The Experts below are selected from a list of 261 Experts worldwide ranked by ideXlab platform

Scott J Hultgren - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • urinary tract infections microbial pathogenesis host pathogen interactions and new treatment strategies
    Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2020
    Co-Authors: Roger D Klein, Scott J Hultgren
    Abstract:

    Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common, recurrent infections that can be mild to life-threatening. The continued emergence of antibiotic resistance, together with our increasing understanding of the detrimental effects conferred by broad-spectrum antibiotic use on the health of the beneficial microbiota of the host, has underscored the weaknesses in our current treatment paradigm for UTIs. In this Review, we discuss how recent microbiological, structural, genetic and immunological studies have expanded our understanding of Host-Pathogen interactions during UTI pathogenesis. These basic scientific findings have the potential to shift the strategy for UTI treatment away from broad-spectrum antibiotics targeting conserved aspects of bacterial replication towards pathogen-specific antibiotic-sparing therapeutics that target core determinants of bacterial virulence at the Host-Pathogen Interface.

  • urinary tract infections epidemiology mechanisms of infection and treatment options
    Nature Reviews Microbiology, 2015
    Co-Authors: Ana L Floresmireles, Jennifer N Walker, Michael G Caparon, Scott J Hultgren
    Abstract:

    Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a severe public health problem and are caused by a range of pathogens, but most commonly by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus saprophyticus. High recurrence rates and increasing antimicrobial resistance among uropathogens threaten to greatly increase the economic burden of these infections. In this Review, we discuss how basic science studies are elucidating the molecular details of the crosstalk that occurs at the Host-Pathogen Interface, as well as the consequences of these interactions for the pathophysiology of UTIs. We also describe current efforts to translate this knowledge into new clinical treatments for UTIs.

J De La Fuente - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • expression of heat shock proteins and subolesin affects stress responses anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and questing behaviour in the tick ixodes scapularis
    Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 2012
    Co-Authors: Ann T Busby, Ruth C Galindo, Nieves Ayllon, Katherine M Kocan, Edmour F Blouin, G De La Fuente, Margarita Villar, J De La Fuente
    Abstract:

    We characterized the effects of subolesin and heat shock protein (HSP) expression on Ixodes scapularis Say (Acari: Ixodidae) stress responses to heat shock and feeding, questing behaviour and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) infection. Ticks and cultured tick cells were analysed before and after subolesin, hsp20 and hsp70 gene knock-down by RNA interference. The results of these studies confirm that HSPs are involved in the tick cell response to heat stress and that subolesin and HSPs are both involved in the tick response to blood-feeding stress and A. phagocytophilum infection. Subolesin and hsp20 are involved in the tick protective response to A. phagocytophilum infection and hsp70 expression may be manipulated by the pathogen to increase infectivity. Importantly, these results demonstrate that subolesin, hsp20 and hsp70 expression also affect tick questing behaviour. Overall, this research demonstrates a relationship between hsp and subolesin expression and tick stress responses to heat shock and blood feeding, A. phagocytophilum infection and questing behaviour, thereby extending our understanding of the tick-Host-Pathogen Interface.

Vladimir N Uversky - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • the intrinsically disordered structural platform of the plant defence hub protein rpm1 interacting protein 4 provides insights into its mode of action in the host pathogen Interface and evolution of the nitrate induced domain protein family
    FEBS Journal, 2014
    Co-Authors: David R Greenwood, Matthew D Templeton, David S Libich, Tony K Mcghie, Minsoo Yoon, Christopher A Kirk, William T Jones, Vladimir N Uversky
    Abstract:

    Arabidopsis thaliana (At) RPM1-interacting protein 4 (RIN4), targeted by many defence-suppressing bacterial type III effectors and monitored by several resistance proteins, regulates plant immune responses to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and type III effectors. Little is known about the overall protein structure of AtRIN4, especially in its unbound form, and the relevance of structure to its diverse biological functions. AtRIN4 contains two nitrate-induced (NOI) domains and is a member of the NOI family. Using experimental and bioinformatic approaches, we demonstrate that the unbound AtRIN4 is intrinsically disordered under physiological conditions. The intrinsically disordered polypeptide chain of AtRIN4 is interspersed with molecular recognition features (MoRFs) and anchor-identified long-binding regions, potentially allowing it to undergo disorder-to-order transitions upon binding to partner(s). A poly-l-proline II structure, often responsible for protein recognition, is also identified in AtRIN4. By performing bioinformatics analyses on RIN4 homologues from different plant species and the NOI proteins from Arabidopsis, we infer the conservation of intrinsic disorder, MoRFs and long-binding regions of AtRIN4 in other plant species and the NOI family. Intrinsic disorder and MoRFs could provide RIN4 proteins with the binding promiscuity and plasticity required to act as hubs in a pivotal position within plant defence signalling cascades.

Ahmed S Attia - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • analysis of the staphylococcus aureus abscess proteome identifies antimicrobial host proteins and bacterial stress responses at the host pathogen Interface
    Pathogens and Disease, 2013
    Co-Authors: Ahmed S Attia, James E Cassat, Sheg O Aranmolate, Lisa J Zimmerman, Kelli L Boyd, Eric P Skaar
    Abstract:

    Abscesses are a hallmark of invasive staphylococcal infections and the site of a dynamic struggle between pathogen and host. However, the precise host and bacterial factors that contribute to abscess formation and maintenance have not been completely described. In this work, we define the Staphylococcus aureus abscess proteome from both wild-type and neutropenic mice to elucidate the host response to staphylococcal infection and uncover novel S. aureus virulence factors. Among the proteins identified, the mouse protein histone H4 was enriched in the abscesses of wild-type compared with neutropenic animals. Histone H4 inhibits staphylococcal growth in vitro demonstrating a role for this protein in the innate immune response to staphylococcal infection. These analyses also identified staphylococcal proteins within the abscess, including known virulence factors and proteins with previously unrecognized roles in pathogenesis. Within the latter group was the universal stress protein Usp2, which was enriched in kidney lesions from neutropenic mice and required for the S. aureus response to stringent stress. Taken together, these data describe the S. aureus abscess proteome and lay the foundation for the identification of contributors to innate immunity and bacterial pathogenesis.

Shuji Ando - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • suppressive effects of neutrophil by salp16 like salivary gland proteins from ixodes persulcatus schulze tick
    Insect Molecular Biology, 2014
    Co-Authors: Arata Hidano, Satoru Konnai, Shinji Yamada, T. Ito, Naftaly Githaka, Masayoshi Isezaki, Ai Takano, Hidetoshi Higuchi, Hajime Nagahata, Shuji Ando
    Abstract:

    Salp16, a 16-kDa tick salivary gland protein, is known to be the molecule involved in the transmission of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligate intracellular pathogen causing zoonotic anaplasmosis, from its mammalian hosts to Ixodes scapularis. Recently, the presence of A. phagocytophilum was documented in Japan and Ixodes persulcatus was identified as one of its vectors. The purpose of this study was to identify Salp16 genes in I. persulcatus and characterize their function. Two cDNA clones encoding the Salp16-like sequences were obtained from the salivary glands of fed female I. persulcatus ticks and designated Salp16 Iper1 and Iper2. Gene expression analyses showed that the Salp16 Iper genes were expressed specifically in the salivary glands and were up-regulated by blood feeding. These proteins attenuated the oxidative burst of activated bovine neutrophils and inhibited their migration induced by the chemoattractant interleukin-8 (IL-8). These results demonstrate that Salp16 Iper proteins contribute to the establishment of blood feeding as an immunosuppressant of neutrophil, an essential factor in innate host immunity. Further examination of the role of Salp16 Iper in the transmission of pathogens, including A. phagocytophilum, will increase our understanding of the tick-Host-Pathogen Interface.