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William H James - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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are oral clefts a consequence of maternal Hormone Imbalance evidence from the sex ratios of sibs of probands
Teratology, 2000Co-Authors: William H JamesAbstract:Background: The causes of oral clefts (cleft lip with or without cleft palate, CL/P, and cleft palate alone, CP) have not been established. However, maternal intrauterine Hormone profiles have been suspected of being involved. There is now substantial evidence that maternal Hormone concentrations around the time of conception partially control the sexes of offspring. It is possible that the Hormone profiles that control sex of offspring share features of the profiles suspected of causing clefts. This can be tested by examining the sex ratios (proportions male) of the unaffected sibs of probands. If these sex ratios are skewed in the same direction as that of probands, that suggests, ex hypothesi, maternal hormonal involvement in the causation of clefts. Methods: Accordingly, a search was made for data on the sex ratios of the unaffected sibs of probands with clefts. For reasons given in the text, this search was informal rather than based on electronic data retrieval systems. Nine papers were located giving sex ratios of sibs of probands with CL/P and CP. Results: Published data suggest that the sibs of probands with CL/P have a significantly higher sex ratio than the sibs of probands with CP. Thus the sib sex ratios are skewed in the same direction as those of the probands themselves. In other words, parents (mothers) of CL/P patients apparently have a tendency to produce boys, and parents of CP patients to produce girls. Conclusion: Accordingly, it is suggested that maternal Hormone profiles may partially explain the unusual sex ratios (of probands and their sibs), as well as the malformations.
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is transposition of the great arteries a consequence of maternal Hormone Imbalance evidence from the sex ratios of relatives of probands
Journal of Theoretical Biology, 1999Co-Authors: William H JamesAbstract:Transposition of the great arteries occurs more often to males than females: moreover there is reportedly an excess of males among the unaffected relatives of probands. This is construed as evidence that maternal intrauterine Hormone levels play a role in the aetiology of this malformation.
Jie Zhang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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rapamycin induced autophagy attenuates Hormone Imbalance induced chronic non bacterial prostatitis in rats via the inhibition of nlrp3 inflammasome mediated inflammation
Molecular Medicine Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Xianguo Chen, Pengcheng Luo, Yuan Chen, Fangyou Lin, Jie ZhangAbstract:Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNBP) is a common urinary disease and no standard treatments are available at present. Although autophagy serves an important role in a variety of chronic diseases, its role in CNBP is yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of rapamycin-induced autophagy on CNBP by establishing a rat model. In the present study, a total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 per group): i) Control, in which rats underwent a sham operation; ii) the model (CNBP), in which rats were castrated and administered 17β-estradiol (0.25 mg/kg via subcutaneous injection) for 30 consecutive days; and iii) rapamycin treatment, in which rats were employed in accordance with the CNBP model, but also received a daily intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin (1 mg/kg) from the 16th day post-surgery for 15 days. Alterations in histology and the levels of autophagy-associated markers, and components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, were measured in the prostate tissues of the rats. The levels of molecules located further downstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, were also measured. The results demonstrated that, compared with the control group, increased infiltration levels of inflammatory cells and glandular epithelial degeneration were observed in the prostate tissues of rats with CNBP. Furthermore, a significant increase in the concentration of IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum, as well as the increased expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in prostate tissues were also observed. In addition, reductions in the number of autophagosomes and the expression levels of autophagy-associated, including microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (LC3B) and Beclin 1, were also detected in the CNBP group; however, treatment with rapamycin reversed these effects. Collectively, the findings of the present study indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory response was activated by a hormonal Imbalance in the prostate glands of rats; however, these effects may be suppressed via rapamycin-induced autophagy.
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Rapamycin‑induced autophagy attenuates Hormone‑Imbalance‑induced chronic non‑bacterial prostatitis in rats via the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome‑mediated inflammation
Molecular Medicine Reports, 2018Co-Authors: Xianguo Chen, Pengcheng Luo, Yuan Chen, Fangyou Lin, Jie ZhangAbstract:Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis (CNBP) is a common urinary disease and no standard treatments are available at present. Although autophagy serves an important role in a variety of chronic diseases, its role in CNBP is yet to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of rapamycin-induced autophagy on CNBP by establishing a rat model. In the present study, a total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups (n=10 per group): i) Control, in which rats underwent a sham operation; ii) the model (CNBP), in which rats were castrated and administered 17β-estradiol (0.25 mg/kg via subcutaneous injection) for 30 consecutive days; and iii) rapamycin treatment, in which rats were employed in accordance with the CNBP model, but also received a daily intraperitoneal injection of rapamycin (1 mg/kg) from the 16th day post-surgery for 15 days. Alterations in histology and the levels of autophagy-associated markers, and components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, were measured in the prostate tissues of the rats. The levels of molecules located further downstream of the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, including interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, were also measured. The results demonstrated that, compared with the control group, increased infiltration levels of inflammatory cells and glandular epithelial degeneration were observed in the prostate tissues of rats with CNBP. Furthermore, a significant increase in the concentration of IL-1β and IL-18 in the serum, as well as the increased expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and caspase-1 in prostate tissues were also observed. In addition, reductions in the number of autophagosomes and the expression levels of autophagy-associated, including microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3β (LC3B) and Beclin 1, were also detected in the CNBP group; however, treatment with rapamycin reversed these effects. Collectively, the findings of the present study indicated that the NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory response was activated by a hormonal Imbalance in the prostate glands of rats; however, these effects may be suppressed via rapamycin-induced autophagy.
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Rapamycin Alleviates Hormone Imbalance-Induced Chronic Nonbacterial Inflammation in Rat Prostate Through Activating Autophagy via the mTOR/ULK1/ATG13 Signaling Pathway.
Inflammation, 2018Co-Authors: Xianguo Chen, Chaozhao Liang, Pengcheng Luo, Cong Qin, Jie ZhangAbstract:Chronic prostatitis (CP) is a clinically common disease with high morbidity. It affects the patients' quality of life (QoL) as well as physical and mental health seriously due to the recurring symptoms of lower urinary tract and genitalia. As the opinions about the etiology of CP are still not uniform, it is very difficult to be treated or even cured. Autophagy is a highly conserved physiological function which is widely found in eukaryotic cells. In general, cells maintain a certain level of autophagy under physiological conditions, and the basal level of autophagy can be regulated by a variety of autophagy-related genes under stress such as hunger, infection, trauma, and other circumstances. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of autophagy in chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP, also called CP). In this paper, we established the CNP model via hypodermic injection of 17β-estradiol and subsequently abdominal rapamycin (a common autophagy inducer) treatment based on castrated rats. Then, the expression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and autophagy-related markers as well as autophagosome formation in prostate tissues, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and serum of rats were evaluated respectively. In addition to some histological changes in the prostate tissues, we found the levels of NF-κB and IL-1β were significantly increased in the model group, along with significantly suppressed autophagy, whereas rapamycin could reverse these effects which involved in the mTOR/ULK1/ATG13 signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results suggested that rapamycin could ameliorate Hormone Imbalance-induced CNP by activating autophagy.
John E. Lunn - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Mal de Río Cuarto virus infection causes Hormone Imbalance and sugar accumulation in wheat leaves.
BMC Plant Biology, 2019Co-Authors: Luis Alejandro De Haro, Sofía Maité Arellano, Ondrej Novak, Regina Feil, A. D. Dumón, M. F. Mattio, Danuše Tarkowská, Gabriela Llauger, Miroslav Strnad, John E. LunnAbstract:Mal de Rio Cuarto virus (MRCV) infects several monocotyledonous species including maize and wheat. Infected plants show shortened internodes, partial sterility, increased tillering and reduced root length. To better understand the molecular basis of the plant-virus interactions leading to these symptoms, we combined RNA sequencing with metabolite and Hormone measurements. More than 3000 differentially accumulated transcripts (DATs) were detected in MRCV-infected wheat plants at 21 days post inoculation compared to mock-inoculated plants. Infected plants exhibited decreased levels of TaSWEET13 transcripts, which are involved in sucrose phloem loading. Soluble sugars, starch, trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), and organic and amino acids were all higher in MRCV-infected plants. In addition, several transcripts related to plant Hormone metabolism, transport and signalling were increased upon MRCV infection. Transcripts coding for GA20ox, D14, MAX2 and SMAX1-like proteins involved in gibberellin biosynthesis and strigolactone signalling, were reduced. Transcripts involved in jasmonic acid, ethylene and brassinosteroid biosynthesis, perception and signalling and in auxin transport were also altered. Hormone measurements showed that jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid were significantly higher in infected leaves. Our results indicate that MRCV causes a profound hormonal Imbalance that, together with alterations in sugar partitioning, could account for the symptoms observed in MRCV-infected plants.
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Mal de Río Cuarto virus infection causes Hormone Imbalance and sugar accumulation in wheat leaves
BMC, 2019Co-Authors: Luis Alejandro De Haro, Sofía Maité Arellano, Ondrej Novak, Regina Feil, A. D. Dumón, M. F. Mattio, Danuše Tarkowská, Gabriela Llauger, Miroslav Strnad, John E. LunnAbstract:Abstract Background Mal de Río Cuarto virus (MRCV) infects several monocotyledonous species including maize and wheat. Infected plants show shortened internodes, partial sterility, increased tillering and reduced root length. To better understand the molecular basis of the plant-virus interactions leading to these symptoms, we combined RNA sequencing with metabolite and Hormone measurements. Results More than 3000 differentially accumulated transcripts (DATs) were detected in MRCV-infected wheat plants at 21 days post inoculation compared to mock-inoculated plants. Infected plants exhibited decreased levels of TaSWEET13 transcripts, which are involved in sucrose phloem loading. Soluble sugars, starch, trehalose 6-phosphate (Tre6P), and organic and amino acids were all higher in MRCV-infected plants. In addition, several transcripts related to plant Hormone metabolism, transport and signalling were increased upon MRCV infection. Transcripts coding for GA20ox, D14, MAX2 and SMAX1-like proteins involved in gibberellin biosynthesis and strigolactone signalling, were reduced. Transcripts involved in jasmonic acid, ethylene and brassinosteroid biosynthesis, perception and signalling and in auxin transport were also altered. Hormone measurements showed that jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid were significantly higher in infected leaves. Conclusions Our results indicate that MRCV causes a profound hormonal Imbalance that, together with alterations in sugar partitioning, could account for the symptoms observed in MRCV-infected plants
R Naccarato - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic cirrhosis is sex Hormone Imbalance a pathogenetic factor
European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 1995Co-Authors: Fabio Farinati, N De Maria, C Marafin, S Fagiuoli, G Della Libera, R NaccaratoAbstract:Objective : A sex Hormone Imbalance has been reported in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the serum levels of eight sex Hormones in patients with alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related cirrhosis and HCC. Methods : Luteinizing Hormone, follicle-stimulating Hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and sex Hormone binding globulin were assayed in 81 patients with cirrhosis (59 men, 22 women) and 97 with HCC and cirrhosis (82 men, 15 women). Hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection was present in 58% of patients with cirrhosis and 69% of patients with HCC. Alcohol abuse was the aetiopathogenetic factor in the remaining patients. Results : In men, mean testosterone levels were at the lower limit of the normal range for both patients with HCC and for controls with cirrhosis. Mean estradiol levels were increased both in patients with HCC and in those with cirrhosis, but patients with alcohol-related HCC had higher estradiol levels (P=0.0002). An index of sex Hormone Imbalance, the estradiol to testosterone ratio (ETR), was calculated. The ETR was significantly higher in patients with alcohol-related HCC (P=0.0002). Multiple regression analysis showed that the ETR correlated best with patients' diagnosis (P<0.05). In women, the ETR was significantly lower in patients with HCC than in controls with cirrhosis. Conclusions : Men with alcohol-related HCC are characterized by an oestrogen and androgen Imbalance and have a higher ETR than patients with other types of liver damage. Since sex Hormones modulate hepatocellular proliferation, our data suggest that a sex Hormone Imbalance plays a role in hepatocarcinogenesis in patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma in alcoholic cirrhosis: is sex Hormone Imbalance a pathogenetic factor?
European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology, 1995Co-Authors: Fabio Farinati, N De Maria, C Marafin, S Fagiuoli, G Della Libera, R NaccaratoAbstract:Objective : A sex Hormone Imbalance has been reported in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We investigated the serum levels of eight sex Hormones in patients with alcohol-related and non-alcohol-related cirrhosis and HCC. Methods : Luteinizing Hormone, follicle-stimulating Hormone, estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone and sex Hormone binding globulin were assayed in 81 patients with cirrhosis (59 men, 22 women) and 97 with HCC and cirrhosis (82 men, 15 women). Hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection was present in 58% of patients with cirrhosis and 69% of patients with HCC. Alcohol abuse was the aetiopathogenetic factor in the remaining patients. Results : In men, mean testosterone levels were at the lower limit of the normal range for both patients with HCC and for controls with cirrhosis. Mean estradiol levels were increased both in patients with HCC and in those with cirrhosis, but patients with alcohol-related HCC had higher estradiol levels (P=0.0002). An index of sex Hormone Imbalance, the estradiol to testosterone ratio (ETR), was calculated. The ETR was significantly higher in patients with alcohol-related HCC (P=0.0002). Multiple regression analysis showed that the ETR correlated best with patients' diagnosis (P
Aian Chang - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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bisphenol a disrupts steroidogenesis and induces a sex Hormone Imbalance through c jun phosphorylation in leydig cells
Chemosphere, 2017Co-Authors: Hsinchieh Lan, Iwen Lin, Zhijie Yang, Aian ChangAbstract:Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) that is used to manufacture plastic consumer products. It is well known that exposure to BPA can induce defects in gonad development and negatively influences reproductive function in both males and females. In this study, we assessed the effects of BPA on Hormone production in Leydig cells, which secrete Hormones in the testes and support male fertility. We examined two steroidogenic enzymes, CYP11A1 and CYP19 that involved in sex Hormone synthesis in mouse MA-10 Leydig cells. We found that BPA activated CYP gene in both mRNA and protein levels then resulted in alteration of the normal sex Hormone ratio. Furthermore, we found that BPA induced c-Jun phosphorylation and contributed to CYP gene expression. Similar results were observed in an animal study. In conclusion, BPA disrupts the Hormone environment in testis via steroidogenic gene activation through the JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway.