The Experts below are selected from a list of 53433 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform
Lori Cruze - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of the Chorioallantoic Placenta: Steroid Biosynthesis and Steroid Hormone Signaling in the Chorioallantoic Membrane of an
2016Co-Authors: Oviparous Reptile, Lori Cruze, Satomi Kohno, Michael W. MccoyAbstract:Amniotes, mammals, reptiles, and birds form common extraembryonic membranes during development to perform essential functions, such as protection, nutrient transfer, gas exchange, and waste removal. Together with the maternal uterus, extraembryonic membranes of viviparous (live-bearing) amniotes develop as an endocrine placenta that synthesizes and responds to steroid Hormones critical for development. The ability of these membranes to synthesize and respond to steroid Hormone Signaling has traditionally been considered an innova-tion of placental amniotes. However, our laboratory recently demonstrated that this ability extends to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of an oviparous (egg-laying) amniote, the domestic chicken, and we hypothesized that steroidogenic extraembryonic membranes could be an evolutionarily con
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Short Title: Steroids and the Alligator CAM
2016Co-Authors: Oviparous Reptile, Lori Cruze, Satomi Kohno, Michael W. MccoyAbstract:Summary sentence: The alligator chorioallantoic membrane has the capability to perform steroid biosynthesis and respond to steroid Hormone Signaling, providing further evidence that steroidogenic extraembryonic membranes are a shared characteristic of amniotes
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towards an understanding of the evolution of the chorioallantoic placenta steroid biosynthesis and steroid Hormone Signaling in the chorioallantoic membrane of an oviparous reptile
Biology of Reproduction, 2012Co-Authors: Lori Cruze, Satomi Kohno, Michael W. MccoyAbstract:Amniotes, mammals, reptiles, and birds form common extraembryonic membranes during development to perform essential functions, such as protection, nutrient transfer, gas exchange, and waste removal. Together with the maternal uterus, extraembryonic membranes of viviparous (live-bearing) amniotes develop as an endocrine placenta that synthesizes and responds to steroid Hormones critical for development. The ability of these membranes to synthesize and respond to steroid Hormone Signaling has traditionally been considered an innovation of placental amniotes. However, our laboratory recently demonstrated that this ability extends to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of an oviparous (egg-laying) amniote, the domestic chicken, and we hypothesized that steroidogenic extraembryonic membranes could be an evolutionarily conserved characteristic of all amniotes because of similarities in basic structure, function, and shared evolutionary ancestry. In this study, we examined steroid Hormone synthesis and Signaling in the CAM of another oviparous amniote, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). We quantified mRNA expression of a steroidogenic factor involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis (NR5A1), the key steroidogenic enzymes involved in the synthesis of progestins (HSD3B1), androgens (CYP17A1), and estrogens (CYP19A1), and the receptors involved in the Signaling of progestins (PR), androgens (AR), estrogens (ESR1 and ESR2), and glucocorticoids (GR). Furthermore, we performed protein immunolocalization for PR and ESR1. Collectively, our findings indicate that the alligator CAM has the capability to regulate, synthesize, and respond to steroid Hormone Signaling, thus, supporting our hypothesis that the extraembryonic membranes of Amniota share a unifying characteristic, that is, the ability to synthesize and respond to steroid Hormones.
Michael W. Mccoy - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Towards an Understanding of the Evolution of the Chorioallantoic Placenta: Steroid Biosynthesis and Steroid Hormone Signaling in the Chorioallantoic Membrane of an
2016Co-Authors: Oviparous Reptile, Lori Cruze, Satomi Kohno, Michael W. MccoyAbstract:Amniotes, mammals, reptiles, and birds form common extraembryonic membranes during development to perform essential functions, such as protection, nutrient transfer, gas exchange, and waste removal. Together with the maternal uterus, extraembryonic membranes of viviparous (live-bearing) amniotes develop as an endocrine placenta that synthesizes and responds to steroid Hormones critical for development. The ability of these membranes to synthesize and respond to steroid Hormone Signaling has traditionally been considered an innova-tion of placental amniotes. However, our laboratory recently demonstrated that this ability extends to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of an oviparous (egg-laying) amniote, the domestic chicken, and we hypothesized that steroidogenic extraembryonic membranes could be an evolutionarily con
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Short Title: Steroids and the Alligator CAM
2016Co-Authors: Oviparous Reptile, Lori Cruze, Satomi Kohno, Michael W. MccoyAbstract:Summary sentence: The alligator chorioallantoic membrane has the capability to perform steroid biosynthesis and respond to steroid Hormone Signaling, providing further evidence that steroidogenic extraembryonic membranes are a shared characteristic of amniotes
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towards an understanding of the evolution of the chorioallantoic placenta steroid biosynthesis and steroid Hormone Signaling in the chorioallantoic membrane of an oviparous reptile
Biology of Reproduction, 2012Co-Authors: Lori Cruze, Satomi Kohno, Michael W. MccoyAbstract:Amniotes, mammals, reptiles, and birds form common extraembryonic membranes during development to perform essential functions, such as protection, nutrient transfer, gas exchange, and waste removal. Together with the maternal uterus, extraembryonic membranes of viviparous (live-bearing) amniotes develop as an endocrine placenta that synthesizes and responds to steroid Hormones critical for development. The ability of these membranes to synthesize and respond to steroid Hormone Signaling has traditionally been considered an innovation of placental amniotes. However, our laboratory recently demonstrated that this ability extends to the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of an oviparous (egg-laying) amniote, the domestic chicken, and we hypothesized that steroidogenic extraembryonic membranes could be an evolutionarily conserved characteristic of all amniotes because of similarities in basic structure, function, and shared evolutionary ancestry. In this study, we examined steroid Hormone synthesis and Signaling in the CAM of another oviparous amniote, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). We quantified mRNA expression of a steroidogenic factor involved in the regulation of steroidogenesis (NR5A1), the key steroidogenic enzymes involved in the synthesis of progestins (HSD3B1), androgens (CYP17A1), and estrogens (CYP19A1), and the receptors involved in the Signaling of progestins (PR), androgens (AR), estrogens (ESR1 and ESR2), and glucocorticoids (GR). Furthermore, we performed protein immunolocalization for PR and ESR1. Collectively, our findings indicate that the alligator CAM has the capability to regulate, synthesize, and respond to steroid Hormone Signaling, thus, supporting our hypothesis that the extraembryonic membranes of Amniota share a unifying characteristic, that is, the ability to synthesize and respond to steroid Hormones.
Antonio C Bianco - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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paradigms of dynamic control of thyroid Hormone Signaling
Endocrine Reviews, 2019Co-Authors: Antonio C Bianco, Balazs Gereben, Alexandra M Dumitrescu, Miriam O Ribeiro, Tatiana L Fonseca, Gustavo W Fernandes, Barbara M L C BoccoAbstract:Thyroid Hormone (TH) molecules enter cells via membrane transporters and, depending on the cell type, can be activated (i.e., T4 to T3 conversion) or inactivated (i.e., T3 to 3,3'-diiodo-l-thyronine or T4 to reverse T3 conversion). These reactions are catalyzed by the deiodinases. The biologically active Hormone, T3, eventually binds to intracellular TH receptors (TRs), TRα and TRβ, and initiate TH Signaling, that is, regulation of target genes and other metabolic pathways. At least three families of transmembrane transporters, MCT, OATP, and LAT, facilitate the entry of TH into cells, which follow the gradient of free Hormone between the extracellular fluid and the cytoplasm. Inactivation or marked downregulation of TH transporters can dampen TH Signaling. At the same time, dynamic modifications in the expression or activity of TRs and transcriptional coregulators can affect positively or negatively the intensity of TH Signaling. However, the deiodinases are the element that provides greatest amplitude in dynamic control of TH Signaling. Cells that express the activating deiodinase DIO2 can rapidly enhance TH Signaling due to intracellular buildup of T3. In contrast, TH Signaling is dampened in cells that express the inactivating deiodinase DIO3. This explains how THs can regulate pathways in development, metabolism, and growth, despite rather stable levels in the circulation. As a consequence, TH Signaling is unique for each cell (tissue or organ), depending on circulating TH levels and on the exclusive blend of transporters, deiodinases, and TRs present in each cell. In this review we explore the key mechanisms underlying customization of TH Signaling during development, in health and in disease states.
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systemic thyroid Hormone status during levothyroxine therapy in hypothyroidism a systematic review and meta analysis
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2018Co-Authors: Elizabeth A Mcaninch, Kumar B Rajan, Corinne H Miller, Antonio C BiancoAbstract:Context The standard of care for overt hypothyroidism is levothyroxine at doses that normalize serum TSH levels. Whether this approach universally restores thyroid Hormone Signaling is unknown. Objective To review studies of overt hypothyroidism in which participants were treated with levothyroxine to normalize serum TSH levels and measured other objective markers of thyroid Hormone Signaling. Design Databases were searched for studies that reported objective markers of thyroid Hormone Signaling (serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), sex Hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), creatine kinase and/or ferritin levels; cognition, energy expenditure, and/or renal function) in levothyroxine monotherapy for overt, primary hypothyroidism among nonpregnant adults with normal serum TSH levels. For studies with LDL, TC and SHBG outcomes, data were pooled using random effects meta-analysis. Results A total of 99 studies met inclusion criteria, including 65 that reported serum cholesterol data. Meta-analysis showed that levothyroxine-treated hypothyroid participants with normal serum TSH levels had 3.31 ± 1.64 mg/dL higher serum LDL levels (p=0.044) and 9.60 ± 3.55 mg/dL higher serum TC levels (p=0.007) compared to controls. In studies that did not concomitantly assess healthy controls, serum LDL levels were 138.3 ± 4.6 mg/dL (p<0.001) and serum TC levels were 209.6 ± 3.4 mg/dL (p<0.001). Meta-analysis of 2 studies showed no significant difference between SHBG levels of levothyroxine-treated participants and controls. Conclusions In studies that utilized levothyroxine monotherapy at doses that normalized the serum TSH for overt, primary hypothyroidism, not all systemic biological markers of thyroid Hormone Signaling were normalized, including serum LDL and TC levels.
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thyroid Hormone Signaling in energy homeostasis and energy metabolism
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2014Co-Authors: Elizabeth A Mcaninch, Antonio C BiancoAbstract:The thyroid Hormone (TH) plays a significant role in diverse processes related to growth, development, differentiation, and metabolism. TH Signaling modulates energy expenditure through both central and peripheral pathways. At the cellular level, the TH exerts its effects after concerted mechanisms facilitate binding to the TH receptor. In the hypothalamus, signals from a range of metabolic pathways, including appetite, temperature, afferent stimuli via the autonomic nervous system, availability of energy substrates, Hormones, and other biologically active molecules, converge to maintain plasma TH at the appropriate level to preserve energy homeostasis. At the tissue level, TH actions on metabolism are controlled by transmembrane transporters, deiodinases, and TH receptors. In the modern environment, humans are susceptible to an energy surplus, which has resulted in an obesity epidemic and, thus, understanding the contribution of the TH to cellular and organism metabolism is increasingly relevant.
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role of the type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase d2 in the control of thyroid Hormone Signaling
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 2013Co-Authors: Rafael Arrojo E Drigo, Tatiana L Fonseca, Joao Pedro Werneckdecastro, Antonio C BiancoAbstract:Abstract Background Thyroid Hormone Signaling is critical for development, growth and metabolic control in vertebrates. Although serum concentration of thyroid Hormone is remarkable stable, deiodinases modulate thyroid Hormone Signaling on a time- and cell-specific fashion by controlling the activation and inactivation of thyroid Hormone. Scope of the review This review covers the recent advances in D2 biology, a member of the iodothyronine deiodinase family, thioredoxin fold‐containing selenoenzymes that modify thyroid Hormone Signaling in a time- and cell-specific manner. Major conclusions D2-catalyzed T3 production increases thyroid Hormone Signaling whereas blocking D2 activity or disruption of the Dio2 gene leads to a state of localized hypothyroidism. D2 expression is regulated by different developmental, metabolic or environmental cues such as the hedgehog pathway, the adrenergic- and the TGR5-activated cAMP pathway, by xenobiotic molecules such as flavonols and by stress in the endoplasmic reticulum, which specifically reduces de novo synthesis of D2 via an eIF2a-mediated mechanism. Thus, D2 plays a central role in important physiological processes such as determining T3 content in developing tissues and in the adult brain, and promoting adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue. Notably, D2 is critical in the T4-mediated negative feed-back at the pituitary and hypothalamic levels, whereby T4 inhibits TSH and TRH expression, respectively. Notably, ubiquitination is a major step in the control of D2 activity, whereby T4 binding to and/or T4 catalysis triggers D2 inactivation by ubiquitination that is mediated by the E3 ubiquitin ligases WSB-1 and/or TEB4. Ubiquitinated D2 can be either targeted to proteasomal degradation or reactivated by deubiquitination, a process that is mediated by the deubiquitinases USP20/33 and is important in adaptive thermogenesis. General significance Here we review the recent advances in the understanding of D2 biology focusing on the mechanisms that regulate its expression and their biological significance in metabolically relevant tissues. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Thyroid Hormone signalling.
Gerard J Bishop - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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cloning the tomato curl3 gene highlights the putative dual role of the leucine rich repeat receptor kinase tbri1 sr160 in plant steroid Hormone and peptide Hormone Signaling
The Plant Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Teresa Montoya, Takahito Nomura, Kerrie Farrar, Tsuyoshi Kaneta, Takao Yokota, Gerard J BishopAbstract:Brassinosteroids (BRs) are plant steroid Hormones that are essential for normal plant development. To gain better understanding of the conservation of BR Signaling, the partially BR-insensitive tomato mutant altered brassinolide sensitivity1 (abs1) was identified and found to be a weak allele at the curl3 (cu3) locus. BR content is increased in both of these mutants and is associated with increased expression of Dwarf. The tomato homolog of the Arabidopsis Brassinosteroid Insensitive1 Leu-rich repeat (LRR) receptor-like kinase, named tBri1, was isolated using degenerate primers. Sequence analysis of tBRI1 in the mutants cu3 and abs1 revealed that cu3 is a nonsense mutant and that abs1 is a missense mutant. A comparison of BRI1 homolog sequences highlights conserved features of BRI1 sequences, with the LRRs in close proximity to the island domain showing more conservation than N-terminal LRRs. The most homologous sequences were found in the kinase and transmembrane regions. tBRI1 (SR160) also has been isolated as the putative receptor for systemin, a plant peptide Hormone. This finding suggests a possible dual role for tBRI1 in steroid Hormone and peptide Hormone Signaling.
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brassinosteroids and plant steroid Hormone Signaling
The Plant Cell, 2002Co-Authors: Gerard J Bishop, Csaba KonczAbstract:Steroids play a role as essential Hormones in plants as well as in animals. Plants produce numerous steroids and sterols, some of which are recognized as Hormones in animals ([Geuns, 1978][1]; [Jones and Roddick, 1988][2]). Brassinolide (BL) is the most bioactive form of the growth-promoting plant
Joanne Chory - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.
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Unraveling the paradoxes of plant Hormone Signaling integration
Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 2010Co-Authors: Yvon Jaillais, Joanne ChoryAbstract:Plant Hormones play a major role in plant growth and development. They affect similar processes but, paradoxically, their Signaling pathways act nonredundantly. Hormone signals are integrated at the gene-network level rather than by cross-talk during signal transduction. In contrast to Hormone-Hormone integration, recent data suggest that light and plant Hormone pathways share common Signaling components, which allows photoreceptors to influence the growth program. We propose a role for the plant Hormone auxin as an integrator of the activities of multiple plant Hormones to control plant growth in response to the environment.
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molecular mechanisms of steroid Hormone Signaling in plants
Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology, 2005Co-Authors: Gregory Vert, Jennifer L Nemhauser, Niko Geldner, Fangxin Hong, Joanne ChoryAbstract:Brassinosteroids (BRs), the polyhydroxylated steroid Hormones of plants, regulate the growth and differentiation of plants throughout their life cycle. Over the past several years, genetic and biochemical approaches have yielded great progress in understanding BR Signaling. Unlike their animal counterparts, BRs are perceived at the plasma membrane by direct binding to the extracellular domain of the BRI1 receptor S/T kinase. BR perception initiates a Signaling cascade, acting through a GSK3 kinase, BIN2, and the BSU1 phosphatase, which in turn modulates the phosphorylation state and stability of the nuclear transcription factors BES1 and BZR1. Microarray technology has been used extensively to provide a global view of BR genomic effects, as well as a specific set of target genes for BES1 and BZR1. These gene products thus provide a framework for how BRs regulate the growth of plants.