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Lynne A Schepartz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Infectious disease in the ancient Aegean: Intestinal parasitic worms in the Neolithic to Roman Period inhabitants of Kea, Greece
    'Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development (OECD)', 2018
    Co-Authors: Anastasiou E, Lynne A Schepartz, Papathanasiou A, Mitchell Piers
    Abstract:

    Little is known about infectious disease and parasites in the prehistoric inhabitants of the islands of the Aegean, in contrast to later time periods. It is only with the development of Greek medical texts in the 5th and 4th centuries BC we start to find evidence for the diseases that affected the population of region. Foremost amongst these authors was the medical practitioner Hippocrates, who lived on the island of Kos. The descriptions of the many diseases he and his students encountered were recorded in their medical texts in the 4th and 3rd centuries BC, known as the Hippocratic Corpus. These important texts provided the core philosophy underpinning medical theories in Europe and the Arab world for the following 2,000 years. Past research to determine which species of intestinal parasitic worms were described in the Hippocratic Corpus has suggested they indicate roundworm, pinworm and Taenia tapeworm. However, until now, there has been no archaeological evidence for which species of helminths were present in ancient Greece. In this study, we analysed soil sediment adherent to the sacrum and iliac bones of the pelvis of 25 burials dating from the Neolithic to Byzantine period on the Greek island of Kea, not far from Kos. Four individuals (16%) were positive for the eggs of intestinal helminths, dating from the Neolithic (4th millennium BC), Late Bronze Age, and the Roman Period. The species identified were whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides). We consider reasons as to why fewer species of parasite appear to have been present on Kea than was the case for northern Europe at the same time period. This study of ancient parasites shows how we can combine archaeology with history of medicine to better understand the discoveries of key early scientists and medical practitioners

  • infectious disease in the ancient aegean intestinal parasitic worms in the neolithic to roman period inhabitants of kea greece
    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2017
    Co-Authors: Evilena Anastasiou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lynne A Schepartz, Piers D Mitchell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Little is known about infectious disease and parasites in the prehistoric inhabitants of the islands of the Aegean, in contrast to later time periods. It is only with the development of Greek medical texts in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE we start to find evidence for the diseases that affected the population of region. Foremost amongst these authors was the medical practitioner Hippocrates, who lived on the island of Kos. The descriptions of the many diseases he and his students encountered were recorded in their medical texts in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, known as the Hippocratic Corpus. These important texts provided the core philosophy underpinning medical theories in Europe and the Arab world for the following 2,000 years. Past research to determine which species of intestinal parasitic worms were described in the Hippocratic Corpus has suggested they indicate roundworm, pinworm and Taenia tapeworm. However, until now, there has been no archaeological evidence for which species of helminths were present in ancient Greece. In this study, we analysed soil sediment adherent to the sacrum and iliac bones of the pelvis of 25 burials dating from the Neolithic to Byzantine period on the Greek island of Kea, not far from Kos. Four individuals (16%) were positive for the eggs of intestinal helminths, dating from the Neolithic (4th millennium BCE), Late Bronze Age, and the Roman Period. The species identified were whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides). We consider reasons as to why fewer species of parasite appear to have been present on Kea than was the case for northern Europe at the same time period. This study of ancient parasites shows how we can combine archaeology with history of medicine to better understand the discoveries of key early scientists and medical practitioners.

Piers D Mitchell - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • infectious disease in the ancient aegean intestinal parasitic worms in the neolithic to roman period inhabitants of kea greece
    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2017
    Co-Authors: Evilena Anastasiou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lynne A Schepartz, Piers D Mitchell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Little is known about infectious disease and parasites in the prehistoric inhabitants of the islands of the Aegean, in contrast to later time periods. It is only with the development of Greek medical texts in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE we start to find evidence for the diseases that affected the population of region. Foremost amongst these authors was the medical practitioner Hippocrates, who lived on the island of Kos. The descriptions of the many diseases he and his students encountered were recorded in their medical texts in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, known as the Hippocratic Corpus. These important texts provided the core philosophy underpinning medical theories in Europe and the Arab world for the following 2,000 years. Past research to determine which species of intestinal parasitic worms were described in the Hippocratic Corpus has suggested they indicate roundworm, pinworm and Taenia tapeworm. However, until now, there has been no archaeological evidence for which species of helminths were present in ancient Greece. In this study, we analysed soil sediment adherent to the sacrum and iliac bones of the pelvis of 25 burials dating from the Neolithic to Byzantine period on the Greek island of Kea, not far from Kos. Four individuals (16%) were positive for the eggs of intestinal helminths, dating from the Neolithic (4th millennium BCE), Late Bronze Age, and the Roman Period. The species identified were whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides). We consider reasons as to why fewer species of parasite appear to have been present on Kea than was the case for northern Europe at the same time period. This study of ancient parasites shows how we can combine archaeology with history of medicine to better understand the discoveries of key early scientists and medical practitioners.

Evilena Anastasiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • infectious disease in the ancient aegean intestinal parasitic worms in the neolithic to roman period inhabitants of kea greece
    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2017
    Co-Authors: Evilena Anastasiou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lynne A Schepartz, Piers D Mitchell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Little is known about infectious disease and parasites in the prehistoric inhabitants of the islands of the Aegean, in contrast to later time periods. It is only with the development of Greek medical texts in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE we start to find evidence for the diseases that affected the population of region. Foremost amongst these authors was the medical practitioner Hippocrates, who lived on the island of Kos. The descriptions of the many diseases he and his students encountered were recorded in their medical texts in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, known as the Hippocratic Corpus. These important texts provided the core philosophy underpinning medical theories in Europe and the Arab world for the following 2,000 years. Past research to determine which species of intestinal parasitic worms were described in the Hippocratic Corpus has suggested they indicate roundworm, pinworm and Taenia tapeworm. However, until now, there has been no archaeological evidence for which species of helminths were present in ancient Greece. In this study, we analysed soil sediment adherent to the sacrum and iliac bones of the pelvis of 25 burials dating from the Neolithic to Byzantine period on the Greek island of Kea, not far from Kos. Four individuals (16%) were positive for the eggs of intestinal helminths, dating from the Neolithic (4th millennium BCE), Late Bronze Age, and the Roman Period. The species identified were whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides). We consider reasons as to why fewer species of parasite appear to have been present on Kea than was the case for northern Europe at the same time period. This study of ancient parasites shows how we can combine archaeology with history of medicine to better understand the discoveries of key early scientists and medical practitioners.

Anastasia Papathanasiou - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • infectious disease in the ancient aegean intestinal parasitic worms in the neolithic to roman period inhabitants of kea greece
    Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 2017
    Co-Authors: Evilena Anastasiou, Anastasia Papathanasiou, Lynne A Schepartz, Piers D Mitchell
    Abstract:

    Abstract Little is known about infectious disease and parasites in the prehistoric inhabitants of the islands of the Aegean, in contrast to later time periods. It is only with the development of Greek medical texts in the 5th and 4th centuries BCE we start to find evidence for the diseases that affected the population of region. Foremost amongst these authors was the medical practitioner Hippocrates, who lived on the island of Kos. The descriptions of the many diseases he and his students encountered were recorded in their medical texts in the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, known as the Hippocratic Corpus. These important texts provided the core philosophy underpinning medical theories in Europe and the Arab world for the following 2,000 years. Past research to determine which species of intestinal parasitic worms were described in the Hippocratic Corpus has suggested they indicate roundworm, pinworm and Taenia tapeworm. However, until now, there has been no archaeological evidence for which species of helminths were present in ancient Greece. In this study, we analysed soil sediment adherent to the sacrum and iliac bones of the pelvis of 25 burials dating from the Neolithic to Byzantine period on the Greek island of Kea, not far from Kos. Four individuals (16%) were positive for the eggs of intestinal helminths, dating from the Neolithic (4th millennium BCE), Late Bronze Age, and the Roman Period. The species identified were whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) and roundworm (Ascaris lumbricoides). We consider reasons as to why fewer species of parasite appear to have been present on Kea than was the case for northern Europe at the same time period. This study of ancient parasites shows how we can combine archaeology with history of medicine to better understand the discoveries of key early scientists and medical practitioners.

Helen Christopoulou-aletra - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • The manifestation of "gangrene" in the Hippocratic Corpus.
    Annals of Vascular Surgery, 2009
    Co-Authors: Helen Christopoulou-aletra, Niki Papavramidou
    Abstract:

    We trace the early historical references concerning "gangrene," specifically in the treatises of the Hippocratic Corpus. The term "gangrene" today refers to the necrosis, or death, of tissues resulting from prolonged ischemia, bacterial invasion, and subsequent putrefaction. Apart from the name "gangrene," another term, "sphacelus," exists in the Corpus, referring to similar decay. An effort is made to correlate cases of "gangrene" and "sphacelus" described in the Hippocratic texts and related bibliography. In this study we retained only references to "sphacelus" that have the same end points as "gangrene." References to necrosis of the skull, the brain, the teeth, the jaw, the extremities, the ribs, and some resulting from "ulcers" were isolated. Their clinical manifestations, prognosis, and treatment are presented, together with general comments on the disease's etiology.

  • Jaundice in the Hippocratic Corpus
    Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 2007
    Co-Authors: Niki Papavramidou, Elizabeth Fee, Helen Christopoulou-aletra
    Abstract:

    The Hippocratic physicians were among the first who described jaundice (icterus). The Hippocratic Corpus has numerous appearances of the condition, where its etiology, description, prognosis, and treatment are provided. The connection made between the liver and jaundice was remarkable, bearing in mind that the Hippocratic physicians had not performed dissections and that their medical views were based on observation. The Hippocratic doctors described five kinds of jaundice. The etiology was, as in most cases of diseases mentioned in the Hippocratic Corpus , “humoral” imbalance. The diagnosis and prognosis were based on the color of the skin, the urine, the feces, and several other factors, such as the season of the year during which the disease first appeared or the coexisting diseases. The treatment, finally, consisted of herbal medications, baths, diet, and blood-letting, depending on the type of jaundice in question. Finally, an attempt is made to correlate modern diseases with the Hippocratic types of jaundice.

  • Hippocratic views with reference to the anatomical characteristics of "arteries" and "veins".
    International angiology : a journal of the International Union of Angiology, 2000
    Co-Authors: Helen Christopoulou-aletra, P. Gigis, G. Paraskevas
    Abstract:

    The anatomical knowledge, in the collection of books named after Hippocrates' the Hippocratic Corpus, is usually vague and limited. This is mainly due to the respect for the dead held by the ancients. Though the Hippocratic books, for the first time, supported the rationality of the aetiology of diseases, and prognosis and treatment were based on observation, the absence of dissection restricted the means of obtaining knowledge of the interior of the body until almost the time of the Renaissance. However in some cases, surprisingly enough, this ignorance is absent. In this essay we will attempt to elucidate some of the Hippocratic views-either erroneous or up to date - on the anatomy of the vascular system, mainly the arteries and veins.