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Edward D Walker - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Host Selection by culex pipiens mosquitoes and west nile virus amplification
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gabriel L Hamer, Uriel Kitron, Tony L Goldberg, Jeffrey D Brawn, Scott R Loss, Marilyn O Ruiz, Daniel B Hayes, Edward D Walker
    Abstract:

    Recent field studies have suggested that the dynamics of West Nile virus (WNV) transmission are influenced strongly by a few key super spreader bird species that function both as primary blood Hosts of the vector mosquitoes (in particular Culex pipiens) and as reservoir-competent virus Hosts. It has been hypothesized that human cases result from a shift in mosquito feeding from these key bird species to humans after abundance of the key birds species decreases. To test this paradigm, we performed a mosquito blood meal analysis integrating Host-feeding patterns of Cx. pipiens, the principal vector of WNV in the eastern United States north of the latitude 36 degrees N and other mosquito species with robust measures of Host availability, to determine Host Selection in a WNV-endemic area of suburban Chicago, Illinois, during 2005-2007. Results showed that Cx. pipiens fed predominantly (83%) on birds with a high diversity of species used as Hosts (25 species). American robins (Turdus migratorius) were marginally overused and several species were underused on the basis of relative abundance measures, including the common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Culex pipiens also fed substantially on mammals (19%; 7 species with humans representing 16%). West Nile virus transmission intensified in July of both years at times when American robins were heavily fed upon, and then decreased when robin abundance decreased, after which other birds species were selected as Hosts. There was no shift in feeding from birds to mammals coincident with emergence of human cases. Rather, bird feeding predominated when the onset of the human cases occurred. Measures of Host abundance and competence and Cx. pipiens feeding preference were combined to estimate the amplification fractions of the different bird species. Predictions were that approximately 66% of WNV-infectious Cx. pipiens became infected from feeding on just a few species of birds, including American robins (35%), blue jays (17%, Cyanocitta cristata), and house finches (15%, Carpodacus mexicanus).

  • Host Selection by culex pipiens mosquitoes and west nile virus amplification
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gabriel L Hamer, Uriel Kitron, Tony L Goldberg, Jeffrey D Brawn, Scott R Loss, Marilyn O Ruiz, Daniel B Hayes, Edward D Walker
    Abstract:

    Recent field studies have suggested that the dynamics of West Nile virus (WNV) transmission are influenced strongly by a few key super spreader bird species that function both as primary blood Hosts of the vector mosquitoes (in particular Culex pipiens) and as reservoir-competent virus Hosts. It has been hypothesized that human cases result from a shift in mosquito feeding from these key bird species to humans after abundance of the key birds species decreases. To test this paradigm, we performed a mosquito blood meal analysis integrating Host-feeding patterns of Cx. pipiens, the principal vector of WNV in the eastern United States north of the latitude 36°N and other mosquito species with robust measures of Host availability, to determine Host Selection in a WNV-endemic area of suburban Chicago, Illinois, during 2005-2007. Results showed that Cx. pipiens fed predominantly (83%) on birds with a high diversity of species used as Hosts (25 species). American robins (Turdus migratorius) were marginally overused and several species were underused on the basis of relative abundance measures, including the common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Culex pipiens also fed substantially on mammals (19%; 7 species with humans representing 16%). West Nile virus transmission intensified in July of both years at times when American robins were heavily fed upon, and then decreased when robin abundance decreased, after which other birds species were selected as Hosts. There was no shift in feeding from birds to mammals coincident with emergence of human cases. Rather, bird feeding predominated when the onset of the human cases occurred. Measures of Host abundance and competence and Cx. pipiens feeding preference were combined to estimate the amplification fractions of the different bird species. Predictions were that approximately 66% of WNV-infectious Cx. pipiens became infected from feeding on just a few species of birds, including American robins (35%), blue jays (17%, Cyanocitta cristata), and house finches (15%, Carpodacus mexicanus).

Cesar A N Catalan - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • volatiles mediate Host Selection in the corn hoppers dalbulus maidis hemiptera cicadellidae and peregrinus maidis hemiptera delphacidae
    Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Maria Victoria Coll Araoz, Jorge G Hill, Eduardo Gabriel Virla, V G Jacobi, Patricia Carina Fernandez, Luft E Albarracin, Cesar A N Catalan
    Abstract:

    Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants are generally involved in Host recognition and Host Selection for many phytophagous insects. However, for leafhoppers and planthoppers, Host recognition is mainly thought to involve a phototactic response, but it is not clear if a Host plant could be selected based on the volatile cues it emits. In this study we evaluated olfactory responses in dual choice tests of two Hemiptera species, Dalbulus maidis (De Long) (Cicadellidae) and Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) (Delphacidae), vectors of maize-stunting diseases, to three maize (Zea mays L.) germplasms, a temperate and a tropical hybrid and a landrace. VOCs emitted by the germplasms were collected and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The temperate hybrid released significantly more VOCs than the tropical hybrid and the landrace, and its volatile profile was dominated by (±)-linalool. D. maidis preferred odours emitted from the temperate hybrid, whereas P. maidis preferred odours from the tropical hybrid and the landrace over the temperate one. In order to test if linalool plays a role in the behavioural responses, we assayed this compound in combination with the tropical hybrid, to provide other contextual olfactory cues. D. maidis was attracted to the tropical hybrid plus a 0.0001% linalool solution, indicating that this compound could be part of a blend of attractants. Whereas addition of linalool resulted in a slight, though not significant, reduction in Host VOC attractiveness for P. maidis. Both hopper species responded to olfactory cues in the absence of supplementary visual cues.

Gabriel L Hamer - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Host Selection by culex pipiens mosquitoes and west nile virus amplification
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gabriel L Hamer, Uriel Kitron, Tony L Goldberg, Jeffrey D Brawn, Scott R Loss, Marilyn O Ruiz, Daniel B Hayes, Edward D Walker
    Abstract:

    Recent field studies have suggested that the dynamics of West Nile virus (WNV) transmission are influenced strongly by a few key super spreader bird species that function both as primary blood Hosts of the vector mosquitoes (in particular Culex pipiens) and as reservoir-competent virus Hosts. It has been hypothesized that human cases result from a shift in mosquito feeding from these key bird species to humans after abundance of the key birds species decreases. To test this paradigm, we performed a mosquito blood meal analysis integrating Host-feeding patterns of Cx. pipiens, the principal vector of WNV in the eastern United States north of the latitude 36 degrees N and other mosquito species with robust measures of Host availability, to determine Host Selection in a WNV-endemic area of suburban Chicago, Illinois, during 2005-2007. Results showed that Cx. pipiens fed predominantly (83%) on birds with a high diversity of species used as Hosts (25 species). American robins (Turdus migratorius) were marginally overused and several species were underused on the basis of relative abundance measures, including the common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Culex pipiens also fed substantially on mammals (19%; 7 species with humans representing 16%). West Nile virus transmission intensified in July of both years at times when American robins were heavily fed upon, and then decreased when robin abundance decreased, after which other birds species were selected as Hosts. There was no shift in feeding from birds to mammals coincident with emergence of human cases. Rather, bird feeding predominated when the onset of the human cases occurred. Measures of Host abundance and competence and Cx. pipiens feeding preference were combined to estimate the amplification fractions of the different bird species. Predictions were that approximately 66% of WNV-infectious Cx. pipiens became infected from feeding on just a few species of birds, including American robins (35%), blue jays (17%, Cyanocitta cristata), and house finches (15%, Carpodacus mexicanus).

  • Host Selection by culex pipiens mosquitoes and west nile virus amplification
    American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2009
    Co-Authors: Gabriel L Hamer, Uriel Kitron, Tony L Goldberg, Jeffrey D Brawn, Scott R Loss, Marilyn O Ruiz, Daniel B Hayes, Edward D Walker
    Abstract:

    Recent field studies have suggested that the dynamics of West Nile virus (WNV) transmission are influenced strongly by a few key super spreader bird species that function both as primary blood Hosts of the vector mosquitoes (in particular Culex pipiens) and as reservoir-competent virus Hosts. It has been hypothesized that human cases result from a shift in mosquito feeding from these key bird species to humans after abundance of the key birds species decreases. To test this paradigm, we performed a mosquito blood meal analysis integrating Host-feeding patterns of Cx. pipiens, the principal vector of WNV in the eastern United States north of the latitude 36°N and other mosquito species with robust measures of Host availability, to determine Host Selection in a WNV-endemic area of suburban Chicago, Illinois, during 2005-2007. Results showed that Cx. pipiens fed predominantly (83%) on birds with a high diversity of species used as Hosts (25 species). American robins (Turdus migratorius) were marginally overused and several species were underused on the basis of relative abundance measures, including the common grackle (Quiscalus quiscula), house sparrow (Passer domesticus), and European starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Culex pipiens also fed substantially on mammals (19%; 7 species with humans representing 16%). West Nile virus transmission intensified in July of both years at times when American robins were heavily fed upon, and then decreased when robin abundance decreased, after which other birds species were selected as Hosts. There was no shift in feeding from birds to mammals coincident with emergence of human cases. Rather, bird feeding predominated when the onset of the human cases occurred. Measures of Host abundance and competence and Cx. pipiens feeding preference were combined to estimate the amplification fractions of the different bird species. Predictions were that approximately 66% of WNV-infectious Cx. pipiens became infected from feeding on just a few species of birds, including American robins (35%), blue jays (17%, Cyanocitta cristata), and house finches (15%, Carpodacus mexicanus).

Maria Victoria Coll Araoz - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • volatiles mediate Host Selection in the corn hoppers dalbulus maidis hemiptera cicadellidae and peregrinus maidis hemiptera delphacidae
    Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2019
    Co-Authors: Maria Victoria Coll Araoz, Jorge G Hill, Eduardo Gabriel Virla, V G Jacobi, Patricia Carina Fernandez, Luft E Albarracin, Cesar A N Catalan
    Abstract:

    Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants are generally involved in Host recognition and Host Selection for many phytophagous insects. However, for leafhoppers and planthoppers, Host recognition is mainly thought to involve a phototactic response, but it is not clear if a Host plant could be selected based on the volatile cues it emits. In this study we evaluated olfactory responses in dual choice tests of two Hemiptera species, Dalbulus maidis (De Long) (Cicadellidae) and Peregrinus maidis (Ashmead) (Delphacidae), vectors of maize-stunting diseases, to three maize (Zea mays L.) germplasms, a temperate and a tropical hybrid and a landrace. VOCs emitted by the germplasms were collected and identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The temperate hybrid released significantly more VOCs than the tropical hybrid and the landrace, and its volatile profile was dominated by (±)-linalool. D. maidis preferred odours emitted from the temperate hybrid, whereas P. maidis preferred odours from the tropical hybrid and the landrace over the temperate one. In order to test if linalool plays a role in the behavioural responses, we assayed this compound in combination with the tropical hybrid, to provide other contextual olfactory cues. D. maidis was attracted to the tropical hybrid plus a 0.0001% linalool solution, indicating that this compound could be part of a blend of attractants. Whereas addition of linalool resulted in a slight, though not significant, reduction in Host VOC attractiveness for P. maidis. Both hopper species responded to olfactory cues in the absence of supplementary visual cues.

A R Kraaijeveld - One of the best experts on this subject based on the ideXlab platform.

  • Host preference and survival in selected lines of a drosophila parasitoid asobara tabida
    Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2008
    Co-Authors: J Rolff, A R Kraaijeveld
    Abstract:

    Host Selection behaviour of parasitoids has important fitness consequences, if Hosts of different quality are available. Here the Host Selection behaviour, the ability to distinguish between Hosts differing in their suitability, of the Drosophila parasitizing wasp Asobara tabida was studied. Females from five lines selected for higher survival in the encapsulating Host species D. melanogaster (Kraaijeveld et al., 2001) were compared with females from control lines. Females from all five selected lines more readily accepted the encapsulating Host species for oviposition when offered together with a nonencapsulating Host species than females from the control lines. We found no evidence for pleiotropic effects and suggest that Host Selection behaviour evolved parallel to the ability to escape encapsulation in the Hosts. Our results also suggest that given the appropriate Selection pressures, Host Selection behaviour can quickly evolve in parasitoids, enabling them to adapt fast to changing circumstances.

  • adaptive variation in Host Selection behaviour of asobara tabida a parasitoid of drosophila larvae
    Functional Ecology, 1995
    Co-Authors: A R Kraaijeveld, B Nowee, R W Najem
    Abstract:

    1. The braconid Asobara tabida is a widespread parasitoid of Drosophila larvae in fermenting substrates. 2. Across its geographic range, survival probability in D. subobscura larvae is high and fairly constant; survival probability in D. melanogaster larvae shows much variation. 3. When females of different strains are offered a choice between larvae of the two Host species, the degree of preference for D. subobscura larvae is linked to the difference in survival probability in the two Host species. 4. Host Selection behaviour of the females matches the predictions made by an optimal foraging model. 5. Survival probability in D. melanogaster also depends on temperature and Host Selection behaviour appears to be influenced by temperature as well. 6. It is concluded that Host Selection behaviour of A. tabida is a trait with phenotypic plasticity on top of genetic differences