistently related to performance on measures of Higher-Order Cognition. In this article, we examine domain-specific and global explanations of these age differences in processing speed; we conclude that although experience can play a role in age differences in speed, there is also evidence that a general mechanism limits speeded performance. We also review research that shows the influence of processing speed on the quality of performance on nonspeeded tasks such as reasoning and memory. We suggest that speed of processing should be viewed as a fundamental part of the architechture of the cognitive system as it develops across the entire lifespan.
Neal R Swerdlow - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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oscillatory biomarkers of early auditory information processing predict cognitive gains following targeted cognitive training in schizophrenia patients
Schizophrenia Research, 2020Co-Authors: William C Hochberger, Neal R Swerdlow, Michael L Thomas, Yash B Joshi, Juan L Molina, Emily B H Treichler, John Nungaray, Lauren Cardoso, Joyce Sprock, Gregory A LightAbstract:Abstract Auditory-based targeted cognitive training (TCT) is an effective and well-validated intervention for the treatment of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia patients. Improvements in Higher-Order Cognition, reductions in symptom severity, and increases in psychosocial functioning secondary to TCT are thought to be driven by “bottom-up” enhancement of early auditory information processing (EAIP). Despite strong evidence of efficacy at the group level, there is significant variability in response to TCT, with few well-delineated biomarkers for predicting individual benefit. EEG biomarkers of EAIP are indicators of early-treatment sensitivity that predict full-course TCT outcome; however, further characterization is necessary for biomarker-guided clinical trials. The current study examined baseline and early-treatment sensitivity (i.e., change from baseline after 1 h) in theta band oscillatory activity to deviant stimuli as moderators of full course (30 h) TCT response in treatment-refractory schizophrenia patients randomly assigned to receive either treatment-as-usual (TAU; n = 22) or TAU augmented with TCT (n = 30). Theta evoked power and phase locking at baseline predicted patient improvements in global cognitive function after 30 h of TCT. Decrease in theta activity to deviant stimuli after 1 h of TCT predicted improvements in verbal learning after 30 h. Exploratory analyses using EEG composite scores had high levels of sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients most likely to benefit from TCT. The integrity of baseline neurophysiologic activity associated with EAIP, as well as the sensitivity of the underlying circuity to change, likely reflects an intermediate therapeutic process underlying the effectiveness of TCT that can be used to predict patient response to treatment.
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amphetamine enhances gains in auditory discrimination training in adult schizophrenia patients
Schizophrenia Bulletin, 2016Co-Authors: Neal R Swerdlow, Melissa Tarasenko, Savita G Bhakta, Jo Talledo, Alexis Alvarez, E Hughes, Brinda K Rana, Sophia Vinogradov, Gregory A LightAbstract:Targeted cognitive training (TCT) of auditory processing enhances Higher-Order Cognition in schizophrenia patients. TCT performance gains can be detected after 1 training session. As a prelude to a potential clinical trial, we assessed a pharmacological augmentation of cognitive therapy (PACT) strategy by testing if the psychostimulant, amphetamine, augments TCT gains in auditory processing speed (APS) in schizophrenia patients and healthy subjects (HS). HS and schizophrenia patients were tested in a screening session (test 1), followed by a double-blind crossover design (tests 2-3), comparing placebo vs amphetamine (10 mg; 7 d between tests). On each test day, 1 hour of Posit Science "Sound Sweeps" training was bracketed by 2- to 4-minute pre- and post-training assessments of APS. Training consisted of a speeded auditory time-Order judgment task of successive frequency modulation sweeps. Auditory system "learning" (APS post- vs pre-training) was enhanced by amphetamine (main effect of drug: P < .002; patients: d = 0.56, P < .02; HS: d = 0.39, nonsignificant), and this learning was sustained for at least 1 week. Exploratory analyses assessed potential biomarker predictors of sensitivity to these effects of amphetamine. Amphetamine enhances auditory discrimination learning in schizophrenia patients. We do not know whether gains in APS observed in patients after 1 hour of TCT predict clinical benefits after a full course of TCT. If amphetamine can enhance the therapeutic effects of TCT, this would provide strong support for a "PACT" treatment paradigm for schizophrenia.